• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.102-118
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to propose an ecological management plan by the comprehensive analysis of biotope structures on Namsan Urban Natural Park in Seoul. Classified by actual vegetation, structure of layer and vegetation damage, biotope structures were composed of forest area, compact management area, herb area, cultivated area and non-ecology(urban) area. Succession had seened to stop in the Native forest. Artifical forest was divided into two types. The first, upper layer, was too dense to accommodate lower layer plants, the other case was the appearance of Quercus spp. and the first stage plants of succession following the declination of the upper layer plants. The soil pH of Nam-san Urban Park was 4.21∼4.51, which meant the soil was becoming acid. As the result of acidity, leaching of available nutrition(K/sup +/, NH₄/sup +/, Ca/sup ++/ etc.) was immediately influenced by the natural ecosystem, influence of acid rain was disturbed to becoming organic matter which was use to plants. In the case of a biotope structure management plan, the urban area was prohibited to spread outside. Cultivated and herb area was regenerated to natural forest. In the forest area, the compact management area was maintained with its present condition, and then it is desirable to make a preservation area and to plant shrubs. Planted Pinus densiflora Community was needed to eliminate competitive species of canopy layer, and plant shrubs. Management of deciduous broad-leaved Comm. was maintained in its present conditionand it is desirable to raise the diversity of the understory and shrub layer. The management of the artifical forest seems to be suitable for Q. spp. community. The care of naturalized plants prevents the expansion and restores the structure of wild plants. The soil management was a marked restoration soil ecosystem in order to prevent soil acid and drying.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.79-90
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• 1994

This survey was ocnducted to investgate changes of the plant community structure from 1972 to 1993 in forest of Mt. Kwanak and thirty-five plots that the size of each plot was 10m${\times}$10m(100㎡) were set up and the vegetation analysis was caried out. By the TWINSPAN analysis, the plant community of survey area were divied into Quercus mongolica, Q. mongolica-Pinus densiflora(1), Q. mongolica-P. densiflora(2), Q. acutissima community. The successional trends of the woody species were seemed to be from P. densiflora, Sorbus alnifolia to Q. mongolica in the canopy layer. But the successional trends in the understory and shrub layer were difficult to suppose. The forest vegetation of Mt. Kwanak from 1972 to 1993 was severely decreased in species number and individuals. The sensitive species for the environmental pollution were selected, and the tolerant plants for the acid soil were increased. In comparision with the DBH class distribution from 1972 to 1993, it shows that the ecological succession has stopped. In the analysis of soil characteristics, soil acidification has taken place over last twenty-two years(from pH=5.40 to pH=4.53). The concentration of K+, Ca++ was severly decreased(from K+=0.60m.e./100g to K+=0.06m.e./100g, from Ca++=3.20m.e./100g to Ca++=0.63m.e./100g), which also could seemed to be cause of plant community decline.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.329-339
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• 2016

The short-term effects of low-level contamination by heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, and Pb) on the soil health were examined by analyzing soil nematode community in soils planted with tomatoes. For this, the soils were irrigated with five metal concentrations ([1, 1/4, $1/4^2$, $1/4^3$, and 0] ${\times}$ maximum concentrations [MC] detected in irrigation waters near abandoned mine sites) for 18 weeks. Heavy metal concentrations were significantly increased in soils irrigated with MC of heavy metals, among which As and Cu exceeded the maximum heavy metal residue contents of soil approved in Korea. In no heavy metal treatment controls, nematode abundances for all trophic groups (except omnivorous-predatory nematodes [OP]) and colonizer-persister (cp) values (except cp-4-5) were significantly increased, and all maturity indices (except maturity index [MI] of plant-parasitic nematodes) and structure index (SI) were significantly decreased, suggesting the soil environments might have been disturbed during 18 weeks of tomato growth. There were no concentration-dependent significant decreases in richness, abundance, or MI for most heavy metals; however, their significant decreases occurred in abundance and richness of OP and cp-4, MI2-5 (excluding cp-1) and SI, indicating disturbed soil ecosystems, at the higher concentrations (MC and MC/4) of Pb that had the most significant negative correlation coefficients for heavy metal concentrations and nematode community among the heavy metals. Therefore, the short-term effects of low-level heavy metal contamination on soil health can be analyzed by nematode community structures before the appearance of plant damages caused by the abiotic agents, heavy metals.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2012

This study compared the differences between the Dendranthema boreale and Dendranthema indicum in their habitat, soil adaptability, species composition and community structure in Korea. More D. boreale distributed than D. indicum to in the place where high elevation and on the surface of low degree slope. Both D. boreale and D. indicum growed well in south-east direction of the slope. The soil pH of D. boreale and D. indicum was 6.1 and 7.1, respectively. Ca, Mg, Na and organic matter content of the soil of D. boreale habitat was significantly lower than that of the D. indicum habitat. There were 102 and 88 taxa, in D. boreale and D. indicum habitat, respectively. Both species generally distributed along with herbs than along with trees. The important species found in D. boreale habitat were Artemisia princeps (57.1%) and Humulus japonicus (33.3%), and the D. indicum habitat were Miscanthus sinensis (42.9%) and Lonicera japonica (38.1%). The D. boreale group was classified into Artemisia princeps, Crepidiastrum denticulatum, Miscanthus sinensis, Humulus japonicus, Pueraria lobata, Lespedeza bicolor, Lonicera japonica and Rubus crataegifolius community. The D. indicum group was classified into Artemisia capillaris, Peucedanum japonicum, Boehmeria pannosa, Pinus thunbergii, Lonicera japonica, Quercus acutissima and Robinia pseudoacacia community. There is a large difference bewteen D. boreale and D. indicum in their habitat, soil adaptability, species composition and community structure.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.662-672
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• 2021

Plant growth-promoting bacteria improve plant growth under abiotic stress conditions. However, their effects on microbial succession in the rhizosphere are poorly understood. In this study, the inoculants of Bacillus mesonae strain H20-5 were administered to tomato plants grown in soils with different salinity levels (EC of 2, 4, and 6 dS/m). The bacterial communities in the bulk and rhizosphere soils were examined 14 days after H20-5 treatment using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Although the abundance of H20-5 rapidly decreased in the bulk and rhizosphere soils, a shift in the bacterial community was observed following H20-5 treatment. The variation in bacterial communities due to H20-5 treatment was higher in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soils. Additionally, the bacterial species richness and diversity were greater in the H20-5 treated rhizosphere than in the control. The composition and structure of the bacterial communities varied with soil salinity levels, and those in the H20-5 treated rhizosphere soil were clustered. The members of Actinobacteria genera, including Kineosporia, Virgisporangium, Actinoplanes, Gaiella, Blastococcus, and Solirubrobacter, were enriched in the H20-5 treated rhizosphere soils. The microbial co-occurrence network of the bacterial community in the H20-5 treated rhizosphere soils had more modules and keystone taxa compared to the control. These findings revealed that the strain H20-5 induced systemic tolerance in tomato plants and influenced the diversity, composition, structure, and network of bacterial communities. The bacterial community in the H20-5 treated rhizosphere soils also appeared to be relatively stable to soil salinity changes.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.240-248
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 선행연구를 통하여 개발된 고도처리 공정의 현장적용을 용이하게 하기 위하여 이를 개조한 retrofitting 공정을 제안하였으며, 제안된 공정을 $50m^3$/일 규모의 pilot plant 운전을 통하여 현장 평가하였다. 또한 pilot plant 내에서 미생물의 배양 상태를 확인하기 위하여 FISH 법을 이용하여 세균 군집구조를 조사하였다. 제안된 retrofitting 공정은 배양조를 별도로 건설하지 않음으로써 16%($60,000m^3$/일 규모 고도처리시설 도입 기준)의 초기건설비를 절감할 수 있는 것으로 평가되었으며, 동절기를 포함한 장기간의 pilot plant 운전을 통하여 수처리 효율과 유지관리 측면에서 현장적용성이 우수한 것으로 사료되며 방류수질 기준을 만족하는 것으로 평가되었다. 또한 pilot plant와 대조군(A2/O 공정, B 하수처리장)에서 총세균수는 큰 차이가 없으나, pilot plant의 bioreactor에 의해서 세균 군집 변화가 다르게 나타났다. 우점종은 주로 하수처리에서 중요한 역할을 하는 토양 미생물이 속한 ${\beta}$-proteobacteria group이고, bioreactor 유출수에서 유입수 대비 $25{\sim}607%$ 증가하는 것으로 확인되었으며, 이렇게 증가된 ${\beta}$-group의 미생물은 시스템 내에서 일정 농도를 유지하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.35-51
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• 2014

A phytosociological vegetation survey was conducted in July to September 2011 in order to examine the vegetation community structure in Mt. Ohseo area. It was aimed to provide basic data for the effective vegetation conservation by analyzing the importance, species diversity and community similarity of the forest community in Mt. Ohseo for each layer, followed by the classification of the actual forest vegetation. According to the cluster analysis, the community type of Mt. Ohseo was classified into a total of 4 vegetation communities: Pinus densiflora community, Cornus controversa-Quercus serrata community, Miscanthus sinensis community, and Quercus mongolica community; the vegetation type 4 showed the lowest species diversity index of 0.5236, and vegetation type-2 showed the highest species diversity index of 0.6606. The community similarity between Quercus mongolica community and Pinus densiflora community showed the highest 0.679, and the community similarity between Quercus serrata community and Pinus densiflora community and between Quercus serrata community and Quercus mongolica community showed the levels of 0.5, respectively.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2011

In application and discussion of population structure and phenotypic divergence in plant community, the classic Lotka-Volterra models of competition and spatial model are conceived as a mechanism that is composed by multiple interacting processes. Both the Lotka-Volterra and spatial simulation formulae predict that species diversity increases with genotypic richness (GR). The two formulae are also in agreement that species diversity generally decreases within increasing niche breadth (NB) and increases with increasing potential genotypic range (PGR). Across the entire parameter space in the Lotka-Volterra model and most of the parameter space in the spatial simulations, variance in community composition decreased with increasing genotypic richness. This was, in large part, a consequence of selecting genotypes randomly from a set pool.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1995

대산공단과 군산공단의 대기오염에 의한 삼림피해현상을 연구하기 위하여 조사구를 각각 5개, 3개씩 설치하였다(1개 조사구 당 면적 500$m^2$). 대산공단 삼림의 교목층 아교목층의 우점종은 소나무와 곰솔이었고 관목층에서는 진달래와 참나무류가 우점종이었다. 종다양도는 0.4859~0.9202 이었으며, 조사구간의 차이가 심하게 나타났다. 토양 pH는 4.67~5.12로 약산성이었다. 대산공단지역에서는 아직 대기오염에 의한 삼림의 피해가 심각하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 군산공단삼림의 교목층 및 아교목층의 우점종은 곰솔과 소나무이었다. 종다양도는 0.8115~l.0983이었고 오염원과 가까운 조사구가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 토양 pH는 4.32~4.76으로 강산성이었다. 군산공단의 오염원 인근삼림은 울산공단과 유사한 피해양상으로 심각한 피해를 받고 있었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.220-229
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• 2017

본 연구는 국립용현자연휴양림일대 산림의 식생조사를 통하여 산림의 군락분류와 식생구조를 연구하였다. 2014년 4월부터 9월까지 약 26개의 방형구($20{\times}20m$)를 설치하여 식생조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 신갈나무군락, 굴참나무군락, 고로쇠나무군락의 3개 군락으로 구분되었으며, 신갈나무군락은 소나무군과 전형군, 고소뢰나무군락은 회나무군과 전형군의 4개 군으로 세분되었다. 국립용현자연휴양림일대 산림식생유형은 3개 군락 4개군의 분류체계를 가졌으며, 총 5개의 식생단위로 구분되었다. 식생단위별 중요치 분석을 보면 교목 및 관목의 목본식물에서 식생단위 1은 소나무(65.1%), 식생단위 2는 신갈나무(73.6%), 식생단위 3은 굴참나무(75.1%), 식생단위 4는 회나무(33.3%), 식생단위 5는 비목나무(21.7%)가 높게 나왔으며, 초본층에서 식생단위 1은 주름조개풀(19.3%), 식생단위 2는 실새풀(16.9%), 식생단위 3은 땅비싸리(17.3%), 식생단위 4와 5는 개별꽃이 각각 14.8%, 24.7%로 높게 나왔다. 지표종 분석결과 총 33종이 유의한 종으로 분석되었다(p<0.05).