• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Metabolic risk factors should be managed effectively in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to prevent or delay diabetic complications. This study aimed to compare the self-management levels of diet and metabolic risk factors in patients with T2DM, according to the duration of illness, and to examine the trends in self-management levels during the recent decades. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data were collected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES, 1998-2014). In our analysis, 4,148 patients with T2DM, aged ${\geq}30years$, were categorized according to the duration of their illness (< 5 years, 5-9 years, and ${\geq}10years$). Demographic and lifestyle information was assessed through self-administered questionnaires, and biomarker levels (e.g., fasting glucose level, blood pressure, or lipid level) were obtained from a health examination. Dietary intake was assessed by a 24-recall, and adherence level to dietary guidelines (meal patterns and intake levels of calories, carbohydrates, vegetable/seaweed, sodium, and alcohol) were assessed. Multivariable generalized linear regression and unconditional logistic regression models were used to compare the prevalence rates of hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension according to the duration of patients' illness, accounting for the complex survey design of the KNHANES. RESULTS: In the multivariable adjusted models, patients with a longer duration (${\geq}10years$) of T2DM had a higher prevalence of hyperglycemia than those with a shorter duration of T2DM (< 5 years) (odds ratio 2.20, 95% confidence interval 1.61-3.01, P for trend < 0.001). We did not observe any associations of disease duration with the prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia. In addition, the adherence levels to dietary recommendations did not significantly differ according to disease duration, except adherence to moderate alcohol consumption. There were significant decreasing trends in the prevalence of hyperglycemia in patients with a duration of illness ${\geq}10years$ (P for trend = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Although the proportion of patients with adequate control of glucose levels has improved in recent decades, poorer self-management has been found in those with a longer disease duration. These findings suggest the need for well-planned and individualized patient education programs to improve self-management levels and quality of life by preventing or delaying diabetic complications.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.973-979
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• 2005

The present study was planned to examine the effect of different feeding regimens on milk urea concentration and milk protein concentration. The objectives are to describe the diurnal variations of milk urea (MU) concentration and to predict plasma urea (PU) concentration from MU concentration. Six lactating Murrah buffaloes were distributed in two groups and were fed two different diets in a crossover design. The diets consisted of leguminous crops as diet 1 (berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum)+concentrate mixture 1+wheat straw)) and non-leguminous crops as diet 2 (oats (Avana sativa)+concentrate mixture 2+wheat straw). All the diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Each diet was fed to the animals for a period of 28 days, followed by a 10 day gap to obviate the carry over effect of the previous diet and then a switch over to the other diet. Digestibility trials were conducted on the last 7 days of each feeding period. Milk samples were collected on day 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24 and 28 of the feeding period and blood samples were collected on the same day at morning within 30 minutes after morning milking. The average milk urea (MU) values (mg/dl) differed significantly (p<0.01) and were 44.83${\pm}$0.62 and 42.53${\pm}$0.73, respectively, for diets 1 and 2. Milk urea concentrations (mg/dl) also varied (p 0.01) among the days of feeding period, but were stabilized after 10th day of feeding period. In contrast, diets and days of feeding period had no significant effect on percent milk protein. Plasma urea concentration showed a significant (p<0.01) positive correlation (r = 0.93) with MU concentration. To predict the PU from MU the following equation was developed 'PU = 10.67${\pm}$0.76${\times}$MU (mg/dl) with $R^2$ = 0.87'. A clear diurnal variation of MU was found with lowered morning value (42.04${\pm}$0.68 mg/dl) than the evening value (45.32${\pm}$0.66 mg/dl). Present findings suggested that MU or PU concentration could be used as an indicator to monitor the feeding strategy. Plasma urea can be predicted from MU, whenever interpretation of milk urea data required consideration of diurnal variation.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2013

Objectives To investigate the pattern of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in patients with bipolar disorders managed by lithium or valproic acid. Methods The study participants were 106 patients with DSM-IV bipolar disorders receiving planned maintenance treatment at the Mood Disorders Clinic of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (aged between 17 and 64, mean duration of follow-up = 875.65 days). Using the bipolar disorder registry, thyroid function data were analyzed to assess the frequency of and the risk factors for SCH in patients managed by lithium (n = 64) or valproic acid (n = 42) for more than 5 months. Results Overall frequencies of SCH were 20.3% (13/64) in the lithium group, 14.3% (6/42) in the valproic acid group, and between the two groups there is no difference (p = 0.43). No differences were observed in the potential risk factors for SCH between the two groups including age, sex, subtype of bipolar disorder, baseline TSH, and concomitant antipsychotic use. In cases with SCH, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) showed a tendency to increase at 3 month after the initiation of lithium or valproic acid. A gradual increase in the number of patients showing SCH was found within the first 3 years of medication. Conclusions With regular monitoring and careful assessment, there was no difference in the risk of SCH between lithium and valproic acid maintenance. The risk of mood stabilizer-associated SCH may gradually increase within 3 years following the commencement of medication, thereby mandating close monitoring for the first 3 years of treatment. Further studies with large sample size would be needed to confirm these findings.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.6475-6482
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 형태초점 교수법과 오류수정 피드백이 영어 구문 학습에 효과적인지를 살펴보고, 이에 대한 학생들의 반응을 파악하기 위함이다. 연구 참여자들은 필수과목인 영어회화 강좌를 수강하는 8개 분반의 초급수준의 대학교 1학년 학생 122명이다. 이들 여덟 개 분반을 무작위로 세 그룹 즉 시각적 입력강화 집단(TIE group), 출력강화 집단(DICT group)과 통제집단(CG group)으로 나누어 사전 사후 평가 및 설문조사를 실시하였다. SPSS 21.0 for Window 프로그램을 사용하여 형태초점 교수법과 오류수정 피드백의 효과와 학생들의 영어수업에 대한 인식과 태도의 변화를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 본 연구에 활용된 형태초점 교수활동인 입력강화 및 출력강화 활동과 오류수정 피드백 모두가 학생들이 문법형태에 대한 지식을 향상시키는데 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 실험집단 모두가 형태초점 교수법과 오류수정 피드백에 긍정적인 인식과 태도를 보였고, 실험에 참여한 모든 학생들이 짝 활동(pair work)을 선호하였다. 또한, 통제집단(CG group)을 제외한 대부분의 시각적 입력강화 집단(TIE group)과 출력강화 집단(DICT group) 학생들은 영어수업에 대한 만족과 흥미를 보였던 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 실험 결과에 의거하여, 한국의 EFL 학습 환경에 있는 학생들의 영어 학습에 대한 개인적인 선호도를 고려하여 짝 활동 (pair work)의 형태로 목표문법형태 학습에 적절한 형태초점 교수법을 적용할 것을 제안한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.425-436
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• 2019

본 연구는 보육교사의 아동학대 신고의도에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되는 변수들을 중심으로 독립잠재변인을 구성하고 계획행동이론에 기초하여 잠재변인들 간의 관계구조로 연구모형을 설정하여 어떠한 요인이 영향을 미치고 신고의도가 어떠한 경로로 결정되는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 C지역의 67개 어린이집에 근무하는 보육교사를 대상으로 편의표집 하였으며, 235명을 연구 대상으로 분석하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 본 연구에서 제안한 연구모형은 측정모형 분석과 구조모형 분석을 통해 보육교사의 아동학대 신고의도를 설명하기에 적합한 모델인 것으로 확인 되었다. 둘째, 보육교사의 아동학대 지식은 신고의도를 설명하는 중요한 요인이며, 신고의도에 직접적인 연향을 미치고, 태도를 매개로 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 보육교사의 신고에 관한 태도는 신고의도를 가장 강하게 예측할 수 있는 직접적인 요인인 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 보육교사의 주관적 규범과 신고 의도는 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 보육교사의 지각된 행동통제는 신고의도에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 근거로 보육교사의 아동학대 신고율 향상을 위한 기초 자료를 제시하였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 1983

수종별(樹種別) 생육온도(生育温度) 범위(範圍)를 조사분석(調査分析) 하므로써 조림예정지(造林豫定地)에 대한 올바른 수종(樹種) 선택방법(選擇方法)을 제시(提示)하고자, 30년간(年間)의 일(日) 평균기상자료(平均氣象資料)를 이용(利用)하여, 생육기(生育期)(3~10월(月))의 일(日) 평균기온합계(平均氣温合計), 일(日) 평균상대습도합계(平均相對濕度合計), 일(日) 평균일조시간합계(平均日照時間合計)와 휴면기(休眠期)(11~2월(月))의 일(日) 평균기온합계(平均氣温合計), 일(日) 평균상대습도합계(平均相對濕度合計), 일(日) 평균(平均) 최저기온합계(最低氣温合計)를 조사(調査)하여 우리나라 지도(地圖)에 등지선(等指線)으로 표시(表示)하였다. 조림예정지(造林豫定地)에 대한 생육기(生育期) 일(日) 평균기온합계(平均氣温合計)와 휴면기(休眠期) 일(日) 평균최저기온합계(平均最低氣温合計)를 추정(推定)하기 위하여 우리나라를 6개(個) 지역(地域)으로 나누어, 각각(各各) 이에 상응(相應)하는 추정식(推定式)을 다중회귀직선식(多重回歸直線式)으로 유도(誘導)하였다. 정대현(鄭臺鉉)과 이우철(李愚喆)의 우리 나라 수목(樹木)의 수직(垂直) 및 수평분포표(水平分布表)를 기준(基準)으로 수종별(樹種別) 생육범위(生育範圍)를 일(日) 평균기온합계(平均氣温合計)와 일(日) 평균최저기온합계치(平均最低氣温合計値)에 의하여 나타냈다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2013

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to systematically review the background of the Korean distribution promotion policy and distribution adjustment policies along with related regulations and policies. Research design, data, and methodology - Domestic distribution policy and relevant laws were examined through a review of existing research literature. The results of the development process of the domestic distribution policy, promotion policies, and adjustment policies are summarized below. Results - The results are summarized as follows. First, the purpose of the development of the domestic distribution promotion policy was to strengthen the competitiveness of the small and medium business industry through structural advancement of the small and medium industry. By expanding the managerial base for the small and medium industry, a new balance could be created in the national economy. There was a requirement for an early assistance policy for small and medium businesses as a base of these businesses in the distribution industry developed from their original model of catering to a traditional market of retail shops. Since 1996, there was a need for this early assistance policy due to the expansion and rapid growth of large scale stores causing a change in the consumption pattern for distribution markets and the decline of large enterprises. Second, the government supports small and medium business distribution through distribution promotion policies by supporting an organization promoting small business and supporting innovation in the distribution system. Third, in 1961 a business mediation system was established to protect small and medium industries. The Small and Medium Business Administration advises conglomerates to postpone acquisitions, restrain expansion of the business, or to reduce business scale if small businesses undergo an adverse effect such as decreasing demand because large companies are expanding into their areas. Fourth, the Distribution Adjustment Policy managed large-scale store regulation as follows: ① limitation on construction by urban planning ordinance, ② limitation on location based on traffic impact assessments, ③ regulation based on business guidelines by chiefs of autonomous bodies, ④ regulation on mandatory holidays and limitation of business hours. This large-scale store regulation is a policy introduced by authority to increase competitiveness of small and medium business distribution by the government. Conclusions - As discussed in this study, the distribution promotion policy and distribution adjustment policy are government distribution policies focused on the protection of the small and medium distribution businesses. This study is timely, since it was planned when the strengthening of the revisions of the Distribution Industry Development Act, aimed to protect small and medium retailers and merchants, was under discussion. The significance of this study is that it offers insights for the development of new policies in the future and an opportunity to consider the background of the distribution policy by the government.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2007

지역간 철도통행은 열차종별로, 요일별로 또는 거리구간대별로 다양한 특성을 가지고 있으며, 각 구간별로 제공되는 교통 서비스나 경쟁요인에 따라 이용수요에 차이를 보이게 된다 따라서 지역간 철도내부의 서비스 및 경쟁요인의 변화는 결과적으로 차종별 분담률에 영향을 주는 요인이 된다 본 연구에서는 지역간 철도통행에서 역간 수요의 차종별 분담률에 영향을 주는 요인으로서 열차운영계획과 밀접한 관련이 있는 빈도, 차내 시간 그리고 운임변수를 고려하여 다항로짓모형을 추정하고, 모형을 이용한 예측치와 실제 통행량을 비교함으로써 모형의 적정성을 검토해 보았다. 지역간 철도에서 역간 수요의 차종별 분담률은 빈도와 차내 시간이 차종선택에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었으며 열차운영계획의 매우 중요한 고려대상임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 일반적으로 철도수요가 요일별 특성이 뚜렷하지만 역간 수요의 차종별 분담률은 요일별 특성을 보이지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 효율적인 열차운영계획의 수립과 철도서비스 구축을 위한 기반을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대되며, 다양한 전략적 정책적 해석이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1-24
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• 1998

There exists a general consensus in Korea that patients tend to concentrate in large hospitals and this tendency is partly responsible for inefficiency in health services. The process of choosing a medical care provider for health care services and evaluating the provider after utilization seems to involve many diverse factors to become very complex. Therefore a systemsatic study is needed to achieve sufficient understanding of the proeess. For this point of view, this study investigates patient's selection of medical care institution for delivery care services and their evaluation of the institution after delivery. In more specific, the objectives of the study are twofold: 1) to identify the factors associated with expectant mothers' choice of type of medical care institution for delivery among tertiary hospitals, general hospitals, small hospitals, and clinics: and 2) to understand the factors affecting patient evaluation of the medical care institution after delivery. The data used for the analysis were collected through face-to-face interviews with those women who had childbirth during the period from January 1, 1996 to the date of interview in February 1998. The survey was conducted using preqared structured questionnaire in Seoul. The sample was drawn from each of arbitrarily defined four regions of Seoul, Northeast, Northwest, Southeast and Southwest, in proportion to the number of births reported in 1996 in each of them. The distribution of the interviewed women by educational level was made similar to that of mothers of new babies reported in 1996. The sample size was planned to be about 300, but ended up with analytical sample of 319. Major conclusions emerged from the analysis can be summarized as follows: 1) Large hospitals were evaluated as much better for technical quality than other types of institutions, whereas they were compared similar to or worse for other attributes. And it was found that technical quality of care is considered as the most important condition of medical care institution for delivery, while the amount of direct cost is considered as the least important one. Taken together, the utilization of large hospitals is not likely to decrease even though they cannot give satisfaction to patients in other aspects than technical quality. 2) The activeness in the search for information affected the respondents' evaluation of medical care institutions, which would influence their later decision or recommendation to other persons as to the choice of source of health care services. Therefore, increased efforts should be directed to improving availability of useful and correct information for patients in relation to the utilization of health care services. 3) Since the findings of this study were obtained from the analysis of delivery care services, their applicability to other kinds of services may be limited. Thus it would be useful to conduct a comparative study of several kinds of services explicitly taking into account the characteristics of those services in the analysis.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2004

원전에서 발생된 중$.$저준위 방사성 폐기물의 경우 처분장으로 이송되기 이전에 드럼에 대한 세부적인 정보 특히 핵종 재고량에 대한 평가가 수행되어야 한다. 그러나 드럼처리된 방사성폐기물의 경우 평가 대상 핵종 농도에 대한 예측이 어려운 것이 일반적이다. 따라서 이를 극복하고자 직접측정이 어려운 경우 척도인자 방법을 활용하고 있다. 국내의 경우 1996년부터 고리원전에서 척도인자 개념이 적용된 핵종분석장치를 운영해오고 있다. 그러나 고리원전에 적용된 척도인자의 경우 많은 개선의 여지가 남겨져 있다. 따라서 현재 척도인자의 향상을 위한 연구가 진행 중에 있다. 본 논문에서는 연구의 범위에 대한 개략적인 소개와 핵종 재고량 평가 방법 중 보다 신뢰할 수 있는 평가 방법을 찾고자 통계적인 척도인자 평가 방법을 비교 평가했으며 이를 통해 고리원전에 사용된 산술평균 방법을 기하평균 방법으로 바꾸는 것이 예측의 정확성을 향상시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 드럼내 핵종 재고량의 과대평가를 막고 합리적인 보수성을 유지할 수 있음을 알수 있었다.