• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2021

Background: Abandoned coal piles after the closure of mines have a potential negative influence on the environment, such as soil acidification and heavy metal contamination. Therefore, revegetation by efficient species is required. For this, we wanted to identify the role of Silene acaulis in the succession of coal piles as a pioneer and a nurse plant. S. acaulis is a well-studied cushion plant living in the Arctic and alpine environments in the northern hemisphere. It has a highly compact cushion-like form and hosts more plant species under its canopy by ameliorating stressful microhabitats. In this research, we surveyed vegetation cover on open plots and co-occurring species within S. acaulis cushions in coal piles with different slope aspects and a control site where no coal was found. The plant cover and the similarity of communities among sites were compared. Also, the interaction effects of S. acaulis were assessed by rarefaction curves. Results: S. acaulis was a dominant species with the highest cover (6.7%) on the coal piles and occurred with other well-known pioneer species. Plant communities on the coal piles were significantly different from the control site. We found that the pioneer species S. acaulis showed facilitation, neutral, and competition effect in the north-east facing slope, the south-east facing slope, and the flat ground, respectively. This result was consistent with the stress gradient hypothesis because the facilitation only occurred on the north-east facing slope, which was the most stressed condition, although all the interactions observed were not statistically significant. Conclusions: S. acaulis was a dominant pioneer plant in the succession of coal piles. The interaction effect of S. acaulis on other species depended on the slope and its direction on the coal piles. Overall, it plays an important role in the succession of coal piles in the High Arctic, Svalbard.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제85권3호
• /
• pp.347-359
• /
• 1996

이 연구(硏究)는 고속도로(高速道路) 절토(切土)비탈면에 1차적으로 도입된 식생의 생육상황(生育狀況)과 자연상태로 방치된 절토(切土)비탈면의 2차식생천이상황(次植生遷移狀況)을 파악하기 위하여 1989년과 1995년에 중부고속도로(中部高速道路)를 대상으로 실시되었다. 절토(切土)비탈면에 자연 침입하여 생육이 왕성한 초본류(草本類)는 참억새, 쑥, 솔새 등이었으며, 목본류(木本類)로는 산딸기, 아까시나무, 칡, 소나무 등이었다. 또한 녹화공법 적용 단계에서 파종된 식생중 외래목초류로는 Weeping lovegrass의 생육이 우세하였다. 절토(切土)비탈면에 평떼붙이기공법에 의해 적용된 잔디(Zoysia japonica)의 생육비율은 비탈면 조성후 유지관리(維持管理)가 수반되지 않은 상태에서는 현저하게 감소하거나, 침입식생에 의해 피압 소멸되었으며, 주변식생의 영향으로 천이가 진행되어 초본류(다년생초본(多年生草本), 1년생초본(年生草本))의 비율은 감소하였으며, 목본류(관목류(灌木類), 교목류(喬木類))의 출현비율이 증가하였다. 따라서 비탈면에 적용된 식생은 계속적인 유지관리(維持管理)가 수반되어야 하며, 녹화공법(綠化工法) 적용시 생활력(生活力)이 강한 초본류(草本類)(야생초화류(野生草花類) 포함) 및 목본류(木本類)의 도입이 요망된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of planting seedlings for quarry rehabilitation. To achieve the objective, the experiment was designed for rehabilitation of quarry with planting seedlings and seeding types. Planting seedlings were categorized as target species, accompanied species and pioneer species. The study was conducted in limestone quarry (Lafarge Halla Cement Inc.) near the Baekdudaegan Mountains at Okke, Kangwon-do. The experimental planting bed was set in 2007 and field monitoring was carried out from 2007 to 2011. As the result of experiment, it was found that the early-phase pattern for surveyed species to establish was affected by the planting and seeding types. As years after planting and seeding, the percent of plant coverage also increased up to 90%. The methods of mixed planting and seeding were good for species diversity, but the growing of seedlings were affected by seeding plants. Accompanied species and pioneer species were superior to target species during first 2 years, but target species has gained predominance during last 2 years. The quality maintenance should be carried out annually to attain the goal of rehabilitation.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.120-130
• /
• 1994

Stages of vegetation development on talus area were studied to examine temporal changes in species composition and vegetation structure, and to elucidate the mechanism of early patch formation. While ground coverage of lichens, which may form substrate for moss colonization and mitigate the heat-stress on rocks, decreased gradully, coverage of mosses increased slightly during primary succession. Ecological role of mossess related with water retention in community may be very important not only at pioneer stage but also at later stages because of little soil development on this talus area. Species diversity and species richness increased during the early stages of succession. Parthenocis년 tricuspidata and Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipa dominated in liana stage, Ulmus davidiana for. suberosa and Lindera obtusiloba in shrub stage, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Actinidia arguta in subtree stage, however, was composed of mixed forest of several tree species. U. davidiana for. suberosa, L. obtusiloba, Securinega suffruticosa and Rhus chinensis were relatively important woody species in early patch forming process. The results, however, suggested that early establishment on talus area might be strongly associated with chance for safe-site because both pioneer species and later species could take part in early patch forming process.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.513-521
• /
• 1994

Distribution patern of 30 species that are occurring predominantly in the mantle communities (Mantelgesellschaften) in South Korea was studied. The study was arried out by geographic and bioclimatic analysis on 368 releves obtained from the Zurich-Montpellier School's method, which involves direct analysis on the latitude, altitude, annual mean temperature and the lowest temperature of the site. Rosa multiflora and Pueraria thunbergiana which are regarded as repersentative pioneer species to the mantle community has the highest frequency, 70.1% and 60.3%, respectively. Three distribution patterns were recognized, i.e. northern type, central type and southern type, and each type was characterized by horizontal and altitudinal amplitude. Their concetrate distribution ranges on the annual mean temperature were 8~11℃, 9~12℃ and 10~13℃, respectively. It was recognized that tendencies of overlapping and continuous distribution pattern of the types and species exist. Geographically, the souther limit f the northern type is 35.5。N and the northern limit of the southern type 37.0。N. The central type is located at an coincided with the previous study in which cool-temperate forests were synchorologically indentified into northern/altimontane, certral/montane and southern/submontane type. The subsidiary knowledges from this study will provide practical information on the constructuin of the fence plant community for environmental conservation.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.191-198
• /
• 1985

The processes of vegetation development and interspecific association were studied as a part of a successional study in the sand bars at the Nadgdong River estuary in Korea. The major pioneer plant species in the sand bars were Salsola komarovi, Carex pumila and Cynodon dactylon. In embryonic sand bars, Namusitdeung and Galmaegideung, the processes of vegetation development after colonization by pioneer species were closely interdependent with the development of the sand dune. The vegetation types of embryonic sand bars were divided into two groups: sand dune plants, and annual and perennial forbs. Those of old sand bars, Baeghapdeung and Ogryudeung, were also divided into tow groups: sand dune plants, and salt marsh plants. The results of interspecific association coincided well with the actual distribution of plant communities in the sand bars. The degree of vegetation development in each sand bar agreed with the order of successional stage observed in this study area.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.195-210
• /
• 1991

The primary succession of the pebble area in gye-bang chon, an upper stream bank of north han river, was investigated by belt transect method from July to October 1990. The stsges of bare area, herbaceous pioneer, perenial herb, woody plants and pine stand were recognized from stream bank to inland. The change of the coverage in herbaceous plants increased with developing sueccessional sere but decreaser with increment of woody plants. The species sequence cyrves vs. relative coverage were geometric in pioneer stage and graduaiiy changed to lognormal y\type as the development of forest. The species diversity was highest during then woody plants stage, probably it would to be the edge effect. The soil properties were not noticeable difference between stream side and inland side. It seems that the vegetational developement was not enough to affect soil accumulation.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제20권12호
• /
• pp.1561-1584
• /
• 2011

This study aims at classifying and interpreting on the vegetation structure and analyzing the correlationship between communities and environmental conditions in Mt. Wolchulsan. We also predicted the succession possibility and the vertical distribution change of vegetations according to the global warming, through the pioneer species of a forest change and dominant species of canopy vegetations. We also analyzed the Raunkiaer's life-form. The communities in this ecotone are distributed vertically in the order of a Quercus acuta community, a Q. serrata-Q. variabilis community and a Q. serrata community. A Pinus densiflora community appears on the most of altitudes. The distribution of communities correlates highly with an altitude. The Q. serrata-Q. variabilis community will be succession to the Q. acuta community, and the Q. variabilis will be under natural selection gradually or remain locally. The Q. serrata community will possibly maintain as it is, and the P. densiflora community will be also under natural selection gradually. The valuable quantitative and numerical life-forms are confirmed and the layer structure of present vegetation will not be changed.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2002

Investigated was the ground-walking Coleoptera at the moor and adjacent forest at 800 m and rice paddies at lower level of 50 m in altitude. There were 5 species belonging to 5 genera and 2 families, 4 species belonging to 4 genera and 3 families, and 17 species belonging to 11 genera and 2 families respectively. Diplous depressus (Gebler) was the dominant species at the moor and forest in distinctive numbers, while Pheropsophus javanus (Dejean) was the one at the paddies. Three investigated sites supported independently their ground-walking Coleoptera groups. The moor group seemed to fail in establishing the resident Coleoptera community. The fact may imply to be related a kind of the pioneer species in early dry succession that D. depressus was found in a considerable range between forest and moor. The Coleoptera groups of moor and forest was different from that of paddies in species structure.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.428-433
• /
• 2007

To clarify the pioneer group in the development of biofilms in high chlorine residual water, a semi-pilot model system was operated and 16S rDNA V3 targeted PCR-DGGE was submitted. Biofilm formation occurred rapidly in the model of a drinking water distribution system. It reached $10^3\;CFU/cm^2$ or more on the surface of stainless steel, PVC, and galvanized iron in chlorinated (1.0 mg/l) water within a week. Within a week, uncultured Proteobacteria- and Bacillales group-like sequences were detected and Sphingomonas-like sequences were identified from all season and all pipe materials tested. Hence Sphingomonas species were regarded as the potential pioneer group in the development of biofilm in drinking water and this results would be useful for the prevention of biofilm formation and safety of drinking tap water.