• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2004

This study was carried out to evaluate soil carbon and nutrient storage of three adjacent coniferous plantations (Larix leptolepis, Pinus densiflora and Pinus rigitaeda) growing on a similar site with a same planting age (42-year old) in the Sambong Exhibition Forests, Hamyang-gun, Gyungsangnam-do. The soil carbon concentration among three plantations was not significantly different in 0∼10cm soil depth, but other two depths (10∼20cm and 20∼30cm) showed higher carbon concentration in P. densiflora plantation than the other two plantations. The exchangeable cation concentrations (Ca and Mg) in 0∼10cm depth were significantly lower in L. leptolepis plantation than in the other two plantations, while nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were not significantly different among three plantations except for nitrogen at 10∼20cm depth in P. rigitaeda plantation. Soil carbon storage in 0∼20cm depth of three plantations was unaffected by the stand types. Soil nutrient storage was not significantly different at each depth except for nitrogen storage at 10∼20cm depth in P. rigitaeda plantation because of the variation of bulk density and coarse fragment. This result demonstrates that soil carbon and nutrient concentrations among the plantations on a similar soil condition can be altered significantly by tree species effects over 40 years after plantation establishment.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

The characters of Castanea crenata community which is associated with human activities recently extended around the field of Saengbiryang-myeon at Sanseong-gun in Gyeongsangnam-do. The C. crenata community and its outskirts were investigated for several ecological parameters and the results can be summarized as fellows. C. crenata is prevailing in the plantation area, whereas Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica are prevailing in its outskirts. The mean species diversity of plantation was lower than that of natural forests. In stratification of investigated areas, overstory tree layer was dominant in the zone of plantation and dominant layers in the natural forest were understory tree layer, shrub, and herb. Plant biomass and net production which estimated from degree of green naturality were much higher in natural forests than those of the plantation community. Least significant differences (LSD) post hoc analysis revealed that P. densiflora and Q. mongolica community had significantly greater than densities than C. crenata community.

• 환경생물
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.278-281
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• 2001

모악산 도립공원의 양서 ${\cdot}$ 파충류에 대한 생태측정 및 서식환경 분석을 하였다. 이 중 서식환경은 활엽수림, 침엽수림, 식재림, 그리고 기타지역(웅덩이, 호수, 논, 하천 및 강 등)으로 나누어 조사하였다. 그 결과 양서류는 총 1목 4과 8종이 관찰 및 채집되었다. 양서류의 생물다양성 지수 조사는 종 풍부도가 1.270, 다양도는 1.77, 그리고 균등도가 0.853으로 나타났으며 서식환경을 살펴보면, 활엽수에서 42.1.%rk 관찰되었으며, 침엽수에서 11.3% 식재림에서 1.6%, 그리고 기타지역에서 45.0%가 관찰되었다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2011

The forest of Korea had been severely degraded since early 1900s until 1950s. Korean Government has successfully accomplished the reforestation works since 1960s. However, some plantations showed poor survival and growth caused by ignoring site characteristics in selecting plantation species and lack of tending works such as thinning. The natural regeneration of indigenous species, such as Quercus species and Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc., were examined in the plantations of Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. and Larix kaempferi Fortune ex Gordon. Quercus species regenerated mainly by sprouting while P. densiflora regenerated naturally from a few mother trees that remained in the plantations. P. koraiensis showed poor survival ($IVI{\leq}25%$) and suppressed growth (height ${\leq}3m$ and $DBH{\leq}3cm$ at 20 year-old) by Quercus species or P. densiflora in the plantation areas, however had high survival ($IVI{\geq}70%$) and growth (8 m height and 14.1 cm DBH at 20 year-old) in areas where silvicultural practices were conducted. L. kaempferi showed good survival ($IVI{\geq}40%$) and growth (17.2 m height and 16.3 cm DBH at 30 year-old) mostly in valley areas, while it was nearly dead ($IVI{\leq}10%$) in ridge or ridge-slope areas and was replaced by indigenous species such as Quercus species ($IVI{\geq}25{\sim}55%$) or P. densiflora ($IVI{\geq}18{\sim}50%$).

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.142-149
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 천안시 두정공원을 대상으로 도시공원의 식재유형별 수목의 탄소저장량, 연간 탄소흡수량, 연간 토양호흡량을 측정하여 비교하였다. 두정공원에서 소나무식재림, 상수리나무군락, 상수리나무-아까시나무식재림, 아까시나무식재림을 선정하여 2012년 3월부터 2013년 2월까지 각 식재림을 분석하였다. 탄소저장량과 연간 탄소흡수량은 수목의 흉고직경을 이용한 상대생장식을 활용하여 산정하였고 토양호흡량은 Li-6400을 이용하여 측정하였다. 소나무식재림, 상수리나무군락, 상수리나무-아까시나무식재림, 아까시나무식재림에서의 탄소저장량은 각각 17.36, 88.63, 115.38, $49.88tonCha^{-1}$였고, 연간 탄소흡수량은 각각 1.04, 2.12, 6.47, $3.67tonCha^{-1}yr^{-1}$로 산정되었다. 개체목당 평균 연간 탄소흡수량은 소나무, 상수리나무, 아까시나무에서 각각 1.81, 17.86, $9.14kgC{\cdot}treeyr^{-1}$로 상수리나무가 가장 높았다. 평균 토양호흡량은 각 식재유형별로 2.20, 1.90, 2.47, $2.51{\mu}mo{\ell}CO_2m^{-2}s^{-1}$로 측정되었고 연간 토양호흡량은 각각 6.66, 5.33, 7.20, $7.25tonCha^{-1}yr^{-1}$로 추정되었다. 본 조사지의 식재유형 중 상수리나무-아까시나무식재림이 탄소저장량과 연간 탄소흡수량이 가장 많아 공원의 탄소흡수원 역할에 크게 기여했고, 소나무식재림은 가장 적게 평가되었다. 본 연구결과는 이산화탄소 흡수원의 역할을 하는 도시공원 수목의 식재와 관리에 필요한 자료로 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제94권2호통권159호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine the geographic variation among provenances of Pinus densiflora in survival rate and height growth at four test plantations (Jungsun, Chungju, Naju, and Jeju). The plantations were parts of the eleven provenance trials of Pinus densiflora established by Korea Forest Research Institute in 1996. The survival rate and height growth were significantly different among test plantations at $p{\leq}0.01$. Latitude and longitude of test plantation were negatively correlated with survival rate and height growth. On the other hand, annual mean temperature, mean temperature (Nov.~Feb.), extremely low temperature (Dec.~Feb.), and annual mean growing days of test plantation were positively correlated with these two. The relationships between growth variables and geographic variables were analysed with canonical correlation analysis. A considerable amount of variation in survival rate and height growth was explained by latitude, annual mean growing days, extremely low temperature (Dec.~Feb.) and extremely high temperature (Nov.~Feb.) of provenances. It is estimated that up to 47.1% and 67.4% of the genetic variability in survival rate and height growth was attributable to the environmental variability of the provenances, respectively. The response surface curve of survival rate and height growth was plotted against latitude and longitude to examine growth performance of provenances for each test site. Generally, the local provenances showed better survival rate and height growth.

• 임산에너지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.6-10
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• 1999

식재밀도에 따른 강송(Pinus densiflora forma erecta Uyeki)의 biomass 생산 및 배분 특성을 구명하기 위하여 경기도 수원시 소재 서울대학교 칠보연습림내 12년생 강송 조림지를 대상으로 본 연구를 수행하였다. 식재밀도가 1.0m×1.0m, 1.8m×1.8m, 3.0m×3.0m인 강송 조림지에서 각각 6본, 5본, 4본씩 표본목을 선정하여 부위별로 생중량을 측정하고 식재밀도에 따른 임분의 biomass 현존량 및 배분 특성을 분석하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같이 요약된다. (1) ha당 biomass 현존량은 밀도 순으로 나타났다. (2) 식재밀도가 높을수록 가지와 침엽이 차지하는 biomass 현존량의 비율은 감소하였다. (3) 당년생 가지와 줄기의 경우 밀도가 낮을수록 수분함량이 점차 증가하는 경향을 보이나 침엽과 전년생 가지의 경우는 줄어드는 경향을 보였다. (4) 식재밀도가 높을수록 최대광합성부위가 위쪽에 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.159-164
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• 1987

The potential natural vegetation of Seonunsan area, southwestern Korea, was inferred from the actual vegetation. In previous two papers the plant communities of actual vegetation of the area is grouped into nine types; Quercus variabilis, Pinus densiflora, Carpinus tschonoskii, Quercus serrata, Camellia japonica (plantation), Quercus aliena, Pinus thunbergii, Zelkova serrata and Carpinus laxiflora forest. With the analysis of species richness, age structure and various informations on vegetation changes of the plant communities, two paths of late stage succession are suggested in climatic climax starting from Pinus densiflora forest in the area. One is through Quercus variabilis forest to Carpinus laxiflora forest in upper parts of the mountain and the other through Quercus aliena forest to Carpinus tschonoskii forest in lower parts of the mountain. With analysis of actual vegetation and the examination of informations including human activities in the area, the potential natural vegetation of the area was inferred. The potential natural vegetation of the area was mainly composed of Carpinus laxiflora, Carpinus tschonoskii, Pinus densiflora and Zelkova serrata forest. The actual vegetation map and potential natural vegetation map (scale, 1:25, 000) and other results from this study might be the useful data for the protection of natural vegetation and restoration of the current vegetation.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 1987

The forest vegetation of Jongyeoul hill, Seoul, was classified into six secondary forests and two plantations by ZM method; Pinus densiflora, Quercus acutissima, Pinus rigida, Robinia pseudoacacia and Alnus hirsuta-Quercus mongolica community, and Castanea crenata and Pinus koraiensis plantation. In the herb layer the species richness and total coverage of deciduous broad leaf forests showed higher values than those of evergreen needle leaf forests. The peak in July at Q. acutissima forest and in the middle of June at R. pseudoacacia forest. Simpson's diversity index(Ds) in different stands are as follows: Ds>0.6 in R. pseudoacacia forest, Ds=0.3~0.6 in Q. acutissima forest and Ds<0.3 in P. densiflora and P. rigida forest. It is found that, although dominance rank and importance value were originated from different school each other, two measures can be used exchangablym showing almost linear positive correlation between them in this study.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권5호
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• pp.520-527
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• 2007

Biomass and species diversity of understory vegetation after fertilization were studied for 28-year-old Quercus acutissima plantation (MQA), 29-year-old Pinus densiflora plantation (MPD), 8-year-old Betula platyphylla var. japonica plantation after coal reclamation (YBP), and 4-year-old Pinus densiflora plantation after forest fire (YPD) in central Korea. Nitrogen + phosphorus + potassium (6:4:1) fertilizer was applied for 3 years from 2004. Thereafter photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and understory species richness and diversity were measured in late July-early August 2006. PAR (${\mu}mol\;m^{-2}S^{-1}$) was higher at the fertilization treatment (100.9) than at the control (67.0) for MQA while was lower at the fertilization treatment (156.5) than at the control (268.7) for MPD. Total understory biomass (t $ha^{-1}$) was lower at the fertilization plot (1.8) than at the control plot (3.0) for YPD, however, there were no differences in biomass between fertilization and control plots for MQA, MPD and YBP. Total species number of understory vegetation was higher for fertilization than for control at MPD (47 vs. 45) and YPD (21 vs. 13), and was higher for mature plantations (33 vs. 37 for MQA and 47 vs. 45 for MPD) than for young plantations (16 vs. 16 for YBP and 21 vs. 13 for YPD). Species richness and diversity were higher at the fertilization treatment than at the control for MQA, YBP, and YPD while were lower at the fertilization treatment than at the control for MPD, however, the differences were not statistically significant. Our results indicate that there were no consistent patterns in light conditions, biomass and species richness and diversity of understory vegetation following fertilization. More detailed long-term studies with different fertilizer applications would be necessary to conclude the influence of fertilization on understory vegetation in the region.