• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current level of sleep quality among Korean middle-school students using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and to analyze the factors influencing sleep quality. Methods: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and a self-report questionnaire. The participants were 744 middle-school students. The questionnaire included the PSQI and health-related questions, such as the types of diseases they had been diagnosed with and the frequency of hospital admissions. The data were analyzed using the independent t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and linear multiple regression. Results: The global PSQI score was 4.21, which indicated good sleep quality. The major factors that were associated with the sleep quality of middle-school students were the number of diseases they had been diagnosed with (β=.54, p=.001) and atopic dermatitis (β=.32, p=.001). In addition, asthma and the frequency of hospital admissions were significant factors influencing each component of the PSQI. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that sleep quality was associated with several health-related factors. Thus, nurses, school nurses, and nursing researchers may need to assess the health-related factors associated with adolescents' sleep quality as part of efforts to improve their sleep quality.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.188-194
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• 2016

Purpose: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is ambiguous and enigmatic oral condition. Sleep disturbance is one of the most prevalent complaints of patients with chronic pain. The aim of this study was to estimate general sleep characteristics and propensity in patients with BMS. Methods: A total of thirty BMS patients and thirty healthy control subjects were investigated. Self-reported measures of sleep quality were conducted using two widely used methods; the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Holm method with 95% confidence interval and p<0.05 significant level. Results: BMS patients showed more poor sleepers than those in control subjects in both ESS and PSQI test. BMS patients also showed statistically significant poorer sleep quality compared with control subjects in both test. When BMS group were divided into three groups on the basis of numeric rating scale, the higher score subjects had, the more mean rank they had in the PSQI. Conclusions: BMS patients showed up poor sleep characteristics and propensity than control group, and they also showed the more severe the pain was, the worse the sleep quality was.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2013

목 적: 수면 문제는 지속적으로 성인의 자살 위험 요인으로 보고되어왔고 최근에는 청소년을 대상으로도 그 가능성이 보고되고 있다. 본 연구는 과거의 자살 행동 유무에 따라 대상군을 분류하여 이들 사이의 자살위험요인과 수면양상을 비교하고 자살위험요인으로써의 수면의 가능성을 평가해 보았다. 방 법: 고등학생 561명(남 271명, 여 290명)을 대상으로 자살위험행동 체크리스트, Center for Epidemiological Study-Depression(CES-D), Symptom Checklist-90-Revision(SCL-90-R) 불안, 공격성 하위척도, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)가 시행되었다. 결 과: 46명(8.1%)이 자살시도 목적으로 자기 위해 행동을 한 경험이 있었고, 181명(32.4%)은 자살사고 경험만을 보고했다. 334명(59.5%)은 과거 자살위험행동(사고, 시도)을 보이지 않았다. 자살 위험군은 학교 폭력, 물질남용, 인터넷 중독, CES-D, SCL-90-R, PSQI에서 비자살 위험군에 비해 유의하게 점수가 높았다. 로지스틱 회귀분석의 결과 자살위험행동은 우울, 스트레스와 상관성을 보였고, PSQI에서는 수면 잠복기, 주간기능장애에서 상관성을 보였다. 일원분산분석(ANOVA, Analysis of variance)에서는 자살 시도군에서 수면 잠복기의 연장, PSQI 지수의 증가가 가장 심하게 관찰되었다. 결 론: 수면문제는 청소년군의 자살위험행동과 높은 연관성을 보인다. 특히 수면 잠복기, 주간기능장애가 자살위험행동의 중요한 인자일 것으로 여겨진다. 추후 부모, 교사, 의료인들에 의한 청소년의 수면에 대한 지속적인 평가와 관리를 권장하는 바이다.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2011

목 적 : 본 연구는 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증후군 환자에서 수면무호흡지수, 수면관련 척도, 기분관련 척도, 그리고 수면중 신체활동도 간의 연관성을 보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증후군을 보이는 122명(평균연령 $43{\pm}11$세)의 남자환자를 선정하였다. 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증후군 진단은 수면무호흡지수>5인 경우로 하였고, 수면무호흡지수의 평균은 $39.6{\pm}26.0$이였다. 수면관련척도로 Stan-ford Sleepiness Scale(SSS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale(E-SS), Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), Morningness-Ev-eningness Scale(MES)이 사용되었고, 기분관련척도로 Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) I, II, Profile of Mood States(POMS)가 사용되었다. 수면중 활동도를 측정하기 위해 양측 손목에 손목 액티그라프(wrist actigraphy, WATG)를 착용한 채 1일밤 야간수면다원검사(nocturnal polysom-nography, NPSG)를 시행하였다. WATG에서 산출된 지수는 총활동도(total activity score), 평균활동도(mean activity score) 및 분절지수(fragmentation index)였다. 수면무호흡지수, 수면 및 기분관련척도, 수면중 활동도 간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 결 과 : ESS는 PSQI, BDI, BAI, STAI I, II와 각각 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.01). SSS는 PSQI, BAI와 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05, p<0.01). BAI는 총활동도, 평균활동도 및 분절지수(fragmentation index)와 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05). 수면중 총활동도는 ESS, BAI와 각각 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05). 수면 분절지수는 ESS, PSQI, BAI와 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05). 수면무호흡지수는 수면 및 기분관련 척도와 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 주간 졸리움을 호소하는 정도가 수면무호흡증의 심한 정도와 연관이 있기 보다는 오히려 야간수면 만족도, 우울 및 불안의 정도, 수면중 활동도와 더 연관성이 있었다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2010

Purpose: This study examined the influencing factors on antenatal depression among pregnant women. Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study with 255 pregnant women who visited a general hospital in a metropolitan city for their regularly scheduled check-up. Measurement tools employed were the Korean version of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the food habits, and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Socio-demographic variables and the status of high risk pregnancy were identified. Influencing factors on antenatal depression were identified using a stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean score of antenatal depression was $7.2{\pm}5.0$; 18.4% with mild depression, 5.9% had moderate depression, with 0.8% identified with severe depression on BDI scale. Influencing factors on antenatal depression accounted for 47.8% of the total variance which consisted of quality of sleep, marital satisfaction, food habits, gestation periods, sexual satisfaction, high risk pregnancy, and age. Conclusion: Findings show that antenatal depression should be monitored on a regular basis during early pregnancy and in high risk pregnancy if possible, and quality of sleep and food habits should be incorporated in the management of antenatal depression.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2023

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the workload of healthcare workers (HCWs), impacting their health. This study aimed to assess sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and identify factors associated with poor sleep among HCWs in Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1000 frontline HCWs were recruited from various healthcare facilities in Vietnam between October 2021 and November 2021. Data were collected using a 3-part self-administered questionnaire, which covered demographics, sleep quality, and factors related to poor sleep. Poor sleep quality was defined as a total PSQI score of 5 or higher. Results: Participants' mean age was 33.20±6.81 years (range, 20.0-61.0), and 63.0% were women. The median work experience was 8.54±6.30 years. Approximately 6.3% had chronic comorbidities, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. About 59.5% were directly responsible for patient care and treatment, while 7.1% worked in tracing and sampling. A total of 73.8% reported poor sleep quality. Multivariate logistic regression revealed significant associations between poor sleep quality and the presence of chronic comorbidities (odds ratio [OR], 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17 to 5.24), being a frontline HCW directly involved in patient care and treatment (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.16 to 2.16), increased working hours (OR, 1.84; 95% CI,1.37 to 2.48), and a higher frequency of encountering critically ill and dying patients (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.95). Conclusions: The high prevalence of poor sleep among HCWs in Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic was similar to that in other countries. Working conditions should be adjusted to improve sleep quality among this population.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2020

Purpose: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a mosaic of clinical signs and symptoms that can be regarded as a set of phenotypes that are affected by various factors including pain sensitivity, pain disability, sleep and psychological functioning. The aims of this study were to evaluate association of pain experience, sleep quality and psychological distress with different phenotypes of TMD patients. Methods: This retrospective study included a cohort (n=1,858; 63.8% for female, mean age=34.9±15.9 years) of patients with TMD. A set of self-administered questionnaires concerning pain interference (Brief Pain Inventory), pain disability (Graded Chronic Pain Scale), sleep quality (Pittsburg Sleep Questionnaire Index), psychological distress (Symptom Checklist-90 revised), and pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale) were administered to all participants at the first consultation. All TMD patients were classified into four groups including TMD with internal derangement without pain (TMD_ID, n=370), TMD with joint pain (TMD_J, n=571), TMD with muscle pain (TMD_M, n=541) and TMD with muscle-joint combined pain (TMD_MJ, n=376). Results: The female ratio was particularly high in the group with TMD_MJ (p=0.001). The patients with muscle pain and both muscle and joint pain had longer symptom duration (p=0.004) and presented significantly higher scores in pain experience (p<0.001), subjective sleep quality (p<0.001), pain catastrophizing (p<0.001) and psychological distress (p<0.05) except for paranoid-ideation than the groups with only joint problems. Conclusions: The results of this study highlight the importance of multi-dimensional approach that consider pain disability, sleep quality, and psychological functioning in the management of TMD with muscle component. This study would contribute to a better understanding of interaction between heterogeneous TMD and multiple risk factors in order to build tailored treatment based on different phenotypes.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.138-148
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• 2017

Objectives: Sleep quality is directly related to the health, quality of life and working capacity and is affected by age, gender, exercise, life habits. Gender dissimilarities in sleep quality are acknowledged. However, the gender difference in the quality of sleep in shift workers was not well known. Our aim was to study the less known gender differences in the quality of sleep of shift workers. Methods: 1,008 study subjects aged between 21 and 57 years among these, 637(525 male and 112 female workers) were daytime workers and 371(253 males and 118 female workers) were shift workers. Sleep quality was measured by self-report through the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) and fatigue was measured by using the Chalder Fatigue Scale(CFS). All data was analyzed using SPSS version 19.0 program. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute. Results: Overall, sleep quality was found to be worse in shift workers than in daytime workers and in female than in male. Fatigue in shift female workers was significantly higher than in daytime female workers and shift male workers. In Spearman correlation analysis results, fatigue were significantly associated with gender, drink habit, regular exercise, working hours and sleep quality. With group male workers as the reference, the odds ratio(OR) for having a CFS was 2.115(${\beta}$ value=0.749, p<0.01), and subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, daytime dysfunction and PSQI were 1.541(${\beta}$ value=0.432, p<0.05), 2.297(${\beta}$ value=0.831, p<0.001), 1.798(${\beta}$ value=0.587, p<0.01) and 2.224(${\beta}$ value=0.799, p<0.01), respectively. Conclusions: Shift work played an important role in lowering the quality of sleep, and the effect was more pronounced in female workers than in male workers. Sleep quality was related to fatigue, especially sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep disturbances and daytime dysfunction were significantly related. Therefore, to improve fatigue and sleep quality of shift worker, it is necessary to improve healthy habits such as regular exercise, smoking cessation, and limited drinking. In particular, it is urgent to develop and implement a regular exercise program to reduce fatigue and improve the quality of sleep in workplace.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.808-819
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• 2021

Objectives: This study considered the effectiveness of integrative Korean medical treatment for stress-induced hypertensive patients without the use of conventional medication. Methods: A 62-year-old female with stress-induced hypertension (HTN) was hospitalized for 33 days. Her pattern identification was ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang (Ganyangsanghang)-type HTN. Herbal medicine and acupuncture were used for the treatment: Cheonggansoyo-san for 33 days and Chunwangbosim-dan for 15 days, together with acupuncture for 20 minutes twice a day. Blood pressure was checked daily during hospitalization with a digital sphygmomanometer in the brachial artery. Results: After 33 days of treatment, blood pressure decreased. The Handicap Inventory (DHI) scale and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores both decreased. The patient also reported fewer complaints. A five-month follow-up after discharge, with no further treatment, confirmed stable blood pressure. Symptom improvements continued with no significant side effects. Conclusions: This study indicates that Korean medical treatment is effective for stress-induced hypertensive patients.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.112-120
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• 2014

연구목적 이 연구의 목적은 양극성 장애로 진단받은 정신과 외래 환자에서 야간 식이습관의 임상적 특성을 조사하는데 있다. 방 법 정신건강의학과 외래를 방문한 84명의 양극성 장애 환자를 대상으로 14개 항목의 야간 식이증후군 설문지(NEQ)를 자가 보고로 실시하였다. 이들의 인구학적, 임상적 특성을 조사하고 신체 질량 지수(BMI), 주관석 기분과 수면, 폭식과 체중에 관련된 삶의 질에 대한 평가를 Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Binge Eating Scale(BES), Korean version of Obesity-related Quality of Life scale(KOQoL), Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) 등을 포함한 설문을 통해 얻었다. 결 과 양극성 장애 외래 환자 중 야간 식이증후군의 유병률은 14.3%(84명 중 12명)이었다. NES와 Non-NES군 사이에서는 경제적 상태와 동반되는 내과 질환을 제외한 성별, 나이, 교육 년 수, 결혼 및 직업 상태, 흡연, 음주 등의 인구사회학적 특성에서 양군간에 유의한 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 하지만, Non-NES 군에 비해 NES군에서 폭식이 많았고 비만으로 인한 삶의 질 저하가 나타났다. 결 론 이번 연구는 야간식이를 보이는 양극성 장애 외래환자의 임상적 특성을 처음으로 기술하였다. 비록 양극성 장애 외래 환자의NES군에서 뚜렷한 상관 관계를 보이는 특성이 많지는 않았지만, 상대적으로 NES 유병률이 높은 것으로 볼 때 임상에서 양극성 장애 환자 평가 시 비만 여부에 관계 없이 NES를 염두에 두어야 할 것이다.