• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of dried swine excrement on the germination of Pinus thunbergii seeds, the growth response of seedlings of Pinus thunbergii and the uptaken of nitrogen and phosphorous by seedlings of Pinus thunbergii. The germination rate of seeds of Pinus thunbergii tends to decrease according to the increasing of application amount of dried swine excrement and the application amounts of dried swine excrement which is more than 3%(w/w %) makes the rate of germination to much more decreased. Contents of nitrogen and phosphorus are much higher in a way that the dried swine excrement was treated in nursery soil. 179 days after seeds of Pinus thunbergii were sowed, nitrogen contents in soil was decreased more than 70% and phosphorus was decreased 20 to 45%. Growth response of Pinus thunbergii was much higher in treatment of dried swine excrement than in control. But growth response was not affected by increasing of application amounts of dried swine excrement. Growth response of Pinus thunbergii was the highest in 2%(w/w %) application but its growth response was decreased in treatment more than 3% (w/w %) of dried swine excrement.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.539-551
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• 2019

본 연구는 부산광역시 해안림 곰솔군락의 식생구조 및 생태적 특성을 파악하여 해안림의 식생구조를 파악하고 향후 부산광역시 해안림 관리방안을 위한 기초자료를 구축하고자 수행하였다. 부산광역시 해안림 지역에 $100m^2$ 크기의 조사구 97개를 설치하여 조사 분석하였다. TWINSPAN과 DAC기법을 사용하여 군락을 분리한 결과, 곰솔-졸참나무 군락, 곰솔-사스레피나무(1)군락, 곰솔-사스레피나무(2)군락, 곰솔-갈참나무군락, 곰솔-동백나무(1)군락, 곰솔-동백나무(2)군락, 곰솔-사스레피나무-동백나무군락으로 분리되었다. 조사결과 부산광역시 해안림 곰솔군락의 교목층에서는 곰솔이 주요 우점종으로 나타났으며, 하층식생에서 사스레피나무와 동백나무가 우점하였다. 곰솔-졸참나무군락에서 졸참나무가 일부 교목층과 아교목층에서 곰솔과 경쟁관계를 이루고 있으며 변화를 살피기 위해서는 지속적인 모니터링이 필요할 것이다. 해안림의 환경 특성상 곰솔을 비롯한 내염성이 강한 수종들이 군락을 이루고 있기 때문에 곰솔-졸참나무 군락을 제외한 군락들은 급격한 환경변화가 발생하지 않으면 현 상태의 군락 구조를 당분간 유지할 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.322-328
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• 2004

Available nutrients in soil solution play key roles on the growth of plants, but the equilibria in soil solution can be disturbed by acid precipitation. In this study, we investigated the relationships between element concentrations in the needles of Pinus thunbergii and chemical properties of forest soil solutions in the industrial complexes as an effort to find the possible limiting factor(s) causing the forest decline. The Ca/Al molar ratios in needles of Pinus thunbergii collected from the control sites were 18. However, at Onsan and Ulsan industrial complexes, those were decreased to the ranges from 10 to 11 for the one-year old needles and from 9 to 10 for the two-year old needles. The Mg/Al molar ratios showed similar tendencies with the Ca/Al molar ratios of the needles of Pinus thunbergii. In the A horizon, there existed a significant correlation between Mg concentrations in the needles of Pinus thunbergii and Ca/Al molar ratio of forest soil solution. Calcium concentrations in the needles of Pinus thunbergii in the B horizon were also significantly correlated with Ca/Al molar ratios of forest soil solutions. The uptakes of Ca and Mg by Pinus thunbergii were mainly limited by Al in the soil solutions of the A horizon and by Mn and Al in the soil solutions of the B horizon.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.323-328
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• 1997

The monoterpenoids are analysed in leaves and fallen leaves of Pinus species (P. thunbergii, P.. rigida. P. densiflora.). The amount of total monoterpenoids of P. thunbergii was always the highest, and then those of P. rigida and P. densiflora were orderly decreasing (P<0.05). The major monoterpenoids of P. thunbergii, P. rigida and P. densiflora are ${\beta}-pinene$, comphene and sabinene. There was no significant difference among the seasonal variation in monoterpenoids composition (P>0.05), but the concentrations of fenchone and bornyl acetate were varied (P<0.05).

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.144-150
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• 2015

Stems of Pinus thunbergii Parl. grown with high salinity were analyzed for chemical characteristics. Stem of 2 years was rich in soluble compounds and stem of 3 years reduced the amount of the soluble compound. But, the lignin content have not seen a large change. Also, Klason lignins of stem of 2 and 3 years has not changed in nitrogen and hydrogen content. In Klason process, it was significantly increased the carbon concentration due to the hydrolysis of the carbohydrate. In addition, the accumulation of xylan from Pinus thunbergii Parl. with salinity treatment were increased noticeably. Finally, functional group of Pinus thunbergii Parl. with salinity treatment were not changed.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.438-453
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• 2019

Background: To investigate the trends of succession occurring at the Pinus thunbergii forests on the lowlands of Jeju Island, we quantified the species compositions and the importance values by vegetation layers of Braun-Blanquet method on the Pinus thunbergii forests. We used multivariate analysis technique to know the correlations between the vegetation group types and the location environmental factors; we used the location environment factors such as altitudes above sea level, tidal winds (distance from the coast), annual average temperatures, and forest gaps to know the vegetation distribution patterns. Results: According to the results on the lowland of Jeju Island, the understory vegetation of the lowland Pinus thunbergii forests was dominated by tall evergreen broad-leaved trees such as Machilus thunbergii, Neolitsea sericea, and Cinnamomum japonicum showing a vegetation group structure of the mid-succession, and the distribution patterns of vegetation were determined by the altitudes above sea level, the tidal winds on the distance from the coast, the annual average temperatures, and the forest gaps. We could discriminate the secondary succession characteristics of the Pinus thunbergii forests on the lowland and highland of Jeju Island of South Korea. Conclusions: In the lowland of Jeju Island, the secondary succession will progress to the form of Pinus thunbergii (early successional species)→Machilus thunbergii, Litsea japonica (mid-successional species)→Machilus thunbergii (late-successional species) sequence in the temperate areas with strong tidal winds. In the highland of Jeju Island, the succession will progress to the form of Pinus thunbergii (early successional species)→Neolitsea sericea, Eurya japonica (mid-successional species)→Castanopsis sieboldii (late-successional species) sequence in the areas where tidal winds are weak and temperatures are relatively low. However, local differences between lowland and highland of Jeju Island will be caused by the micro-environmental factors resulting from the topographic differences and the supply of tree seeds. From the characteristics of succession study, we could properly predict and manage the Pinus thunbergii forest ecosystem on lowland and highland of Jeju Island.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.183-186
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• 2012

곰솔(Pinus thunbergii Parl.)의 잎에 서식하는 내생균의 다양성을 확인하기 위하여 충남 보령의 해안가에 서식하는 곰솔에서 잎을 채취하여 총 19개의 균주를 분리하였다. 분리된 내생균을 ITS 지역과 LSU 지역의 염기서열을 분석하여 동정한 결과 Anthostomella sepelibilis, Beltrania sp., Cladosporium sp., Coniochaeta velutina, Entonaema pallida, Lophodermium sp., Nigrospora sphaerica 등 총 7개 분류군의 내생균을 확보할 수 있었다. 이들 중 Beltrania sp.에 속하는 종이 가장 높은 빈도로 분리되었으며 내생균의 서식 환경이 곰솔의 잎에 서식하는 내생균의 분포에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2015

In this study, we carried out the emissions analysis of CO and $non-CO_2$ for the age-classes of various pine trees(Pinus koraiensis, Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida Mill., Pinus thunbergii Parl.) to estimate of emission factors of the crown layer and surface layer in the forest fire. We used the thermal characteristic analyzer cone heater and NDIR analyzer in order to measure amount of emission. As a result, the major emissions of Pinus koraiensis were $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ and that of Pinus thunbergii Parl. was only CO. The major emissions of the most of pine trees were NO and $N_2O$. The $CO_2$ emission of Pinus thunbergii Parl. was the highest about as $7.26{\times}10^{-2}{\sim}1.63{\times}10^{-1}g$ and next came Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida Mill.. And the CO emission of Pinus thunbergii Parl. was about $5.14{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}6.58{\times}10^{-3}g$ and followed by Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida Mill.. The emissions of $CH_4$, NO, and $N_2O$ showed small differences between species and the emission of $CH_4$ was $8.37{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}2.55{\times}10^{-4}g$, and NO was $6.65{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}2.0{\times}10^{-4}g$ and $N_2O$ was $1.42{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}2.09{\times}10^{-3}g$ in all species. Particularly, the emission of Pinus thunbergii Parl. was the highest in all pine trees except $CH_4$.

• 생태와환경
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2015

본 연구는 태안해안국립공원에 분포하는 식생 현황 및 공간분포 특성을 분석한 후 그 결과를 바탕으로 식생 관리 방안을 제시하기 위해 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 태안해안국립공원에서 확인된 식물군락은 산지 상록활엽수림인 동백 나무군락, 산지 낙엽활엽수림인 소사나무군락, 소사나무 - 곰솔군락, 음나무군락 및 모감주나무군락, 산지침엽수림인 곰솔군락, 곰솔 - 소나무군락 및 소나무군락, 저층습원식생인 갈대군락, 해안사구식생인 순비기나무군락, 갯그령군락, 갯쇠보리군락, 통보리사초군락 및 갯잔디군락, 염습지식생인 해홍나물군락, 식재림인 아까시나무군락이었다. 현존식생도에 나타난 경관유형은 곰솔군락 (3.92%), 소나무군락 (1.40%), 아까시나무군락 (0.05%), 사구식생 (0.11%), 경작지 (0.46%), 해변 (0.24%), 간벌지역 (0.08%), 나지 (0.16%), 바다 (93.58%) 등이었다. 식생유형에서는 곰솔군락이 $14.797km^2$ (3.92%)로 가장 넓은 면적을 차지하였다. 인간 간섭과 이용의 정도에 따라 해안과 내륙에 분포하는 곰솔 군락은 층위구조와 종 조성이 다르게 나타났으며, 교란 빈도가 낮은 지역에서는 떡갈나무 및 졸참나무가 잠재적 식생을 형성하여 천이가 진행되고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 해안에 분포하는 곰솔군락 하층에는 붉은서나물이, 기지포와 삼봉사구에는 갯그령군락과 통보리사초군락이 우점하고 있으며, 그곳을 중심으로 백령풀이 침입하여 넓게 분포하고 있다. 외래식물인 붉은서나물과 백령풀은 확산속도가 빠르게 나타나고 있어 해안식생에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단되며, 이에 대한 모니터링 및 관리방안이 요구된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.45-59
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• 2016

Vegetation and soil conditions of four sites in west coastal forests in South Korea, were examined to analyze the relationship between Pinus thunbergii forests structure and soil conditions. The P. thunbergii forests were divided into four clusters; 1) P. thunbergii - Prunus sargentii var. sargentii, 2) P. thunbergii - Robinia pseudoacacia, 3) P. thunbergii - P. densiflora and 4) P. thunbergii - Quercus serrata. The soil of each site was poor in chemical characteristics but good enough for land plants to grow because of its low salt concentration. According to the results by CCA Ordination, certain excessive soil nutrition has influenced on vegetation and specific species distribution. Forty eight species were found in the whole sites of coastal forests and some species appeared in every site. They are P. thunbergii, R. pseudoacacia, Rhus chinensis, Idesia polycarpa and Morus alba. For the tree species importance value, P. thunbergii was followed by R. pseudoacacia, Q. serrata, P. densiflora, Celtis sinensis, M. alba, I. polycarpa and Q. mongolica in order.