• 한국습지학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2021

도시지역의 강우유출수를 관리하기 위하여 자연기반해법의 LID 및 그린인프라 적용이 늘고 있다. 식물이 LID 시설에 적용되는 이유는 광합성을 이용하여 오염물질 저감효율을 높이고, 시설 내부 오염물질 축적을 줄여 유지관리 기능을 향상시키기 위해서이다. 그러나 LID 시설 내부에서 작용하는 식물의 오염물질 흡입능력의 불확실성으로 인하여 식재 선정시 어려움이 많다. 따라서 본 연구는 도로변, LID 시설 및 조경공간에 식재되어있는 식물의 건물률 및 영양물질 함량을 비교하여 오염물질 제거기작을 분석하기 위해 수행되었다. 실험대상인 7종의 초본류, 관목류 및 교목류의 월별 건물률은 60~90% 범위를 보였다. 초본류 몸체 내 TN 함량은 여름철까지 지속적으로 성장하다가 감소하는 추세를 보였다. 그러나 관목류와 교목류는 초봄과 늦여름에 높은 TN 함량을 보였다. 패랭이를 제외한 LID 시설에 식재된 모든 식물에서 높은 TP 함량을 보였다. 이는 LID의 식물이 인 제거에 효율적이라는 것을 의미한다. 식물별 영양염류 함량은 유입수 농도에 영향을 끼치는 도시환경에 크게 의존하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이러한 결과들은 향후 LID 적용 시 식생 선정에 있어 유용한 자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.237-253
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• 2018

The adzuki bean (Vigna angularis L.) is a red-grained legume that has a number of essential nutrients and is used in traditional dishes in Asia. Adzuki bean industrial by-products are also a potential low-cost source of some unique bioactive polyphenols. Hence, here, the authors aimed to perform a comparative study of the phytochemical profiles of the leaves and seeds of the adzuki bean and compare their antioxidant, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition, and tyrosinase inhibition activity. The authors assessed antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, PR, TPC, and SOD assays, which showed wide variation, respectively. From the relative antioxidant capacity index results, 10 adzuki bean landraces were selected to compare for phytochemicals and bioactivity using leaf and seed extracts. Antioxidant, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition, and tyrosinase inhibition activity in the leaf extracts were higher than in the seed extracts, and there were more flavonols and isoflavones in the leaf extracts than in the seed extracts. This study demonstrated that adzuki bean leaf extracts could be a new natural antioxidant or antidiabetic agent and a skin whitener and can also be used in industrial applications.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 1991

기주식물 (토끼풀, Trifolium repens L.)의 유조직에 침입하여 생장하는 실새삼(Cuscuta australis R. Brown)의 흡기세포들의 미세구조를 조사하였다. 기주세포들과 직접 접촉되어 있는 흡기의 정면부위는 아직 분지되지 않은 선단세포들 및 이들로부터 분지하여 신장된 세포들(hyphae)로 구성되었다. 이 두 유형의 세포들은 전자밀도가 높은 세포질을 지니며, 또한 핵막이 심하게 만입된 커다란 핵을 갖는 특징을 보였다. 어떤 선단세포에서는 비후된 세포벽 물질이 기주세포벽의 중엽(middle lamellae)으로 침입하고, 파괴된 기주세포의 잔유물을 내포하는 양상을 보였다. 두 유형의 세포들은 원형질막과 세포벽이 안쪽으로 돌출하는 구조를 갖는데, 이는 기주세포들로부터 물질흡수를 촉진하기 위한 표면적의 증가현상으로 해석된다. 기주와 흡기세포의 세포벽사이를 통과하는 원형질연락사는 관찰되지 않았다. 두 식물세포의 경계면에서는 융합된 세포벽을 관찰할 수 있는데, 이 구조는 기주로부터 흡기로의 수분 및 영양물질의 수송 경로로써 작용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2000

Cassia mimosoides var. nomame was grown at five seeding rates (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kg/ha) from March 31 to September 21, 1998 at Cheju to determine influence of seeding rate on agronomic characters, and forage yield and quality. Days to flowering increased from 126 to 129 days as seeding rate increased from 10 to 50 kg/ha. The plant height increased from 86 to 99 cm as seeding rate was increased from 10 to 30 kg/hac and then decreased to 93 cm at a rate of 50 kglha. With increasing seeding rate, stem diameter quadratically decreased and the number of branches and green leaves per plant linearly decreased but the number of withering leaves per plant linearly increased. As seeding rate increased &om 10 to 30 kg/ha, fresh forage, dry matter, crude protein, and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield increased 'from 30.7 to 49.1, 7.5 to 12.2, 0.90 to 1.57 and 4.09 to 7.09 MTha, respectively, and then decreased with further increased seeding rates. Crude protein, ether extract, nitrogen free extract, and TDN wntent increased 12.1 to 14.2% 2.2 to 2.9%, 35.1 to 39.2%, 54.8 to 60.3% respectively, but crude fiber wntent decreased 39.8 .to 33.3% and crude ash declined 4.9 to 3.8% as seeding rate increased from 10 to 50 kgiha. The optimum seeding rate to obtain the highest TDN yield was estimated to be 36kglha. (Key words : Cassia mimosoides var. nomame, Seeding rate, Forage yield, Forage quality)

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2004

As a baseline survey for long-term monitoring on environmental change around the Antarctic King Sejong Station, distribution pattern of Deschampsia antarctica Desv., a flowering plant newly colonized were investigated qualitatively and quantitatively in both austral summer 2002 and 2003. Dispersal of the seeds and vegetative leaves by skuas might lead to the colonization into this area from neighbors in Maxwell Bay. The pioneer populations were observed around ponds and a stream of the Sejong Point in January 2002, and the maximum dispersal area was four times expanded after a year. Most of the populations were formed on the stable and well-drained substrate, which consisted of moss carpet of Sanionia georgico-uncinata (65%) and pebbles (25%), while only a few young individuals were observed on the unstable and watertight silt-sandy area. Especially, S. georgico-uncinata was being effectively utilized as their primary substrate with the soft, coarse and water-contained leaves. Also the perennial mature plants of D. antarctica were mainly formed on the moss carpet rather than pebbles. A few individuals were grown on other mosses of Polytrichastrum alpinum, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Pohlia cruda, and Conostomum magellanicum and on a liverwort of Cephaloziella varians. We expect that dispersal of D. antarctica and the following succession to grass field will be countinuously and dynamically proceeded in this area, with the characteristics of ecological niche against the initial moss populations, on the similar continuity of environmental conditions. The continuous observations are needed with establishment of database on environmental change of micro-habitats, e.g. the water content and nutrients of soil and the underground temperature and permafrost.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.226-236
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• 2009

The performance of phytoremediation has proven effective in the removal of nutrients and metals from aqueous systems. However, little information is available regarding the behavior of pesticides and their removal pathways in aquatic environments involving plant-uptake. A detailed understanding of the kinetics of pesticide removal by plants and information on compound/plant partition coefficients can lead to an effective design of the phytoremediation process for anthropogenic pesticide reduction. It was determined that the reduction rates of four organophosphorus (OP) and two organochlorine (OC) pesticides (diazinon, fenitrothion, malathion, parathion, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene [HCB]) could be simulated by first-order reaction kinetics. The magnitude of k was dependent on the pesticide species and found within the range of 0.409 - 0.580 $d^{-1}$. Analytical results obtained by mass balances suggested that differential chemical stability, including diversity of molecular structure, half-lives, and water solubility, would greatly influence the removal mechanisms and pathways of OPs and OCs in a phytoreactor (PR). In the case of OP pesticides, plant accumulation was an important pathway for the removal of fenitrothion and parathion from water, while pesticide sorption in suspended matter (SM) was an important pathway for removal of dieldrin and HCB. The magnitude of the pesticide migration factor (${\Large M}_p^{pesticide}$) is a good indication of determining the tendency of pesticide movement from below- to above-ground biomass. The uncertainties related to the different phenomena involved in the laboratory phyto-experiment are also discussed.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.253-258
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• 1998

마이크로파 시료 분해법이 식물체와 퇴비 중의 K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn등을 분석하는데 적합한가를 검정하기 위하여 기존의 습식분해법과 비교하였다. 분석시간은 기존의 습식분해법이 4~6시간 걸리던 것에 비하여 마이크로파 분해법에서는 1시간 이하로 단축할 수 있었으며, 두 분석법간의 각 성분별 분석값의 상관계수($R^2$)는 각각 K 0.98, Ca 0.97, Mg 0.91, Zn 0.94, Mn 0.99, Cu 0.99를 나타내었다. 칼륨과 칼슘의 경우 기존 습식분해법의 분석값이 더 높은 경향을 나타내었고 구리, 망간, 아연의 경우는 마이크로파 분해법의 분석값이 더 높은 경향을 나타내었으나 마그네슘의 경우 일정한 경향이 없었다. 그러나 칼슘의 경우를 제외한 그 외 성분들의 편기도(biases)는 10% 이내였다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.423-428
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• 2013

Although closed soilless culture is useful for saving water and fertilizers with minimizing environmental pollution, adequate management of nutrient solutions is still not stabilized in greenhouse cultivation. In order to investigate the problems occurred in closed soilless culture of Paprika (Capsicum annuum L., cv. Fiesta), we compared ion balance, fruit yield, and the water and fertilizer use efficiencies in the closed system with those in the open system. The plants were grown in rockwool culture with a nutrient solution of EC $2.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. After 4 weeks of treatment, individual ratio of $NO{_3}^-$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Mg^{2+}$ to total ion concentrations ($meq{\cdot}L^{-1}$) decreased from the initial value, especially the biggest decrement was observed in $K^+$, and on the other hand, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, $Cl^-$, and $Na^+$ were accumulated in the closed system. Yields after four-time harvests were 19% higher in the open system than in the closed system. Total volume of water used per unit area ($m^2$) in the open system was 20% higher, but the total water use per fruit was not significantly different between the two systems, while t total fertilizer use per fruit was 78% higher in the closed system. Amount of marketable fruits was not significantly different between the two systems. We concluded that the increase in $K^+$ supply and the replenishment of recycled nutrient solution every four weeks were required for preventing the imbalance or depletion of nutrients in the close soilless culture of paprika plants to get more balanced nutrient composition during whole cultivation period.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.331-337
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• 2019

Digitaria exilis L. is an under-utilized crop with high nutritional and medicinal values. It thrives in and is well-adapted to arid areas with low soil nutrients. Using biochemical markers, this study investigates the mechanisms by which D. exilis responds to osmotic stress. Three accessions Dinat Iburua (DIN), Jakah Iburua (JAK) and Jiw Iburua (JIW) were collected from National Cereal Research Institute, Niger State. Two accessions, NG/11/JD/061 and NG/11/JD/062 were also collected from National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Ibadan. Murashige and Skoog medium of approximately 1.2 L was supplemented with polyethylene glycol 6000 to create osmotic pressures of -9.29, -13.93, -20.13, -26.32, -32.51, and 0 MPa (control). Sterilized seeds were inoculated in the medium and placed in the growth room for 4 weeks. Proline accumulation was significantly high in all JAK plants under osmotic stress. Proline and ascorbate peroxidase (p<0.05) activities were directly correlated, thus reinforcing the survivability of JAK during stress. Catalase (CAT) activity was also significantly induced in JAK under osmotic stress, which synergistically improved its tolerability. As a result, >50% of OH-, H₂O₂, and NO radicals were scavenged. However, other accessions including DIN, NG061, NG062, and JIW showed variations in their responses to different levels of osmotic stress, although not significant. Therefore, JAK possesses a well-equipped free radical quenching system that is protected by the accumulation of the osmolyte proline; therefore, accession JAK is considered osmotolerant. CAT and superoxide dismutase activities were osmostabilized against oxidative stress by proline.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.31-34
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• 2006

The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of cutting interval and cutting height on the yield and nutrient composition of hedge lucerne (Desmanthus virgatus) when grown on a sandy soil in the Northeast of Thailand. The cutting intervals compared were 30, 40 and 50 days between harvests and the cutting heights 30, 40 and 50 cm above ground level. The experiment was a $3{\times}3$ factorial layout in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications-giving a total of 36 plots each $3{\times}3m^2$. Harvested plant material was weighed, dried and the ground subsamples taken for analyses of crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ash, ether extract (EE) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE). At the last harvest the hedge lucerne samples were separated to determine leaf to stem ratios and then analyzed for nutrient composition in the leaf and stem. Results showed that increasing the cutting interval (i.e. advancing age of maturity) increased dry matter and nutrient yields significantly. In terms of nutrient content, it also increased the crude fiber, ash, ether extract and nitrogen free extract percent in the plant. However, crude protein percent was markedly decreased as the cutting interval increased. Increasing cutting height had no effect on dry matter yield and yields of nutrients, but in terms of nutrient content, it increased crude protein and ash content, but decreased crude fiber content. The percent EE and NFE in the plant was unaffected by cutting height. From the results presented it is clear that cutting a stand of hedge lucerne every 40 to 50 days will achieve greater dry matter and nutrient yields than cutting more frequently, at 30 days. The cutting height at harvest, whether 30, 40 or 50 cm above ground level had no effect on dry matter or nutrient yields of hedge Lucerne. Hedge lucerne therefore offers the Thai poultry farmer a useful alternative protein supplement for poultry diets rather than relying on the more expensive soybean meal. As it can be readily and successfully grown on a range of soil types and climates throughout Thailand, hedge lucerne also offers the Thai farmer a valuable additional source of income.