• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.14-14
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• 2018

This Camptotheca acuminata Decne. (CA), belonging to Nyssaceae, is a deciduous tree. and has been used as Traditional Chinese medicine since ancient times. The CA produces camptothecin a natural indole alkaloid, and reported to have anti-cancer effects. But the studies on biological activities of CA leaves are insufficient. Therefore, this study confirmed various biological activities such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiinflammatory and metabolism analysis by HPLC-MS/MS of CA leaves. The $RC_{50}$ values of DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate fraction, n-Butanol fraction, methanol extraction, water fraction and n-Hexane fraction were $12.23{\pm}0.01$, $15.93{\pm}0.42$, $55.12{\pm}0.45$, $56.29{\pm}4.15$ and $427.29{\pm}6.13ug/mL$, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ values of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity of ethyl acetate fraction, n-Butanol fraction, methanol extraction, n-Hexane fraction and water fraction were $24.29{\pm}0.14$, $47.86{\pm}0.45$, $54.23{\pm}1.21$ $466.76{\pm}2.21$ and $623.91{\pm}9.67ug/mL$, respectively. The nitric oxide release activity of n-Hexane fraction, methanol extraction, ethyl acetate fraction, water fraction and n-Butanol fraction were $31.49{\pm}5.74$, $29.79{\pm}0.71$, $26.89{\pm}0.71$, $8.24{\pm}5.83$ and $7.75{\pm}4.08%$ at 25 ug/mL, respectively. The anti-cancer activity of n-Hexane fraction, methanol extraction, ethyl acetate fraction, water fraction and n-Butanol fraction were $31.49{\pm}5.74$, $29.79{\pm}0.71$, $26.89{\pm}0.71$, $8.24{\pm}5.83$ and $7.75{\pm}4.08%$ at 25 ug/mL, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction activities showed higher biological activities than other fractions. Thus, Additional studies were conducted using ethyl acetate fraction. Metabolite analysis was performed using a LCMS-8040 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. As a result, Five compounds (1-5) were identified in the ethyl acetate fraction of the CA leave. The identification of these compounds was generated by the analysis of fragmentation methods of the negative and positive ion modes. Five compounds were identified as gallic acid (1), chlorogenic acid (2), isoquercetin (3), astragalin (4) and camptothecin (5). These results suggest that the CA leave can be used for functional materials.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1306-1310
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• 2006

Sphingomonas sp. strain SB5 could degrade carbofuran and carbofuran-7-phenol to a hydrolytic product, 2-hydroxy-3-(3-methlypropan-2-o1)phenol, and several red metabolites. However, the chemical structures of the red metabolites have largely remained unidentified. In this study, we identified the structure of one of the red metabolites as 5-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl)-2,2-dimethyl- 2,3-dihydro-naphtho[2,3-6]furan-4,6,7,9-tetrone by using mass spectrometric and NMR ($^1$H, $^{13}$C) analyses. It is suggested that the red metabolite resulted from condensation of some metabolites in the degradation of 2-hydroxy-3-(3-methlypropan-2-o1)phenol, a hydrolytic product derived from carbofuran. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to report a red metabolite in bacterial degradation of the insecticide carbofuran.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.251-258
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• 1998

Scutellaria baicalensis. G. 식물 세포의 현탁 배양에서 세포의 성장과 flavonoid glycosides 생산에 관한 구조적 성장 모텔 을 제안하였다 제안된 모델식은 현탁 배양의 형광을 측정함으 써 결정될 수 있는 세포 생존도와 세포 활동도 등플 세포의 생리학적 변수로서 고려하였다. 제안된 모델식에서는 세포의 상태에 따라 세포블 크게 생존 세포와 비생존 세포로 나누고 생존 세포를 분화 가능한 생존 세포와 비분화 생존 세포로 나누어 각 각의 모델을 구성하였다. 이 중 생존 세포 중량은 광섬유 형광 센서로 측정한 상대 형광 세가로부터 결정될 수 있었다. Flavonoid 배당체의 생산 속도는 분화 가능한 생존 세포와 바 분화 생존 세포에 의해 지배되며, 배양액의 삼투압에 의한 서l포 팽창과 세포내 생성불절의 방출은 비생존 세포에 의해 이루어진다고 가정하였다. 종속변수는 가칠농도(포도당), 세포 중량(건조 세포중량과 생체중량), 대사산물농도(flavone glycosides), 활동도와 생존도플 포함한다 Scutellaria baicalensis. G. 식물 세포 의 푹라스크 배양으로부터 모델과 실험결과가 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다. 제시된 모델은 세포의 성장, flavone glycosides 및 중간매개체 합성을 예측할 수 있다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2001

To search for cytotoxic components from Allium victoriallis , MTT assays on each extract and an isolated component, gitogenin 3-O-lycotetroside, were performed against cancer cell lines. Cytotoxicities of most extract were shown to be comparatively weak, though $IC_50$ values of $CHCl_3$fraction was found to be <31.3-368.4 $\mu\textrm{g}/ml$. From the incubated methanol extract at $36^{\circ}C, eleven kinds of organosulfuric flavours were predictable by CG-MS performance. The most abundant peak was revealed to be 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiin(1) by its mass spectrum. Further, this extract showed significant cytotoxicities toward cancer cell lies. Silica gel column chromatography of the n-butanol fraction led to the isolation of gitogenin 3-O-lycotetroside (3) along with astragalin (4) and kaempferol 3, 4'-di-O-$\beta$-D-glycoside (5). This steroidal saponin exhibited significant cytotoxic activities ($IC_50$, 6.51-36.5 $\mu\textrm{g}/ml$) over several cancer cell lines. When compound 3 was incubated for 24 h with human intestinal bacteria, a major metabolite was produced and then isolated by silica gel column chromatography. By examining parent and prominent ion peak in FAB-MS spectrum of the metabolite, the structure was speculated not to be any of prosapogenins of 3, suggesting that spiroketal ring were labile to the bacterial reaction. These suggest that disulfides produced secondarily are the antitumor principles.

• 식물병연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.170-175
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• 2010

벤질리덴아세톤은 모노테르펜 화합물로 곤충병원세균인 Xenorhabdus nematophilla K1의 대사물질이다. 본 연구는 벤질리덴아세톤을 이용하여 고추의 두 가지 주요 병해에 대한 방제 가능성이 조사되었다. 벤질리덴아세톤은 역병균 Phytophthora capsici와 탄저병균 Colletotrichum acutatum에 대해 강력한 억제능력을 가지고 있었다. 이러한 벤질리덴아세톤의 항균력은 태양이 비치는 자연조건에서 60일 이상 유지되었으며, 토양수 내에서도 상실되지 않았다. 벤질리덴아세톤을 혼합한 토양에 심겨진 고추 근권토양에 Phytophthora capsici 현탁액을 관주하였을 때, 역병 발생이 크게 감소되었다. 또한 Colletotrichum acutatum에 오염된 고추 열매 표면에 벤질리덴아세톤 용액을 살포하여 탄저병 발생을 억제할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 벤질리덴아세톤을 고추 역병과 탄저병 방제용 농약으로 개발할 수 있음을 제시하고 있다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.489-499
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• 2016

Green shoot cuttings of 10 different grapevine species were inoculated with Agrobacterium vitis to find disease-related metabolites in the grapevine. Crown galls formed 60 days after inoculation varied in gall severity (GS) evaluated by gall incidence (GI) and gall diameter (GD), which were classified into three response types as RR (low GI and small GD), SR (high GI and small GD), and SS (high GI and large GD), corresponding to resistant, moderately resistant, and susceptible responses, respectively. In this, 4, 4, and 2 Vitis species were classified into RR, SR, and SS, respectively. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the grapevine stem metabolites with A. vitis infection showed 134 metabolites in various compound classes critically occurred, which were differentially clustered with the response types by the principal component analysis. Multivariate analysis of the metabolite profile revealed that 11 metabolites increased significantly in relation to the response types, mostly at post-inoculation stages, more prevalently (8 metabolites) at two days after inoculation than other stages, and more related to SS (7 metabolites) than RR (3 metabolites) or SR (one metabolite). This suggests most of the disease-related metabolites may be rarely pre-existing but mostly induced by pathogen infection largely for facilitating gall development except stilbene compound resveratrol, a phytoalexin that may be involved in the resistance response. All of these aspects may be used for the selection of resistant grapevine cultivars and their rootstocks for the control of the crown gall disease of the grapevine.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2005

The inherent instability of metabolite production in plant cell culture-based bioprocessing is a major problem hindering its commercialization. To understand the extent and causes of this instability, this study was aimed at understanding the variability of anthocyanin accumulation during long-term subcultures, as well as within subculture batches, in Vitis vinifera cell cultures. Therefore, four cell line suspensions of Vitis vinifera L. var. Gamay Freaux, A, B, C and D, originated from the same callus by cell-aggregate cloning, were established with starting anthocyanin contents of $2.73\;\pm\;0.15,\;1.45\;\pm\;0.04,\;0.7\;\pm\;0.024\;and\;0.27\;\pm\;0.04$CV (Color Value)/g-FCW (fresh cell weight), respectively. During weekly subculturing of 33 batches over 8 months, the anthocyanin biosynthetic capacity was gradually lost at various rates, for all four cell lines, regardless of the significant difference in the starting anthocyanin content. Contrary to this general trend, a significant fluctuation in the anthocyanin content was observed, but with an irregular cyclic pattern. The variabilities in the anthocyanin content between the subcultures for the 33 batches, as represented by the variation coefficient (VC), were 58, 57, 54, and $84\%$ for V. vinifera cell lines A, B, C and D, respectively. Within one subculture, the VCs from 12 replicate flasks for each of 12 independent subcultures were averaged, and found to be $9.7\%$, ranging from 4 to $17\%$. High- and low-producing cell lines, VV05 and VV06, with 1.8-fold differences in their basal anthocyanin contents, exhibited different inducibilities to L-phenylalanine feeding, methyl jasmonate and light irradiation. The low-producing cell line showed greater potential in enhanced the anthocyanin production.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.183-187
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• 1995

일일초 모상근배양에서 세포내 인산농도와 Catharanthine 생산과의 관계를 규명하였다. 모상근의 생장은 생장배지의 인산농도에 비례하여 증가하였다. Catharanthine 함량은 인산을 첨가하지 않은 배지에서 모상근을 배양하였을 때 최대값을 나타내었고 배지내의 인산농도를 증가함에 따라 비례적으로 감소하였다. 그리고 세포내의 인산농도에 비례하여 모상근의 생장은 증가하나 catharanthine의 함량은 감소하였다. Catharanthine 함량은 g 건조세포당 인산농도가 100mole 이하일 때에 현저하게 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로 세포내 인산농도는 모상근의 생장과 이차대사산물의 조절에 중요하게 관여함을 시사한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.601-609
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• 2021

Erythrobacter species are extensively studied marine bacteria that produce various carotenoids. Due to their photoheterotrophic ability, it has been suggested that they play a crucial role in marine ecosystems. It is essential to identify the genome sequence and the genes of the species to predict their role in the marine ecosystem. In this study, we report the complete genome sequence of the marine bacterium Erythrobacter sp. 3-20A1M. The genome size was 3.1 Mbp and its GC content was 64.8%. In total, 2998 genetic features were annotated, of which 2882 were annotated as functional coding genes. Using the genetic information of Erythrobacter sp. 3-20A1M, we performed pan-genome analysis with other Erythrobacter species. This revealed highly conserved secondary metabolite biosynthesis-related COG functions across Erythrobacter species. Through subsequent secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene cluster prediction and KEGG analysis, the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway was proven conserved in all Erythrobacter species, except for the spheroidene and spirilloxanthin pathways, which are only found in photosynthetic Erythrobacter species. The presence of virulence genes, especially the plant-algae cell wall degrading genes, revealed that Erythrobacter sp. 3-20A1M is a potential marine plant-algae scavenger.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2023년도 임시총회 및 춘계학술대회
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• pp.16-16
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• 2023

Metabolomics is the study of global metabolite profiles in a system (cell, tissue, or organism) under a given set of conditions. Metabolomics has its roots in early metabolite profiling studies but is now a rapidly expanding area of scientific research in its own right. In this study, the applications of metabolomics in natural product studies are explored. Ginseng is a well-known herbal medicine and has various pharmacological effects, which include antiaging, anticancer, antifatigue, memory enhancing, immunomodulatory, and stress reducing effects. Metabolomic analysis of organic acids has not been performed for evaluation whether ginseng has been cultivated using conventional or environmental-friendly farming methods. In this study, profiling analysis was conducted for organic acids (OAs) in ginseng roots produced using conventional or environmentfriendly farming methods at five locations in each of five regions. In OA profiles, lactic acid was the most abundant OA in all regions, with the exception for environmentally friendly farmed ginseng in two of the five regions, in which glycolic acid was most abundant OA. OA profiles in all regions showed isocitric acid levels were increased by environment-friendly cultivation, which suggests metabolic differences associated from farming method, and that isocitric acid might be a useful discriminatory biomarker of environmental-friendly and conventional cultivation. The results of the present study suggest metabolomic studies of OAs in ginseng roots might be useful for monitoring whether ginseng has been cultivated using conventional or environmentally friendly farming methods.