• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 1975

Effects of air pollutants on vegetation were reviewed and discussed with special reference to sulfur dioxide. Main contents were on the sources, meteorological factors, injury symptoms, relative sensitivity, growth/yield, indicator/diagnosis, combined effects, injury mechanism and effects on plant metabolism, injury diminishing measures, and future research needs.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2010년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 2010

Rhizobacteria are a diverse group of free-living soil bacteria that live in plant rhizosphere and colonized the root system. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) possessing ACC deaminase (ACCD) can reduce ACC and ethylene in plant tissue and mediated the growth of plants under various stresses including salt stress. ACCD decrease ethylene levels in plant tissue that produce high levels of ethylene in tissue via elevated levels of ACC under salt stress. We selected strains of Pseudomonas sp. possessing ACCD activity for their ability to promote plant growth under salt stress from soil sample collected at Byeonsan, Jeonbuk, South Korea. The Pseudomonas strains possessing ACCD increased the rate of the seedling and growth of chinese cabbage seeds under salt stress. We cloned ACCD gene from P.fluorescens and expressed recombinant protein in Escherichia coli. The active form of recombinant ACCD converted ACC to a-ketobutyrate. The in vivo treatment of recombinant ACCD itself increase the rate of the seedling and growth of Chinese cabbage seeds under salt stress. The polyclonal P.fluorescens anti-ACCD antibody specifically reacted with ACCD originated from Pseudomonas. This indicates that the antibody might act as an important indicator for ACCD driven from Pseudomonas exhibiting plant growth-promoting activity. This study will be useful for identification of newly isolated PGPR containing ACCD and exploioting the ACCD activity from PGPR against various biotic and abiotic stresses.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.101-105
• /
• 1996

Several attempts have been made to protect crops against injury from herbicide quinclorac residue in soil. In this experiment, a selection of suitable crops for bioassay of the residue and a reduction of phytotoxicity by treatment with active carbon were carried out to prevent or to counteract the phytotoxicity. Cucumber (Cuumts satims) and kidney bean (Phaseolus Mgaris) were the suitable indicator plant in points of a sensitivity to the herbicide residue and an easy cultivation. The phytotoxicity was able to be observed at 20 and 30 days after seeding on kidney bean and cucumber respectively. In pot trials, application of the active carbon at 50 kg/10a protected effectively the 2-year-old ginseng plant from the injury in a paddy soil where the herbicide had been treated at 3 g a. i./10a.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.65-70
• /
• 1996

1. 배양액의 EC(mS/cm)와 배양액의 수분포텐셜은 직선적인 관계가 있고, EC의 증가는 배양액의 수분포텐셜 저하로 나타났으며 이에 따라 상위엽의 수분포텐셜이나 침투포텐셜이 변화하는 경향을 보였다. 2. 물리화학, 열역학적인 지표가 되는 수분포텐셜($\phi$w)은 배양액 뿐만 아니라 식물의 근, 경, 엽 및 과실에서의 수분 상태를 동일 단위로 나타내는 것으로 식물의 생장을 제어할 때 유일한 지표인 것으로 나타났다. 3. 배양액의 수분포텐셜 저하에 따라 상위엽의 수분포텐셜이나 침투포텐셜이 저하하는 경향을 보였다. 4. 배지내 Cu 농도가 5$\mu\textrm{m}$이상으로 되면 생육, 지상부의 생체중, 지하부의 건물중, 엽록소 함유율이 동시에 급격히 저하하는 경향을 보였다. 5. 배지내 Cu 농도의 증가에 따라서 생장율의 저하가 나타났으며 생장율의 저하에 따라 상위엽의 수분포텐셜이 저하하는 경향을 보였다. 팽압은 처리에 관계없이 거의 일정하게 나타나 팽압과 배지내 배양액의 Cu 농도 스트레스간에는 직접적으로 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 수분포텐셜($\psi$w)은 식물신장, 세포신장을 수적으로 표현하는 것이 가능하다. 수원이 되는 용액이나 배지, 식물체를 동일 단위(㎫)로 관찰하는 것이 가능해 식물체의 수분생리적 비교 검사를 위한 유효한 방법으로 생각되었다.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.310-315
• /
• 1989

식물의 잎에 세균성 정무늬병을 야기시키는 식울 병원성균인 Pseudomonas syringae pv. tuhaci는 tabtoxin 이라는 phytotoxin 을 생성하는데 이 toxin을 미생물학적으로 간편하게 검색하는 방법플 여러가지 지시균주를 사용하여 각족 배지에서 검토하였다. Minimal A agar medium에서는 tabtoxin 검색에 Agrobactcrium tumefaces가 가장 유용한 균주였으며 minimal glucose agar m$\varepsilon$dium 에서도 역시 마찬가시의 견과를 얻였다 Complex agar medium 에서는 사용된 모든 지시균주에 대해 증식저지환이 형성되지 않아, tabtoxin이 생성되지 않음알수 있었다. 배양온도에 따른 tabtox의 생성능은 $20^{\circ}C$ 빛 $30^{\circ}C$ 에서 최적이였으며 배양시간이 경과함에 따라 tabtoxin 생성량이 증가 하였다. Glutamine을 minimal glucose agar medium에 첨가하여 tabtoxin 에 대한 지시 균주의 반응은 첨 가한 glutamine 의 양이 증가할수록 tabtoxin에 의한 생육억제가 감소함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.271-278
• /
• 2011

The allelopathic effects of Lantana camara L. (Family:Verbenaceae) on germination and seedling establishment of some agricultural crops and weed species have been identified. Aqueous extracts of dry leaves and contaminated soil where L. camara is grown were used to verify allelopathic effect on seed germination of five bioassay species; Raphanus sativas, Capsicum annum, Lycopersicum esculantem, Crotalaria juncia and Chromoleana odorata. Fifty seeds from each bioassay species were placed in a petri dish containing leaf extracts or contaminated soil, and seed germination were examined after 3 days. The plant house experiments were carried out to evaluate the impact of L. camara contaminated soil and leaf debris using L. esculantem as the indicator plant. Seed germination of L. esculentem, C. junica and Capsicum annum was significantly inhibited by L. camara contaminated soil. However, the degree of inhibition varied among the bioassay species. The aqueous extract of dry leaves of L. camara was highly phytotoxic and it significantly reduced seed germination of all bioassay species. There was a decline in plant height, leaf area and shoot dry weight of tomato only in early growth stages when grown in L. camara contaminated soils. However, incorporation of leaf debris into soil affected the vegetative growth of tomato in early stages when the leaf debris concentration was increased. Growth recovered at the latter part of the life cycle. On the basis of these results it can be concluded that the allelochemicals in L. camara contaminated soils are harmful to the seed germination of crop species. The adverse effect was present only during the early growth stages and it did not suppress the latter part of the plant growth. These responses are attributed to allelopathic effects which need confirmation under field conditions.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.215-222
• /
• 2008

Multilocation trials on 36 rice(Oryza sativa) genotypes of 3 different maturity groups were conducted at four different locations of Orissa for 3 years and 30 ragi(Eleusine coracana) genotypes of 2 different maturity groups were evaluated in three environmental conditions for 3 years. Grain yield data were subjected to stability analysis following linear regression model to estimate adaptability and stability parameters, i.e. b, and $S^2d$ Stability of performance of genotypes was also estimated by two other stability parameters viz., ecovalence W and AMMI stability value ASV. The rice and ragi genotypes of different duration groups showed wide variation in their mean yield, b, $S^2d$, W and ASV parameters. Seeds of the 36 rice and 30 ragi genotypes were treated with 500 and 100 ppm aqueous solution of maleic hydrazide(MH) for 24 hours, respectively to study MH-sensitivity. Sensitivity of genotypes to MH treatment was estimated in terms of seedling growth inhibition index(SGI). The rice and ragi genotypes showed wide differences in their MH-sensitivity in terms of SGI. Relationship of MH-sensitivity of genotypes with their yielding ability, adaptability and stability of performance was tested by contingency $x^2$ test. Low sensitivity of rice and ragi genotypes to MH in terms of SGI appeared to be good indicators of high yielding ability of genotypes. Also, low and high MH-sensitivity of genotypes would be a good indicator of better adaptability to rich and poor environments, respectively, in ragi but not in rice. Low MH-sensitivity of genotypes could be the good indicator of stability of yield performance in rice but not in ragi.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.233-239
• /
• 2017

Drosophila melanogaster is a useful model organism that offers essential insights into developmental and cellular processes shared with humans, which has been adapted for large scale analysis of medically important microbes and to test the toxicity of heavy metals, industrial solvents and other poisonous substances. We here give a brief review of the use of the Drosophila model in medical mycology, discuss the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by the opportunistic human pathogen, Aspergillus fumigatus, and give a brief summary of what is known about the toxicity of some common fungal VOCs. Further, we discuss the use of VOC detection as an indirect indicator of fungal growth, including for early diagnosis of aspergillosis. Finally, we hypothesize that D. melanogaster has promise for investigating the role of VOCs synthesized by A. fumigatus as possible virulence factors.

• Plant Resources
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2000

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of new alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments, often requiring up to a year or more. One solution for reducing autotoxicity would be to select germplasms or cultivars with tolerance to the autotoxic chemical(5) and use genetically breeding program. Bioassay of seed germination and early seedling growth was conducted to evaluate autotoxic responses of 3 varieties of alfalfa to the water-soluble extracts(at 4 and 8g/L) from alfalfa ‘Cody’leaf by using agar and filter paper medium in a petri-dish assay. Root length at 5 days after seeding was more sensitive to the extract than was hypocotyl length or seed germination, and was a better parameter of autotoxic effects of alfalfa leaf extracts. Use of an agar medium gave better sensitivity of root length than did use of filter paper. Evaluating tolerance with percent of control was more important indicator than was mean of root length because of significant variation among varieties in root length of control treatment. Bioassay ranked varieties in the following order of tolerance on the basis of relative root length; “Cody” >“ Pioneer 5373” >“ Alfagraze”. Seedling growth from old “Cody” seed was more sensitive to the autotoxic chemical(5) than was that from newly produced seed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제50권7호
• /
• pp.1088-1098
• /
• 2018

Kori unit #1, which is the first commercial nuclear power plant in Korea, was permanently shutdown in June 2017, and it is about to be decommissioned. Currently in Korea, researches on the decommissioning technology are actively conducted, but there are few researches on workers internal exposure to radioactive aerosol that is generated in the process of decommissioning nuclear power plants. As a result, the over-exposure of decommissioning workers is feared, and the optimal working time needs to be revised in consideration of radioactive aerosol. This study investigated the annual exposure limits of various countries, which can be used as an indicator in evaluating workers' internal exposure to radioactive aerosol during pipe cutting in the process of decommissioning nuclear power plants, and the growth and dynamics of aerosol. Also, to evaluate it, the authors compared/analyzed the cases of aerosol generated when activated pipes are cut in the process of nuclear power plants and the codes for evaluating internal exposure. The evaluation codes and analyzed data conform to ALARA, and they are believed to be used as an important indicator in deriving an optimal working time that does not excess the annual exposure limit.