• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.237-248
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• 2008

질소를 5, 10, 30, 60 mM 수준으로 재배한 가지잎을 먹이로 점박이응애의 발육을 조사하였다. 질소 시비수준이 증가함에 따라 식물체내 N함량은 증가하였으나 K, Ca, Mg는 감소하였으며, 수분함량과 조단백질은 증가하였지만 회분, 탄수화물, 섬유소등은 감소하였다. 질소 시비수준에 따른 수량은 10 mM처리에서 주당 989.5 g으로 가장 많았고, 60 mM처리에서 가장 적었다. 잎 두께와 엽록소함량은 질소함량이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 엽편에서 실내실험 결과 식이선호성과 산란선호성은 30 mM처리에서 높았고, 5 mM처리에서 낮았다. 온실에서 정식 99일 후 자연 발생되는 점박이응애의 피해엽률은 60 mM에서 98%로 가장 높았고 방제구와 피해구의 생육은 질소농도가 높을수록 차이가 커졌다. 점박이응애의 발육은 처리 간에 경향을 찾을 수가 없었으나 엽내 질소함량이 높을수록 각 영기별 사망률은 낮아졌다. 성충의 수명은 질소함량이 높은 60 mM처리에서 암수 각각 11.9일, 6.9일로 길었다. 산란기간도, 60 mM처리에서 11.7일로 가장 길고 질소함량이 낮아질수록 짧아졌다. 산란 수는 질소함량이 높은 60 mM처리에서 144.4개로 가장 많았고, 5 mM처리에서 41.0개로 가장 적었다. 성비는 10 mM처리에서 0.75로 암컷의 비율이 높았다. $R_o$와 T는 질소수준이 높을수록 증가하였고, $r_m$과 $\lambda$는 처리 간에 경향이 없었으며, DT는 감소하였다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.136-142
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• 1985

임목(林木)과 초사료생산(草飼料生産)이라는 측면에서 임간초지개발(林間草地開發)은 우리 나라에서 중요한 과제라 할 수 있다. 본(本) 시험(試驗)은 임간혼파초지(林間混播草地)에서 생산성향상(生産性向上)과 이용기간연장(利用期間延長)을 위한 적정시비수준(適正施肥水準)을 구명(究明)하고자 수령((樹齡) $10{\sim}15$년간(年間) 소나무지대(차광정도(遮光程度) $40{\sim}50%$)에서 질소, 인산, 칼리비료의 수준을 달리한 13가지 시비수준(施肥水準)을 난괴법으로 배치하여 목초의 생육특성, 엽록소함량, 재생과 건물수량 등을 조사하였다. 1984년(年) 수원 근교 임간지에서 수행된 시험(試驗)의 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 초고(草高)와 목초피복율(牧草被覆率)은 대체로 표준비 이상의 질소시비구에서 높았으며, 3 요소 무비구와 질소무비구에서 가장 부족(不足)하였고, 최종예취후 나지율(裸地率) 질소수준이 낮을 때 높았다. 2 엽신(葉身)의 엽록색도(葉綠色度)와 엽록소함량(葉綠素含量)은 질소수준이 표준비 이상인 구에서 높았으며 3요소 무비구와 질소무비구에서 가장 낮았다. 엽부패도(葉腐敗度)와 초형(草型)은 질소수준이 높을 때 불량(不良)해지는 경향을 보였다. 3 1차(次) 예취후(刈取後) 목초(牧草)의 시기별(時期別) 재생력(再生力)은 표준비이상의 질소시용구에서 양호(良好)하였으며, 3요소무비구와 질소무비구는 재생초장(再生草長)과 재생건물중(再生乾物重) 증가속도가 가장 불량(不良)하였다.4. 목초(牧草)의 건물수량(乾物收量)은 질소수준이 표준비 이상인 구에서 많았으며 3 요소무비구와 질소무비구에서 가장 적었다(P<0.05). 본 시험에서 표준비구, 3요소 50% 증비구 및 질소 50% 증비구에서 높은 수량(收量)을 기대할 수 있었으며 세 처리간 유의차는 없었다. 5 목초(牧草)의 생육(生育), 재생(再生) 및 수량(收量)은 3요소 비료중 질소시용에 의해 가장 큰 영향을 받았으며 인산과 칼리비료의 영향은 작았다. 본(本) 시험(試驗)에서 수량(收量)위주로 볼 때 임간초지(林間草地)의 적정시비수준(適正施肥水準)은 자연광조건(自然光條件)의 일반초지(一般草地)와 마찬가지로 표준비($N-P_2O_5-K_2O=28-20-24kg/10a$)시용인 것으로 나타났으나 경제성을 고려할 때 10a당 질소는 $20{\sim}28kg$, 인산 $10{\sim}15kg$, 칼리 $12{\sim}18kg$이 적합하다고 생각된다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2003년도 Annual Meeting of KSAP : International Symposium on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences on Obesity
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• pp.63-63
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• 2003

Opuntia ficus-indicavar. saboten Makino (Cactaceae) is a tropical or subtropical plant that has been widely used as folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes, asthma, burn, edema and gastritis. The purposes of the present study were to identify antioxidant constituents from fruits and stems of the plant cultivated in Cheju island, Korea, and examine their in vitro neuroprotective activities. Using a chromatographic fractionation method, ten chemical constituents were isolated from ethyl acetate extracts. By means of chemical and spectroscopic methods, those were identified as eight flavonoids such as kaempherol (a), quercetin (b), kaempferol 3-methyl ether (c), quercetin 3-methyl ether (d), narcissin (e), dihydrokaernpferol (f), dihydroquercetin (g) and erioclictyol (h), and two terpenoids such as 3-oxo-${\alpha}$-ionol-${\beta}$-d-glucopyranoside (i) and roseoside (j). Among the isolated compounds, comrounds c~e and h~j were those reported for the first titre from the plant. Compounds b, d and g showed DPPH free radical scavenging activities with IC$\sub$50/ values of 28, 19 and 31, ${\mu}$M respectively. Compounds d and g also inhibited iron-dependent lipid peroxidation with IC$\sub$50/ values of 2.4 and 3.5 ${\mu}$M. In a primary rat cortical neuronal cell culture system, compounds b, d and g inhibited xanthine/xanthine oxidase-induced (IC$\sub$50/ values of 18.2, 2.1 and 54.6 ${\mu}$M) and H$_2$O$_2$-induced (IC$\sub$50/ values of 13.6, 1.9 and 25.7 ${\mu}$M) cytotoxicities. In addition, compounds d and g inhibited NMDA-induced excitotoxicity by 21 and 33%, and only compound d inhibited growth factor withdrawal-induced apoptosis by 31% at a tested concentration of 3 ${\mu}$M. The results suggest that the antioxidant constituents with in vitroneuroprotective activities may serve as lead chemicals for the development of neuroprotective agent.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제42권9호
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• pp.618-623
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• 2005

HTGR (High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor) is highlighted to next generation power plant for producing the clean hydrogen gas. In this study, the spherical $UO_2$ kernel via $UO_3$ gel particles was prepared by the sol-gel process. Raw material of slightly Acid Deficient Uranyl Nitrate (ADUN) solution, which has pH = 1.10 and $[NO_3]/[U]$ mole ratio = 1.93, was obtained from dissolution of $U_3O_8$ powder with conc.-$HNO_3$. The surface of these spherical $UO_3$ gel particles, which was prepared from the broth solution, consisted of 1 M-uranium, 1 M-HMTA, and urea, were covered with the fine crystallite aggregates, and these particles were so hard that crushed well. But the other $UO_3$ gel particles prepared with the broth solution, consisted of 2 M-uranium, 2 M-HMTA, and urea, have soft surface characteristics and an amorphous phase. This type of $UO_3$ gel particles is some chance of doing possibility of high density from the compaction. The amorphous $UO_3$ gel particles was converted to $U_3O_8$ and then $UO_2$ by calcination at $600^{\circ}C\;in\;4\%\;-\;H_2\;+\;N2$ atmosphere.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.169-174
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• 1998

Photosynthetic responses to dehydration were examined by the simulataneous measurement of O2 evolution and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence in green pepper leaves. Dehydration was induced by immersing the plant roots directly in the Hoagland solution containing varying concentration (2-30%) of polyethylene glycol(PEG-6000) . Water potential of the leaf was decreased time-and concentation -dependently by PEG-treatment. The decrease in water potential of leaf was correlated with the decrease in both the maximal photosynthesis (Pmax) and quantum yield of O2 evolution, but Pmax dropped more rapidly than quantum yield at all water deficit conditions tested. However, Chl fluorescence parameters were not affected much. Dehydration did not change the initial fluorescence (Fo) and maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm) of photosystem(PS) II. Both the photochemical quenching (qP) and non-photochemical quenching(NPQ) were not changed by dehydration under low PFR(50 $\mu$mols m-2s-1 ). In contrast, under high PFR(270$\mu$mols m-2s-1)qP was slightly decreased while NPQ was greatly increased. The fast induction kinetics of Chl fluroecence showed no change in Chl fluorescence pattern by dehydration at high PFR (640 $\mu$mols m-2s-1 ), but exhibited a significant drop in peak level(Fp)at low PRFR (70$\mu$mols m-2s-1 ). PS I oxidation and reduction kinetics revealed normal reduction but delayed oxidation to P-700+, suggesting no lesionin electron flow from PSII to PSI , but impaired electron transport to NADP+,These results suggest that water stress caused by PEG-treatment results in the reduction of photosynthesis, promarily due to the reducted electron trasport from PSI to NADP+ or hampered subsequent steps involving Calvin Cycle.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the international symposium on the fusion technology
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• pp.493-500
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• 2003

The effect of reductive treatment with elemental iron on the extent of mineralization by Fenton oxidation was studied for the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-l,3,5-trinitro-l,3,5-triazine (RDX) using a completely-stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The results support the hypothesis that TNT and RDX are reduced with elemental iron to products that are oxidized more rapidly and completely by Fenton's reagent. Iron pretreatment enhanced the extent of TOC removal by approximately $20\%\;and\;60\%$ for TNT and RDX, respectively. Complete TOC removal was achieved for TNT and RDX solutions with iron pretreatment under optimal conditions. On the other hand, without iron pretreatment, complete mineralization of TNT and RDX solutions were not achieved even with much higher $H_2O_2$ and $Fe^{2+}$ concentrations. The bench-scale iron treatment-Fenton oxidation integrated system showed more than $95\%$ TOC removal for TNT and RDX solutions under optimal conditions. The proposed zero-valent iron-Fenton process was evaluated with pink water from the Iowa Army ammunition plant. Results from batch and column experiments show that TNT, RDX, and octahydro-l,3,5,7-tetranitro-l,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) were completely removed from the pink water and that triaminotoluene (TAT) and ${NH_4}^+$ were recovered as products in reduction with zero-valent iron. By using an integrated system, $83.3\pm4.2\%$ of TOC was removed in a CSTR with 10 mM of $Fe^{2+}$ and 50 mM of $H_2O_2$. These results suggest that the reduction products of TNT and RDX are more rapidly and completely mineralized by Fenton oxidation and that a sequential iron treatment-Fenton oxidation process may be a viable technology for pink water treatment.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2021

This study was carried out to establish optimal conditions for breaking dormancy of Agastache rugosa O. Kuntze seeds. A series of experiments according to seed maturity and treatment with plant growth regulators were performed to improve germination percentage and synchronize germination of the seeds. In addition, it was conducted to test whether the useful effect of seed treatment before sowing leads to healthy seedling and early vigorous growth. The average seed size was 1.85 mm (length) × 0.82 mm(width). The seed size was much smaller than other vegetable seeds. Seeds colorappeared dark brown, the shape of the seeds was oval and the weight of 1,000seeds was 352.8 mg. The optimum germination temperature was 22℃. Light exposure during germination did not affect germination promotion, suggesting that A. rugosa seeds are a kind of dark germinating seeds. Seed dormancy lasted for 40 days after harvesting, and GA3 treatment of dormant seeds could break dormancy. There were significant differences in germination percentage and rate according to the maturity of seeds. The germination percentage of mature seeds was 10 - 18% higher than that of immature seeds, and germination rate was 2 days faster. GA3 treatment during growth regulator treatment improved germinability, but BAP or ethephone treatment did not. The optimal growth regulator concentration of for germination was the combination treatment of 100 mM GA3 ＋ 100 mM BAP.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.509-518
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• 2019

본 연구는 바이오에너지용 이질 3배체 억새(Miscanthus ${\times}$ giganteus) 품종육성 위한 교배재료인 물억새(M. sacchariflorus)와 참억새(M. sinensis) 출수기 단축과 단교배 조건을 구명하기 위해 수행하였다. 물억새와 참억새를 12시간 일장, 자연일장 조건에서 재배하여 출수기 단축에 미치는 단일효과를 조사하였다. 출수기에 일중 화분 발아시간, 절단한 화분친 이삭 활력 유지 및 격리방법 등 단교배 조건을 구명하여 이를 활용한 억새의 자가수정 여부를 조사하고 시험교배를 실시하였다. 참억새와 물억새 모두 12시간 일장의 단일조건에서 재배한 것이 자연일장에 재배한 것에 비해 출수 소요일수가 단축되었다. 화분 발아시간은 물억새는 오전 6시에 왕성하였으나 시간이 경과할수록 발아율이 낮아져 오전 8시에는 10% 이하만 발아하였다. 참억새 화분은 오전 7시에 50% 이상이 발아하였고 그 이후로 낮아졌다. 화분친인 참억새 이삭을 절단하여, 절화 보존액에 꽂아 백색 부직포로 격리하였을 때 절화 보존액량이 많을수록 활력 유지 일수가 증가하여 150 mL에서 물억새, 참억새 모두 7일간 개화 및 화분 비산을 지속하였다. 이 때 화분 발아율은 참억새와 물억새 모두 4일까지 40%를 유지하였다. 참억새와 물억새는 자가수정율이 2.5% 이하로 낮고, 자연교잡 임실율은 출수기가 빠른 유전자원에서 54.4%까지 높았다. 억새 종간교배 방법 효과 확인을 위해 물억새 4배체와 참억새 2배체 간 14조합 시험교배 결과 총 437립의 교배종자를 얻었다. 본 연구로 도출된 억새 종간 단교배 방법은 우수한 종자친과 화분친으로 교배종자를 얻을 수 있어 향후 바이오매스 수량이 많으면서, 종자가 맺히지 않은 이질 3배체 품종육성에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 1973

Korean ergot sclerotia which were collected from Agropyron semicostatum $N_{EES}$, Miscanthus sinensis $A_NDERS$ var. purpurascens $R_{END}$, M. sacchariflorus $B_{ENTH}$. et HOOK,. M. sinensis $A_{NDERS}$., Eulalia speciosa $O.{\;}K_{UNTZ}$, Themeda triandra $F_{ORSK}$. var. japonica $M_{AKINO}$, and Phalaris arundinacea L. were investigated for their alkaloid constituents. Quantitative determinations of alkaloids were carried out using a modified procedure of van $U_{RK}$ and $M_{ICHELON}-K_{ELLEHER}$ methods. The results showed that the two ergots from Agropyron semicostatum and Phalaris arundinacea contained total alkaloids up to 0.137 per cent. The alkaloids of these two ergots are mostly water-insoluble alkaloids. The ergots parasitizing Reed Canary grass was found to contain both water-soluble and water-insoluble alkaloids. The TLC and PPC tests for the ergot alkaloids from Agropyron semicostatum and Phalaris arundinacea revealed that they contain at least two alkaloids, respectively, and that the ergot from Themeda triandra $F_{ORSK}$. var. japonica has one. The lipid contents of the seven ergots ranged from 13 to 29 per cent.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.964-971
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• 2009

In this paper, activated sludge settling was characterized based on field trip and zone settling tests. Plants used for this study include 5 conventional activated sludge processes and 3 A2O type treatment processes. The treatment capacities are in the range from 12,000 to $250,000m^3$/day. Total number of zone settling tests were 188 set and SVI values representing settling characteristics were from 100 to 300 mL/g. It was found out that zone settling velocity of these examined plant sludges can be approximated by mean values calculated by Keinath and Daigger/Roper models. Based on these three models, solid flux analysis were carried out in order to compare design criteria ($3.96{\sim}6.04kg/m^2-hr$) recommended by Korea Sewage Facility Design Guideline with two models used in USA. The results show that design criteria are only applicable for normal condition in settling characteristics (below SVI 100 mL/g). Solid flux analysis of surveyed plants indicates that most of the plants are operated underload conditions except several plants experiencing poor sludge settling problem. Most of the plants are operated under high sludge blanket depths (SBD).