• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2015

In order to get basic data for flood plain restoration, we surveyed the woody vegetation in Korean natural rivers and analyzed the species' characteristics with regards to patterns of richness and diversity. These characteristics were higher in hard wood forests than those in soft wood forests, such as Salix spp. community. Futhermore, they were the highest in the Prunus sargentii-Pinus densiflora community(H' 1.095), and the lowest in the Carpinus laxiflora community(H' 0.118) among the hard wood forests. Species' richness diversity were the highest in the Salix gracilistyla community, but the lowest in the S. koriyangi community or S. koreensis community among the soft wood forests. With regards to the dominant index, just one community is over 0.9, 13 communities are between 0.3-0.7 and 15 communities are less than 0.3. The Salix koreensis community was the highest at 0.931, and Prunus sargentii-Pinus densiflora community was the lowest at 0.13. Species' richness and diversity was significantly correlated with tree layer coverages and degree of slope. These results mean that in order to increase plant species diversity in flood plains planted hard woody trees, such as oaks and fir, are needed to suit environmental conditions with steeper slope and lower canopy coverage.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2016

PURPOSE. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of full-coverage all-ceramic zirconia, lithium disilicate glass-ceramic, leucite glass-ceramic, or stainless steel crowns on antagonistic primary tooth wear. MATERIALS AND METHODS. There were four study groups: the stainless steel (Steel) group, the leucite glass-ceramic (Leucite) group, the lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (Lithium) group, and the monolithic zirconia (Zirconia) group. Ten flat crown specimens were prepared per group; opposing teeth were prepared using primary canines. A wear test was conducted over 100,000 chewing cycles using a dual-axis chewing simulator and a 50 N masticating force, and wear losses of antagonistic teeth and restorative materials were calculated using a three-dimensional profiling system and an electronic scale, respectively. Statistical significance was determined using One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (P<.05). RESULTS. The Leucite group ($2.670{\pm}1.471mm^3$) showed the greatest amount of antagonist tooth wear, followed by in decreasing order by the Lithium ($2.042{\pm}0.696mm^3$), Zirconia ($1.426{\pm}0.477mm^3$), and Steel groups ($0.397{\pm}0.192mm^3$). Mean volume losses in the Leucite and Lithium groups were significantly greater than in the Steel group (P<.05). No significant difference was observed between mean volume losses in the Zirconia and Steel groups (P>.05). CONCLUSION. Leucite glass-ceramic and lithium disilicate glass-ceramic cause more primary tooth wear than stainless steel or zirconia.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.141-150
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• 1998

This study was conducted to find out the possibility of seeding of Zoysia japonica and woody plants for the revegetation of rock-exposed-cutslopes by Natural Topsoil Restoration Methods (NTRM). The 5cm thick layer of artificial soil was attached at rock-exposed cutslopes for the growth of Zoysia japonica and native woody plants by NTRM. The main results were summarized as follows. 1. Artificial soil attached at rock-exposed-slopes by NTRM was not eroded until recovered by Zoysia japonica and native woody plants. It shows extremely low soil erodibility. 2. One year later after seeding, woody plants show 100% ground coverage. But, in early stage, they grew more quickly at northwest slopes than at southeast slopes. 3. In seeding of Zoysia japonica, it grew more quickly at southeast slopes than at northwest slopes. Also, it grew better at lower part of the slopes than at middle part of the slopes. 4. After one year from seeding, the height of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Indigo/era pseudo-tinctoria were longer than any other plants. The next were Albizzia julibrissin, Lespedeza cuneata and wild flowers. The tree height of Rhus chinensis shows 28cm length, so it has enough possibility to be used for roadside revegetation works. 5. Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Indigo/era pseudo-tinctoria show different importance values according to slope aspect. But, they show tendency to outweigh the other plants at all slope-aspects. 6. Most of the plants seeded by NTRM were germinated well and they covered rock-exposed-slopes so quickly and effectively. Thus it leads to conclusion that the revegetation methods used in this experiment was a very effective methods to recover rock-exposed-slopes by seeding of zoysia japonica and native woody plants.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.1719-1727
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 스마트 교육 관련 기술 개발의 일환으로 태블릿 기기와 전자칠판 시스템간의 연동 기술에 대해 연구하였다. 이를 위해 우선적으로 태블릿 기기와 전자칠판 시스템 상에서 강의 자료 관리, 페이지 전환 및 기본적인 판서가 가능한 판서 소프트웨어를 구현하였다. 그리고 이들 판서 소프트웨어들 간에 제어 정보 및 판서 정보를 주고받기 위한 데이터 포맷을 정의한 다음 소켓 프로그래밍을 통해 두 디바이스 간에 실시간 양방향으로 연동하는 기능을 구현하였다. 그 결과로 태블릿 기기 상에서의 페이지 전환 이벤트나 판서 정보는 전자칠판 시스템에 실시간으로 전달되어 대형 스크린에 디스플레이 되고, 반대로 전자칠판에서의 이벤트나 판서 정보는 태블릿 기기에 실시간 표출이 된다. 태블릿 기기와 전자칠판 시스템간의 양방향 연동 기능의 성능을 응답 오류율, 지연시간 및 통신 커버리지 측면에서 자체 평가를 실시하고, 필드테스트를 통해 실제 교육 환경에 적용 가능한 우수한 성능임을 입증하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.534-539
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• 2006

The supply of oxygen for aeration is the largest energy consumer at activated sludge wastewater treatment plants. Replacement of less efficient aeration systems with fine pore aeration devices can save up to 50 percent of aeration energy costs. The purpose of this study was the diagnosis and evaluation of a domestic wastewater aeration system by the off-gas method which had been studied by US EPA and ASCE. For this study, an off-gas analyzer and its hood were made to collect off-gas. Also, a vacuum pump was connected to the analyzer to make suction of off-gas. Experiments were conducted at a domestic activated sludge wastewater treatment plant which had a single spiral roll aeration system installed with P.E tube diffuser. Data on OTE(f), SOTE(pw), OUR, and air flow rate were obtained from these experiments. In case of replacing an aeration system, it is recommended that it should be replaced with perforated membrane disc or ceramic disc fine bubble diffusers installed in a full floor coverage or grid pattern.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.771-775
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• 2010

전라북도 장수군 오미자 자생지 토양 및 환경특성을 평가하기 위해 식생, 입지환경 및 토양조사를 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 오미자는 고도 500~700 m의 준산간지 산록 북서쪽 방향의 계곡에 자생하고 있으며, 경사도는 17.6~36.4%, 토층은 마사토와 부엽토가 쌓여 배수가 용이한 지반이 형성된 지역에 주로 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 오미자 자생지 식물상은 34과 55종으로 나타났다. 갯버들은 거의 모든 조사지점에서 분포하였으며, 칡, 싸리, 옻나무, 쑥과 같은 식물의 세력이 자생지 내에서 왕성한 것으로 나타났다. 오미자 자생지 토양의 화학적인 지표는 우리나라 일반 오미자 인공재배 토양과 비교시 식물영양물질이 풍부하고 완충능력이 더 우수한 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 오미자 인공재배 적지분석 및 기후변화에 따른 재배지역 이동에 따른 재배기술 확립시 자생지 토양특성을 고려한 합리적인 토양관리가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.185-195
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• 2018

서울시에서 시민들이 사용하는 미세먼지 앱은 위치기반으로 자신의 위치에서 가장 가까운 측정소의 미세먼지 농도를 제공받는다. 현재 환경부에서 고려하는 미세먼지 측정망 선정 방법은 측정소의 분포 및 인구밀도를 고려한 방식과 지도상의 표현방식이 주 결정방법이나 인위적인 변수 및 다른 환경요인을 고려하지 않는다. 본 연구에서는 미세먼지 측정소와 행정동의 대표성을 보여주는 행정동 중심점을 활용하여 측정소와 동중심의 거리에 대해 분석하였으며, 측정값을 제공하는 측정소의 개수를 확인하였다. 또한 보로노이 알고리즘과 헥사곤 격자를 활용하여 각 측정소의 제공범위를 면적으로 나타내며 현 측정소의 공간적인 위치의 문제점을 지적하였다. 공간분석을 위한 환경변수는 단독주택, 공동주택, 제1종 근린생활권, 제2종 근린생활권, 쓰레기처리장, 위험물처리시설, 공장이며 분석결과로 만들어진 신규 측정소 위치는 기존의 환경부에서 제공하는 선정기준이 아닌 추가적인 변수를 고려한 선정기준을 제시하였다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2011

우리나라의 전력분야 제어시스템은 보안에 우수한 폐쇄형 네트워크로 운영되고 있어 보안피해의 심각성을 대체로 인지하지 못하고 있다. 앞으로 스마트그리드 사업이 지속적으로 확대되면 스마트미터에서부터 발전소에 이르기까지 다양한 형태의 사이버공격이 이루어질 수 있다. 향후 스마트미터를 통해 발전소에서 가정집까지의 전체 전력망이 연결되면 보안은 더욱 중요한 요소가 될 것이다. 본 연구에서는 스마트그리드 환경 즉, 외부의 혹독한 환경과 전국적인망에서의 안정적 데이터 전송과 외부로부터의 침입방지를 위해 필요한 가상사설망(VPN) Gateway 구조를 설계 및 구현하였다. 본 연구를 통해 완성된 시제품으로 기 운영 중인 상용제품과 다양한 방식으로 연동 테스트를 시행하였으며, IPSec 방식의 터널링과 ARIA 암호화 알고리즘을 통한 암호화를 통해 전력선통신(PLC) 저압원격검침 분야에 시범 설치되어 보안이 강화된 데이터통신을 하고 있다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.195-206
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• 2022

Gaining an understanding of bird communities in different habitat types is essential for the conservation of ecologically important habitats. Wetlands possess different types of habitats and provide an important environment for wintering waterbird communities. This study compares avian communities in five different habitat types in the Moeyungyi Wetland Wildlife Sanctuary (MWWS), Myanmar. From December 2014 to the first week of February in 2015, bird and habitat data were collected from representative areas of five habitat types (i.e., short grassland, tall grassland, lotus fields, open water areas, and rice fields) at MWWS. We established nine sampling plots in each habitat type, and used the point quadrat method to survey habitats and the point count method to survey birds in the habitats. Simple one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc tests were used to determine differences between bird communities. We made 95 detections during 19 daily visits to each of the five habitat types. During the survey period, we recorded a total of 10,389 individuals belonging to 52 different bird species, based on 7-min observations at each of the 45 point count stations. Furthermore, we detected significant differences by habitat structure (i.e., vegetation coverage, height, and density; water depth; and plant species diversity) as well as bird communities (i.e., species richness, abundance, and diversity indices). In addition, the detailed analysis of 52 avian species revealed significant differences among 45 species with respect to the mean numbers of observed individuals in the survey habitats. The findings of this study revealed significant differences in the structure and composition of waterbird communities among the five assessed habitat types. Because natural marshes provide preferable habitats for a larger number and greater diversity of birds, relative to rice fields, natural marshes should be prioritized for conservation and restoration in Moeyungyi Wetland Wildlife Sanctuary.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2023

The current study aims to analyze the vegetation characteristics of the rocky slopes in expressway applied by different types of greening work. A field survey on the current status of vegetation were conducted in 50 rock slopes along 13 expressways in two years, 2020 to 2021. Specifically, the type of implemented greening and slope stabilization work, the soil properties, the vegetation coverage, and the emerged species were investigated on a every single slope. As the result of the implemented work types, the soil-media hydroseeding and the gabion work appeared to be the most implemented greening and slope stabilization work, respectively. As a result of the vegetation survey, 126 classification groups (42 families, 93 genera and 126 species) were identified in total and it was observed 26 IAP species and 5 invasive species were growing. The longer the time after greening work, the more frequent appearance of IAP species were observed. Woody species such as Robinia pseudoacacia and Lespedeza bicolo, and perennial herbs such as Artemisia princeps, Erigeron annuus, and Festuca arundinacea were appeared with high frequencies at the rocky slopes in expressway. It was also observed Pinus densiflora, Quercus dentata, Rubus crataegifolius and Miscanthus sinensis which had invaded from the adjacent forests naturally, and the largest number of species were invaded between 5~10 years usually after greening work in this study.