• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1519-1526
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• 2010

The behavior of peptide or protein solutes in saline aqueous solution is a fundamental topic in physical chemistry. Addition of ions can strongly alter the thermodynamic and physical properties of peptide molecules in solution. In order to study the effects of added ionic salts on protein conformation and dynamics, we have used the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the behavior of Staphylococcus aureus Hfq protein under two different ionic concentrations: 0.1 M NaCl and 1.0 M NaCl in presence and absence of RNA (a hepta-oligoribonucleotide AU5G). Hfq, a global regulator of gene expression is highly conserved and abundant RNA-binding protein. It is already reported that in vivo the increase of ionic strength results in a drastic reduction of Hfq affinity for $Q{\beta}$ RNA and reduces the tendency of aggregation of Escherichia coli host factor hexamers. Our results revealed the crucial role of 0.1 M NaCl Hfq system on the bases with strong hydrogen bonding interactions and by stabilizing the aromatic stacking of Tyr42 residue of the adjacent subunits/monomers with the adenine and uridine nucleobases. An increase in RNA pore diameter and weakened compactness of the Hfq-RNA complex was clearly observed in 1.0 M NaCl Hfq system with bound RNA. Aggregation of monomers in Hfq and the interaction of Hfq with RNA are greatly affected due to the presence of high ionic strength. Higher the ionic concentration, weaker is the aggregation and interaction. Our results were compatible with the experimental data and this is the first theoretical report for the experimental study done in 1980 by Uhlenbeck group for the present system.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 1992

Studies were conducted to determine the combined effect of uniconazole [(E) -1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4, 4-demethyl 2-(1,2,4 triazol-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol] and silver thiosulfate $[Ag {(S_2O_3)}^3\;_2-]$ (STS) on reduction of ozone injury in tomato plants(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. 'Pink Glory'). Plants were given a 50ml soil drench of uniconazole at concentrations of 0, 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 mg/pot at the stage of emerging 4th leaf. Two days prior to ozone fumigation, STS solution contained 0.05% Tween-20 was also sprayed at concentrations of 0, 0.3 and 0.6 mM. Uniconazole at 0.01 mg/pot and STS at 0.6 mM were effective in providing protection against ozone exposure(20h at 0.2ppm) without severe retardation of plant height and chemical phytotoxicity, respectively. Combined treatment with uniconazole, STS significantly reduced ozone injury at the lower concentration than a single treatment with uniconazole or STS. Uniconazole treatment reduced plant height, stem elongation and transpiration rate on a whole plant level and increased chlorophyll concentration. STS did not give any effect on plant growth and chlorophyll content but increased transpiration rate in non-ozone-fumigated plants. Ethylene production in the leaves of ozone-fumigated plants was decreased by uniconazole and STS pretreatment, but there was no protective effect on epinasty of leaves in uniconazole-treated plants. STS increased ethylene production in non-ozone-fumigated plants, but it significantly reduced the degree of epinasty and defoliation of cotyledons when plants were exposed to ozone. Uniconazole slightly increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities. But STS showed little or no effects on such free radical scavengers. Day of flowering after seeding was shortened and percentages of fruit set were increased by uniconazole treatment. STS was highly effective on protecting reduction of fruit set resulting from ozone fumigation. These results suggest that combined use of uniconazole and STS should provide miximum protection against ozone injury without growth retardation resulting in yield loss.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.233-239
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• 2005

The aerial parts of Gomphocarpus sinaicus Boiss. yielded four flavonoids that were identified as isorhamnetin 3-O-rhamnoglucoside (1), luteolin-7-O-glucoside-3-O-rhamnoside (2), rutin (3) and rutin-7-O-rhamnoside (4). All of the isolated flavonoids were identified by spectroscopic methods (UV, FAB-MS, $^1H-NMR\;&\;^{13}C-NMR$) and in comparison with the literature data. The isolated flavonoids 1, 2 and 4 are reported here for the first time from Gomphocarpus sinaicus Boiss. Three sets of experiments were carried out using the defatted alcoholic extract of Gomphocarpus sinaicus Boiss: the $1^{st}$ experiment indicated that the $LD_{50}$ was 49.82 mg/100 g b.wt. of intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected mice. The toxic signs were recorded within the first 24 hr post-injection. The $2^{nd}$ experiment revealed that the extract of the plant exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects in normal rats. The $3^{rd}$ experiment was found that the tested doses of the extract in diabetic rats induced a significant decrease in serum glucose, AST, ALT, triglycerides, cholesterol and LDL, while HDL caused a significant increase.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.628-635
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• 2002

Five terpenes (1~5), three fatty acids (6~8), two sterols (9 and 11), and a monogalactosyldiacyl glycerol (10) were isolated from the methylene chloride extract of the aerial part of Cirsium setidens. Their chemical structures were determined to be $\alpha$-tocopherol (1), 25-hydroperoxycycloart-23-en-3$\beta$-o1 (2), 24-hydroperoxycycloart-25-en-3$\beta$-o1 (3), mokko lactone (4), transphytol (5), 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid (6), 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (7), hexadecanoic acid (8), acylglycosyl $\beta$-sitosterol (9), (2R)-1, 2-O-(9z, 12z, 15z-dioctadecatrienoyl)-3-O-$\beta$-D-galactopyranosyl glycerol (10) and $\beta$-sitosterol glucoside (11) by spectral evidences. Compound 3 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines with its $ED_{50}$ values ranging from 2.66 to 11.25 $\mu$M.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 2017

This study was carried out to establish a proper cultivation site and to diagnose the drought tolerance of Heracleum moellendorffii leaves by using pressure-volume curves. As a result of analysing data measured, the leaf of H. moellendorffii showed the osmotic pressure at full turgor (Ψ_o^sat) was -1.0MPa, and that at incipient plasmolysis (Ψ_o^tlp) -1.2MPa. Then, the value of maximum bulk modulus of elasticity Emax was 28MPa, showing the sightly strong drought tolerance of H. moellendorffii. Furthermore, the values of relative water contents RWC^tlp and RWC^* were above 88%, showing that the function of osmoregulation is somewhat better. Thus, responses to water relations such as Ψ_o^sat, Ψ_o^tlp, E_max, RWC^tlp and RWC^* of H. moellendorffii showed it's slightly high drought tolerance property.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.227-233
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• 2007

We characterized a full-length cDNA of CaCOP1 from pepper. Phylogenetic analysis based on the deduced amino acid sequence of CaCOP1 cDNA revealed high sequence similarity to the COP1 gene in Oryza sativa (84% identity). CaCOP1 shares high sequence identity with regulatory protein in Arabidopsis (84%), constitutively photomorphogenic 1 protein in Pisum sativum (81%) and COP1 homolog in Lycopersicon esculentum (79%). CaCOP1 gene exists single copy in the chili pepper genome. Expression of CaCOP1 was reduced in response to inoculation of non-host pathogens. The expression of this gene under abiotic and oxidative stresses was investigated, including 200 mM NaCl, 200 mM mannitol, cold ($4^{\circ}C$), 100 ${\mu}M$ abscisic acid (ABA), and 10 mM hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$). CaCOP1 was induced significantly 3 h after low temperature treatment but not by dehydration or high salinity. Moreover, CaCOP1 was not induced by plant hormone ABA. These observations suggest that CaCOP1 gene plays a role in abiotic stress and may be belong to ABA-independent regulation system.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.154-162
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• 1985

We report a newassay method on the measurement of the catalase activity, whose utilzation value is considered to be remarkable in the field of plant biochemistry. We named this method as a De-Coupling method. The essence of de-coupling method is the separation between the enzyme reaction and the indicator reaction. The optimum condition of the enzyme reaction was found to be following: on addition of 1 ml of substrate (H2O2: 20mM) to the fixture of the crude extract of enzyme (volume: 0.2 ml) and the ammonium phosphate buffer (volume: 1.8 ml; 0.93 M phosphate, 1.6M NHB, 2.5 M methanol, pH 7.0). After 30, 60 and 90 seconds of the enzyme reactions are proceeded, the reactions are terminated by 25% of tai-chloro-acetate (final concentration of 5%), respectively. The precipitated materials by tai-chloro-acetate was removed by the centrifugation (2000g, 10minutes). Formaldehyde produced in the enzymatic reaction was reacted with 2ml of acetylacetone (60mM). The indicator reaction -(HANTSCH REAKT10N)- in which lutidine is formed, was proceeded for 60 minutes at $25^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1295-1304
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• 2013

This study was carried out to evaluate the physicochemical properties and perform a feasibility analysis of planting material composed of topsoil from river improvement and non-improvement areas. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of topsoil from river improvement areas were on the average sandy loam~loamy sand in soil texture, 5.6~6.8 in pH, 0.01~0.06 dS/m in EC, 0.9~2.1% in OM, 0.02~0.12% in T-N, 8~14 $cmol^+/kg$ in CEC, 0.01~0.08 $cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $K^+$, 2.55~11.11 $cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $Ca^{2+}$, 0.34~2.06 $cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $Mg^{2+}$, and 3~396 mg/kg in Av. $P_2O_5$. And non-improvement areas showed on average sandy clay loam~sand in soil texture, 5.7~6.7 in pH, 0.02~0.08 dS/m in EC, 0.9~4.4% in OM, 0.02~0.23% in T-N, 7~18 $cmol^+/kg$ in CEC, 0.01~0.08 $cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $K^+$, 3.81~12.67 $cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $Ca^{2+}$, 0.60~1.95 $cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $Mg^{2+}$, and 3~171 mg/kg in Av. $P_2O_5$. Meanwhile, the results of an applied valuation of topsoil- based planting were as follows. Ex. $K^+$ levels were low grade in all survey areas. OM was low grade in 12 improvement areas and 11 non-improvement areas. Av. $P_2O_5$ levels were low grade in 10 improvement areas and 10 non-improvement areas. T-N was low grade in six improvement areas and four non-improvement areas. Ex. $Mg^{2+}$ levels were low grade in two improvement areas.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.27-27
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• 2019

본 연구는 멸종위기 아고산수종 구상나무의 보존 복원을 위한 유전다양성을 고려한 표본추출전략을 구명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 2019년 9월에 한라산 영실 집단($14,000m^2$)에서 총 152개체를 대상으로 선발된 10개의 nSSR 마커를 이용하여 유전다양성 및 공간적 유전구조를 분석하였다. 평균 유전다양성은 관찰된 대립유전자수(A)가 7.2개, 유효대립유전자수($A_e$)가 3.6개, 이형접합도 관찰치($H_o$)가 0.528, 이형접합도 기대치($H_e$)가 0.595이며, 고정지수(F)는 0.071 이었다. 조사구내 구상나무 성목 152개체는 평균 수고 3.6 m, 흉고직경 17.3 cm로 나타났다. 구상나무의 개체목간 평균거리는 3.94 m, 임분밀도는 700 본/ha 이며 개체의 공간적 분포는 임의분포 형태로 나타났다. 구상나무의 유전변이에 대한 공간적 자기상관성(spatial autocorrelation) 분석 결과, 조사구의 구상나무는 약 15 m 이내에서 분포하는 개체들 간 유전적 유사성이 있게 분포하는 것으로 나타났으며 임분밀도가 높고 수고가 낮은 특성으로 인하여 비교적 작은 유전군락이 형성된 것으로 사료된다. 결과적으로 영실의 구상나무 집단의 보존 복원을 위한 표본추출전략은 15 m의 간격을 두고 개체를 선발하는 것이 타당한 것으로 나타났다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2007

Alcoholic extract of Spathodea campanulata P. aerial parts, and two of the isolated fractions from celite column showed strong antioxidant activity (92, 94 & 89% RSA, Radical Scavenging Activity). Phytochemical investigation of chloroform/EtOAc faction of this column led to the isolation of phenolic acids, caffiec acid (1), and ferulic acid (2), fraction EtOAc/MeOH on further fractionation afforded 3 Flavonoids, kampferol 3-O-glucoside (3), quercetin 3-methyl ether (4) and 8-methoxy kampferol 3-O-glucoside (5). The isolated constituents were identified by co chromatography with authentic samples, TLC, PC., UV, MS and $^1H-NMR$. Also the lipoidal matter of the plant was studied. The unsaponifiable matter was found to be mixture of hydrocarbons from $(C_{14}-C_{28})$, cholesterol, campasterol, stigmasterol, and ${\alpha}-amyrin$. Fatty acid methyl esters were found to contain 12 fatty acids. The fatty acids containing $C_{18}$ farmed ca.65% of the total mixture.