• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.263-289
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• 2017

New mathematics textbooks for elementary school students are under development according to the 2015 national revised curriculum. Not only contents but also framework of textbooks may be interesting to the mathematics educators and researchers. Considering the high dependency on textbooks in elementary classrooms, the influence of the framework of textbooks in mathematics learning cannot be overlooked. The unit and lesson frameworks of the textbook are important because they are directly related to the quality of mathematic lessons, especially when teachers make a lesson plan based on the unit and lesson frameworks of the textbook. This study is to analyse the unit and lesson frameworks of elementary school mathematics textbooks and to find out elementary school teachers' preference about its analysed key points. For longitudinal analysis, we selected 3rd-grade mathematics textbooks of 5th, 6th, 7th, the 2007, and the 2009 national revised curriculums. For horizontal analysis, we selected 3rd-grade mathematics textbooks of Korea, Japan, United States and Finland. We compared unit and lesson frameworks of various textbooks, and abstracted key elements of the textbook frameworks, and constructed survey questions. Looking at results from survey questions based on analysed key points, we were able to grasp the teachers' preference for unit and lesson frameworks for mathematics textbook. Based on the results of this study, some implications for the development of framework for new mathematics textbooks are suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2016

Estimating the repair and reinforcement (R&R) costs for each bridge member is essential for managing the life cycle of a bridge using a bridge management system (BMS). Representative members of a bridge were defined in this study, and detailed and representative R&R methods for each one were drawn in order to develop a systematic maintenance cost model that is applicable to the BMS. The unit cost for each detailed R&R method was established using the standard of estimate and historical cost data, and a systematic procedure is presented using an integration program to enable easy renewal of the R&R unit cost. Also, the average unit cost of the representative R&R methods was calculated in the form of a weighted average by considering the unit cost and application frequency of each detained R&R method. The appropriateness of the drawn average unit cost was reviewed by comparing and verifying it with the previous historical unit cost. The suggested average R&R unit cost can be used to review the validity of the required budget or the appropriateness of the R&R performance cost in the stage to establish the bridge maintenance plan. The results of this study are expected to improve the reliability of maintenance cost information and the rationality of decision making.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2014

The public's access to the disposal facilities should be restricted during the institutional control period. Even after the institutional control period, disposal facilities should be designed to protect radiologically against inadvertent human intruders. This study is to assess the effective dose equivalent to the inadvertent intruder after the institutional control period thorough the GENII. The disposal unit was allocated with different kind of radioactive waste and the effects of the radiation dose to inadvertent intruder were evaluated in accordance with the institutional control period. As a result, even though there is no institutional control period, all were satisfied with the regulatory guide, except for the disposal unit with only spent filter. However, the disposal unit with only spent filter was satisfied with the regulatory guide after the institutional control period of 300 years. But the disposal unit with spent filter mixed with dry active waste could shorten the institutional control period. So the institutional control period can be reduced through the mixing the other waste with spent filter in disposal unit. Therefore, establishing an appropriate plan for the disposal unit with spent filter and other radioactive waste will be effective for radiological safety and reduction of the institutional control period, rather than increasing the institutional control period and spending costs for the maintenance and conservation for the disposal unit with only spent filter.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2010

Since 2004, the government has changedthe cost estimate system to one of an actual cost basis in order to calculate the optimum construction cost by reflecting changes in circumstance on the construction site in a timely manner. Currently, this is being applied to public construction work forover a billion won of actual cost data in estimation by contract unit cost. However, directly reflecting actual cost, which for large-sized construction work was originally an average unit cost, to a small building, entails the application of a low discount rate for the cost of materials, labor, etc. and therefore can frequently give rise to cases in which the actual cost of work performed exceeds the contract sum, which in turn causes problems such as decreased revenues, bad effectson business operation, productivity, etc. Therefore, to apply actual cost to small-sized construction work (less than a billion won), there should be a plan to modify unit cost in a manner that can reflect project scale, etc. in order to resolve the problem of unit cost application of actual cost to small-building construction projects. The unit cost modification model for proper actual construction cost in small-scale construction projects developed by this study will help to increase the relevant productivity and proper gain, preventing the aggravation of business operations. Organizations placing orders are also expected to be able to secure a more realistic construction cost in arranging the budget.

• Land and Housing Review
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2011

Recently, the construction of U-City or of U-City service (U-service) in many kinds of urban development projects becomes the general trend. However, as the construction of U-city comes into the spotlight like the trend of the times, various service constructions are being indiscreetly implemented since it's processed focusing on local specialized projects or local landmark project by a local autonomous entity or an institute in charge being off the original purpose of the improvement of living quality of residents and the efficiency of urban management, which causes a number of problems on the process, maintenance, operation and management of those projects. Therefore, this study is to derive the standard pattern of U-service construction through the analysis of patterns and numbers of U-service and problems during the process of construction in domestic U-City construction case district, and is aimed to suggest the reasonable direction of service construction based on this. 11 projects areas in which data related to U-service are available among U-City construction project areas were selected for the subjects of this study, and it's standardized with 228 detailed unit services that were suggested by U-Eco City R&D and with 11 service domains that are regulated in "the Act of ubiquitous city construction etc.", and it is limited to services that were suggested in U-City case area of which design was completed by July, 2010 based on this. The actual state of various U-service construction is analyzed through case studies as well as reviews on the legal and theoretical concept and the method of pattern classification of U-service, the plan for the standardization (pattern classification) of U-service and the plan for the construction body of service and to share the costs are suggested as the plan to construct reasonable U-service based on this for the method and the procedure of this study For the method to construct U-service, the plan to classify the pattern of U-service into the basic service and additional service is suggested, and whether it has the publicity, whether urban infrastructure is included, whether utilities are included, the body of realization, the recipients, the urgency, the importance and the spreading, etc. are suggested for the index to determine the pattern of service. The method to get the executor of a project to construct the basic service, the method to get the executor of a project to construct the most basic service among the group classification of service and to get a private entity and a local autonomous entity to perform additional service in the future, and the method to construct the whole service and to distribute the construction costs were suggested, and the first one that determines the body of construction after dividing U-service into the basic service and the additional service was evaluated to be the most reasonable one. And the plan to solve the problem that the excessive construction costs of U-service are shifted onto the executor of a project through benefit principle, balanced distribution principle and consultation and mediation between the interested parties was suggested for the criteria to share the costs.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2014

This study aims to derive street design alternative which can be applied to residential area as the functions of land use have been changed. The main findings are as follows; First, the study area in this research is on the process of the functional transition from full residential use to residential-commercial mixed use with cafes and restaurants. Second, dead-end streets in residential areas needs to be widened in order to meet the increasing needs of pedestrians and cars. One of the suggested strategies is to remove fences on the dead-end streets. Third, based on the main findings, this research can suggest following policies. Citizen participation is necessary in building land use plans and space design in old residential areas. Citizens can participate in architectural and landscape contracts, district-unit plan with the help of experts such as urban planners and architects.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2007

The PDCA (Plan, Do, Check and Act) cycle is often used in the field of quality management. Recently, business environments have become more competitive, and the due time of products has shortened. In a short production run process, to increase efficiency of management, the necessity for distinguishing the PDCA design that starts with PLAN and the CAPD design that starts with CHECK has been clarified. Starting from Duncan (1956), there have been a number of papers dealing with the economic design of control charts from the viewpoint of production run. Some authors (Gibra, 1971; Ladany and Bedi, 1976; etc.) have studied the economic design for finite-length runs; other authors (Crowder, 1992; Del Castillo and Montgomery, 1996; etc.) have studied the economic design for short runs. However, neither the PDCA nor the CAPD design of control charts has been considered. In this paper, both the PDCA and CAPD designs of the $\bar{\x}$ chart are defined based on Del Castillo and Montgomery's design (1996), and their mathematical formulations are shown. Then from an economic viewpoint, the optimal values of the sample size per each sampling, control limits width, and the sampling interval of the two designs are studied. Finally, by numerically analyzing the relations between the key parameters and the total expected cost per unit time, the comparisons between the two designs are considered in detail.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2010

Purpose: In this paper, we have dealt with problems of army supply system for eyeglasses and improvement plan. Methods: We collected the latest service request of MND (Ministry of National Defence) and case of U.S. Army and analyzed the data. Results: We treated contents, construction methods and plans for efficient use of vision DB (database) for Korean Army. We suggested several alternative proposal for eyeglasses supply system which made possible quicker delivery of eyeglasses to the soldiers and increase satisfaction. Conclusions: The Korean Army must construct vision DB to service high quality vision service to the solider. It is urgent that the Korean Army set up a unit to take charge of vision management and service. And the Korean Army need to upgrade supply system for eyeglasses.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.67-81
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• 2008

Last decade, IT industry in Korea has been developed greatly. The game industry as an international leader has given good value added to its country. Game industry is one of the speedy improved one and it showed over 20% of growth rate from 2002. Most distressings in Game industry, there are no established costing system in spite that there should be in emerging market. In 2004, Game Contents Costing Model using Mission and Event was developed and also the study of Game Elements weight was done in 2005. The cost of Game Contents can be calculated by GEP and its unit price. The study of Game Contents Sizing Model was done in 2005. The costing of Game Contents by single Game Element which represents software which is one of 3 Game Elements-plan, graphic and software-and it is counted by mission and event. If the software element only can not well represent Game Contents volume, we can include plan and graphic elements for Game Contents costing. And we can say above two methods as a costing model of Game Contents. In this paper, these models were tested empirically and proved as usable.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.474-484
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• 2011

This study presents how a professional development program (PD) of K-12 teachers affects participants' use of the earth system approach and their perceptions of using the urban environment for their science teaching and lesson unit development. This study utilized mixed methods to collect and analyze the data. Eleven urban teachers' pre-post lessons (45 lessons) were analyzed quantitatively using a lesson plan analysis tool, modified by the author, and their lesson reflections were analyzed qualitatively. The findings of this study show that the PD program influences the teachers to choose more topics and content knowledge based on the earth system approach and to assess the topics and content knowledge with more appropriate methods. Specifically, the teachers use more urban environmental factors/topics in their post lesson to teach the environmental topics of urban area. However, according to the statistical analysis of pre-and postlesson plan scores, the accuracy of the earth system knowledge that participants used in their lessons did not change significantly (p<0.05) (Table 4), which means that the PD program did not affect the improvement of the teacher's content knowledge in earth system science. Implications of this study are discussed.