• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2003

강관이 매설되어 있는 폐쇄형 시스템에서 동결된 화강토의 온도분포에 관한 수치해석 및 실험적 연구가 수행되었다. 실험을 통해 측정된 부동수분량의 온도상관식을 제시하였으며, Lachenbruch의 열전도율 식을 사용하여 열전도율 측정값을 비교·분석하였다. 원형 단면 강관이 매설된 모형토조의 동결챔버를 제작하여 동결토의 온도를 측정하고 유한요소 수치해석을 수행하여 실험 결과와 비교하였다. 수치해석시 동결된 화강토의 잠열효과가 고려되었다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2014

Most of steam power plants in Korea are using the method of heating the feed water whenever the ambient temperature around the power plant area below $5^{\circ}C$ to prevent freezing water flowing in the pipe in winter time. But this kind of heat supplying system is not useful to save energy. If we take the method that the temperature of the each pipe is controled by direct measure of temperature by attaching sensor on the outside surface of the feed water tubes, then we can expect that a plenty of energy can be saved. In this study, the computer simulation is used to compare the energy consumption loads of both systems. Energy saving rate is calculated for the location of Incheon area in winter season. Four convection heat transfer coefficients for the ambient air and three initial flowing water temperature inside the tube were used. The result shows that the temperature control system using sensor represents more than 95% of energy saving rate in Incheon area. Even in the severe January weather condition, the energy saving rate is almost 75% in two days basis and even 83% in one day basis.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.717-724
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• 2013

Urea-SCR은 동절기, 북유럽과 북미지역과 같은 $-20^{\circ}C$ 이하의 환경에서 요소수가 동결되는 문제점을 해결해야 한다. 따라서 이러한 요소수 저장탱크에 해동 시스템을 적용하여 시동 초기, 요소수를 적정 시간 내 분사하기 위한 기술의 확보가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 저장탱크 내 요소수의 동결현상과 냉각수 순환 가열방식을 적용한 해동현상에 대하여 상용 소프트웨어인 Fluent 6.3을 이용하여 3차원 비정상상태 수치해석을 수행하였다. 이를 통하여 요소수의 동결 및 해동과정 중 나타난 온도분포, 상경계면, 그리고 액상분율을 분석하여 열전달 특성을 고찰하였다. 결론적으로 요소수의 동결은 저장탱크 벽면으로부터 중심부로 이루어졌으며, 해동현상은 순환 파이프와 인접할수록 요소수의 상변화가 빠르게 진행하였다. 또한, 냉각수의 $70^{\circ}C$, $200{\ell}/h$ 조건에서 $1{\ell}$의 액상 요소수를 얻는데 약 190초의 시간이 필요하였다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.1087-1093
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• 2010

열관(HP)과 상변화물질(PCM)을 병렬로 배열한 일체형 위성 열제어 H/W를 제안하였다. HP-PCM 모듈은 제한적인 의미에서 일종의 off-the-shelf 부품으로써, PCM을 위한 별도의 열설계와 형상설계 등을 수행하지 않더라도 기존에 사용하고 있는 HP처럼 크기나 개수 등만을 설계함으로써 온도제어를 달성할 수 있도록 하였다. 주기적인 발열이 있는 부품의 온도제어를 위하여, 제안한 HP-PCM 모듈이 적용된 위성 방열판을 설계하고 상세모델을 수립하여 수치해석을 수행하였다. 각각 PCM이 없는 경우와 PCM을 장입한 경우에 대하여 수치해석을 수행하였으며, 등가평균값의 주기적인 변화에 대한 비교분석을 통하여 PCM의 축열과 방열에 의한 열분산이 매우 효과적임을 확인하였다. HP가 작동하지 않는 경우에 대한 수치해석을 통하여 열전도도가 작은 PCM의 사용한계를 제안한 HP-PCM 모듈을 이용하여 극복할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.475-482
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• 2005

Many public facilities including roadway, railway, and embedded pipe lines in this country have been damaged by the repeated freezing and thawing of the soil during winter and spring every year. However, there are only few research results in field of frozen ground in this country. Also, there are no the formulation of the reasonable equation for frost penetration depths and of the criterion for identifing potentially frost-susceptible soil in design manual of pavement yet. Through this study it is anticipated to asses the frost action problem in roadway, railway, and water suppply lines and to establish the design criterion about pavement in seasonal cold region.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2011

In the present work, a new freeze protection method has been proposed for a natural circulation system of solar water heater. Though electrothermal wire is popularly used for the purpose, there are freezing troubles by wire cut-off and excessive electric power consumption. In the experimental device, hot water in a storage tank was circulated by a small pump and used to heat the outdoor pipes if the cold water pipe surface temperature falls lower than a set point. As a result, It was observed that there was no hot water waste while the solar water heating system operated without freeze and burst.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2009

Supercooled type ice storage system with aqueous solution (or water) may have trouble with non-uniform release of supercooling even though it contributes to the simplicity of system and ecological improvement. The non-uniform release increases the instability of the system because it may cause an ice blockage in pipe or cooling part. In order to suppress the release of the supercooling, a cooling experiment was tried to an ethylene glycol(EG) 3 mass% solution corresponding with pressurization. Also, the frequency ratio of the release of the supercooling was measured to the pressurization from 101 to 505 kPa. At results, the frequency ratio of supercooling release tends to decrease as the pressure of the aqueous solution increased in each cooling rate. Moreover, it tends to decrease as the cooling rate of the solution decreased in each pressure.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1175-1183
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• 2001

Recently, a great attention has been paid to the ice thermal storage system for the purpose of energy saving and reduction in peak electrical demand. In the present study, it has been investigated the freezing behavior of several kinds of water solutions with nonionic surfactant. In order to prevent ice blockage in a cooled pipe, the amount and wall adhesion behavior of ice of the test fluids were observed experimentally under different concentration of water solution with surfactant, temperature of cooled wall, and the shear velocity of test fluids. The results showed that the size of ice crystal became smaller at higher shear velocity at wall. And the lowest limit of wall adhesion of ice in water solution with surfactant was found at 230 W/$m^2$ of heat flux.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.132-137
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• 2006

Supercooled type ice slurry system is hard to keep a proper supercooling degree when solution becomes supercooling state. This is the reason of the ice blockage in pipe or cooling part due to an unstable cooling state. In this study, a cooling experiment was performed to pressurized solution in a stationary state. The behaviors during the supercooled aqueous solution were investigated at fixed flow rate of brine and aqueous solution of ethylene glycol 7 mass%. Also the effect to the freezing point of supercooled aqueous solution was investigated to the different pressure 101, 202, 303, and 404 kPa. At results, the pressure of the aqueous solution in the cylinder increased the supercooling degree increased and dissolution of supercooled point decreased.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2014

Urea-SCR system is the selective catalytic reduction to reduce nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$) emitted from diesel vehicles. The objective of this study is numerical analysis of 3-dimensional unsteady melting problems of frozen urea by using an electric heater. It can be applied to determine capacity of power with respect to time and the location of the urea suction pipe in urea storage tank. The study includes the change of liquid volume fraction, temperature profiles and a influence of natural convection by using the commercial software STAR-CCM+(v7.06). The accuracy of the numerical analysis is estimated by comparisons with experimental data. After validation, a numerical analysis for freezing urea is conducted with four different heating power. From the results, it was found that relation of velocity of phase interface and amount of melting urea by increasing heating power in a container. There is also a difference in trend between velocity of phase interface and amounts of melting urea because of effect of natural convection.