• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.329-337
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• 2004

Primiphos-methyl and methidathion as organophosphorus (OP) pesticides were tested for their immunotoxic effects on Balb/c mice. Three dose levels of primiphos-methyl (10, 60, or 120 mg/kg/day) and methidathion (0.5, 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg/day) were administered orally in the mice for 4 weeks. After, changes in body weight gain, relative weight of spleen and thymus, viable splenic cell numbers, surface marker on immune cell, and proliferation activity were investigated. Results showed that neither Pirimiphos-methyl nor methidathion dosages changed significantly body weight, relative thymus and spleen weight, and thymus and spleen cellularities of the mice, but high dose treatment (120 mg/kg) of pirimiphos-methyl significantly decreased relative spleen weight and spleen cellularity of the mice. No alterations were observed in changes of LPS-proliferation response of splenocytes by exposure to any dose of pirimiphos-methyl and methidathion. However, pirimiphos-methyl dosages reduced ConA-proliferation response of splenocytes and both methidathion and pirimiphos-methyl decreased the ability of antibody production to SRBC. The results indicate that 28 days exposure to the high dose of pirimiphos-methyl suppress the function of splenic T and B cell function, and methidathion reduce the immune responsibility of B cell in mice without the changes in lymphoid organ weight or viability of splenocytes. Pirimiphos-methyl is more immunotoxic than methidathion although this has higher general toxicity than that.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.453-461
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• 2009

Killifish (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to an organophosphate pesticide, pirimiphos-methyl, in a flow-through system to determine the bioconcentration factor (BCF) following GLP (Good Laboratory Practice). This study was conducted at two different concentrations (1 and $10\;{\mu}$g/L) of $^{14}C$-labeled pirimiphos-methyl for 28 days uptake and 14 days depuration according to the OECD 305 test guideline. The $BCF_{ss}$ for total radioactive residues in whole fish were 1,251 and 1,277 for low and high concentrations, respectively. The $BCF_k$ based on the uptake and depuration rate constants were 1,200 for both low and high concentrations. During the depuration phase, the accumulated test substance was rapidly depurated from fish. Greater than 95% of the residue at steady-state was depurated after 2 days. Although the measured BCF values were high, pirimiphos-methyl could be evaluated as a low risk from bioaccumulation by aquatic organisms due to the short depuration period and low amount of bound residue (1.5%). We suggest that in evaluating bioaccumulation, not only the BCF should be considered, but also depuration time and bound residue in aquatic organisms give an indication of the potential environmental risks.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2002

김치의 주재료인 배추에 사용되는 농약중 3종의 유기인계 살충제를 배추에 처리하여 수세, 소금절임 그리고 김치 숙성과정 및 가열조리 후의 잔류농약의 변화정도를 조사하였다. 흐르는 물에 배추를 씻어 농약의 잔류량을 측정한 결과 pirimiphos-methyl의 경우 62.0%, chlorpyrifos 54.8% 그리고 prothiofos는 61.1%가 제거되었고 배추를 소금에 절이는 과정중에서도 각각 23.5%, 22.4%그리고 23.8%가 제거되었다. 4。C에서 김치를 숙성하는 과정중 농약의 잔류량은 24일의 숙성기간동안 pirimiphos-methyl 69.4%, chlorpyrifos 66.6% 그리고 prothiofos 51.4% 정도가 제거되었다 이때 김치의 pH는 김치를 담근지 7일이 경과하고 난 이후부터 감소하기 시작하여 24일이 경과되었을 때는 pH가 4.5까지 감소되었다. Chlorpyrifos가 잔류하는 김치를 4。C, 10。C그리고 20。C에서 11일간 숙성시키면서 숙성온도에 따른 chlorpyrifos의 잔류량의 변화를 조사한 결과, 각각의 숙성온도에 따라 29.2%, 45.0%그리고 77.3%가 제거되어 숙성온도가 높을수록 제거율은 높은 것으로 나타났다. 김치를 가열 조리하는 과정중 chlorpyrifos의 잔류량은 가열 조리후 16.3%정도 제거되었다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.167-173
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• 1993

Pirimiphos - methyl was fogged in a tobacco warehouse to determine the proper dose rate, Small wire cages, containing adults and larvae of cigarette beetle (Lasiodema senicorne F.) were put at different altitude in the warehouse of which the holding capacity was about 250m3. At recommended dose rate, 0.4ml/m3(25% ai), it brought about 100% mortality of adults and 98.8% -100% mortality of larvae. When the dose rate was reduced to about half the recommended one, 97.6 and 96.4% mortality could still be obtained against adults and larvae, respectively. The number of the beetles monitored by sex - pheromone trap was greatly reduced after the fogging in the warehouses at 4 geographic places in Korea. When the warehouses were ventilated for one hour immediately after the fogging done for 48 hours, workers could not detected any opposing smell in the warehouses. And panel members responded positively that there was no negative effect on the taste of the cigarettes made of the fogged tobacco. Although the residue of the chemical was detected from the cigarettes in 4 of 5 cases, the residue was 1.1-1.3$\mu\textrm{g}$/20 cigarettes except for one case from which 3.3$\mu\textrm{g}$/20 cigarettes residue was detected. The relatively low residue is about l/450-1/150 of the WHO/FAO tolerant level.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2005년도 춘계 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회
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• pp.144-144
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• 2005

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.239-246
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• 1993

한우 및 젖소의 조사료로 다량 사용되고 있는 볏짚의 농약에 의한 오염 여부를 판단하기 위하여 전국에서 21지점을 선정하여 시료를 수집한 후 GLC를 이용한 다중분석법으로 10종의 농약에 대하여 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 검출한계는 butachlor가 0.001ppm, chlorpyrifos는 0.002ppm, BPMC와 pirimiphos-methyl 및 diazinon이 0.003ppm, fenitrothion은 0.004ppm, phenthoate는 0.005ppm, IBP는 0.009ppm, carbofuran은 0.015ppm, carbaryl은 0.03ppm이었다. 2. 회수율은 평균 약 73-101%였으나 carbofuran과 chlorpyrifos에서는 낮았다. 3. 2-chloroacetanilide계 제초제인 butachlor와 carbamate계 살충제인 BPMC, carbaryl, carbofuran은 검출되지 않았다. 4. 유기인계 살충제중 fenitrothion은 시료번호 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 12, 20, 21에서 0.01-0.05ppm 검출되었고, phenthoate는 시료번호 10과 12에서 각각 0.40ppm과 0.17ppm, IBP는 시료번호 7, 12, 16, 17, 20, 21을 제외한 모든 시료에서 0.01-0.2ppm 검출되었으나 chlorpyrifos, diazinon, pirimiphos-methyl은 검출되지 않았다.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.183-183
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• 2003

• 한국식품위생안전성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품위생안전성학회 2004년도 제3회 식품안전의 날 기념 학술 세미나
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• pp.255-255
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• 2004

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.373-381
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• 1997

배추 재배시 살포된 농약의 비산 휘산정도를 알아보기 위해 유기인계인 chlorpyrifos, EPN, pirimiphos-methyl, phenthoate, 유기염소계인 tetradifon, dicofol, 피레스로이드계인 bifenthrin 농약을 이용하여 포장실험을 수행하였다. 이들의 잔류량 분석은 다성분 분석법을 이용하였는데 농약성분에 따라 다르나 회수율은 78${\sim}$92%로 우수하였으며 표준편차도 ${\pm}0.68{\sim}3.52%$로서 재현성이 있었다. 농약의 살포량은 농약사용지침서에서 권하는 량으로 하였으며, 1차실험시에는 바람이 불어오는 첫 구간에 농약을 살포하였고, 2차 실험시에는 풍향에 관계없이 정중앙에 살포하고 방사형으로 시료를 채취하였다. 실험결과 살포농약 대부분이 비산이나 휘산으로 인해 인접 작물에 전이 잔류하는 것을 확인하였다. 살포 중 비산되는 양은 농약성분과 풍향, 거리에 따라 달리 나타났으며 살포구간의 농작물 중 농약잔류량에 비하여 비살포구에서의 농작물 중 농약잔류량 비율은 3m거리에서 평균 0.66%, 6m 거리에서 0.10%, 9m 거리에서 0.05%이었고 근접지역에서는 최고 1.83%에 이르렀다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 1999

Effect of storage temperature, washing, and cooking on postharvest-treated pesticide residues in polished rice was investigated. After being treated with each 500 mg/kg of captan, carbaryl, phenthoate, fenthion, fenitrothion, chlorpyriphos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl, the polished rice was stored for 8 weeks at 4 and 3$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. The penetation rate of carbaryl was the highest as 27.5% and the others, 13 to 18%. The half lives of pesticide residues were estimated as 30 to 230 weeks at 4$^{\circ}C$, but 1 to 12 weeks at 3$0^{\circ}C$. The residues were reduced faster at 3$0^{\circ}C$ than at 4$^{\circ}C$. The half lives of pesticide residues by water washing were estimated as 0.7 to 4.6 trials and the removed with the washing trials. The residues of captan and carbaryl in cooked rice were removed 100 and 98%, respectively, comparing to initial residues concentration in treated rice but those of other 5 pesticides were removed 80%.