• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.87-89
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• 2003

Although a forest damage of large area due to air pollution has not yet been found in Korea, declines of Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.), the most common coniferous species, have been locally reported. To evaluate the effect of air pollution and acid deposition on the forests, SO$_2$ concentration, acid load, soil pH and tree decline were monitored for 13 years from 1988 to 2001 in Namsan, Doowang and Gyebangsan with the gradient of air pollution. During the study period, annual mean SO$_2$ concentration in Namsan, Doowang and Gyebangsan were 14 ppb, 13 ppb and 6 ppb, respectively. Annual mean acid loads in Namsan and Doowang were three to four times more than that in Gyebangsan. As respected, forest surface soils in Namsan and Doowang were acidified to pH 4.1 and 4.3, whereas that in Gyebangsan showed normal value as pH 5.4. On the other hand, decline degrees of Korean red pines in Namsan and Doowang in both 1996 and 2001 were higher than those in Gyebangsan. It is reasonable that the severer tree declines in Namsan and Doowang could be closely related with the higher air pollution, acid load, and the effects (possibly Ca deficit and Al toxicity) of soil acidification.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.176-181
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• 2004

솔잎 BuOH획분을 하루 25, 50, 100 mg/kg BW로써 SD계 랫트에 45일 동안 투여하여 뇌조직획분의 콜레스테롤 및 LF의 침착, ACh 및 ACh의 합성효소, ChAT, 신경전달에 관여하는 효소 AChE의 활성, 카테콜라민계 신경 전달물질의 파괴효소 MAO-B의 활성에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 뇌조직의 mitochnodria 및 microsome 획분 중의 콜레스테롤이 BuOH-50 및 BuOH-100 투여그룹에서 14∼17% 및 23∼34%의 통계적인 억제효과가 인정되었고, 뇌조직에 대한 LF도 BuOH-50 및 BuOH-100 투여그룹에서 10∼14%의 유의적인 침착 억제효과가 인정되었다. 뇌조직중의 신경전달물질 ACh의 함량 및 ACh의 합성효소 ChAT의 활성은 BuOH획분의 거의 용량의존적으로 증가현상이 나타났지만, BuOH-50 및 BuOH-100 투여그룹에서 각각 11∼17% 및 11∼23%의 통계적인 증가효과가 인정되었을 뿐만 아니라 AChE의 활성도 BuOH-50 및 BuOH-100 투여그룹에서 14∼17%의 통계적인 증가효과가 인정되었다. 뇌조직중의 MAO-B의 활성은 BuOH 획분의 거의 용량의존적으로 억제하였지만, 그 유의성은 인정할 수 없었다. 따라서 솔잎 BuOH 획분의 투여는 뇌조직의 유동성을 축진하고 콜레스테롤의 침착을 억제하며 ACh와 그 관련효소의 활성을 촉진하여 기억ㆍ학습의 증진에 매우 효과적으로 작용할 것으로 기대된다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2003

This study examined the effect of pine needle distillate (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc) on the immune system and hematological parameters. C57BL/6 male mice weighing 20 ~21 g were divided into 3 groups and intraperitonially injected with either 200 $\mu$L of saline (control), 50% diluted (P50) or 100% pine needle distillate (P100) once a day for 24 days. At the end of the experiment, the mice were anesthetized by ether and peripheral blood was collected from the femoral artery and the spleen was excised. Spleen weight decreased significantly (p<0.001) in the pine needle groups compared to the control group. The blood was used for a complete blood count and flow cytometrical analysis after immunofluorescence staining. The pine needle distillate dose-dependently decreased the CD4$^{＋}$/CD8 sup ＋/ ratio (p <0.05), and showed a tendency to increase the mean FSC (forward scatter) values of the CD8$^{＋}$T cells, while decrease the values of the CD4$^{＋}$T cells. There were no significant differences in WBC, RBC and platelet counts among the three groups, but hemoglobin and hemoglobin-related parameters and platelet volume increased and red blood cell volumes decreased with the administration of the pine needle distillate. These results suggest that the pine needle distillate may have immunosuppressive effects.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2004

경복궁의 정전 건물인 근정전에 쓰인 목재의 수종을 식별하기 위하여 기둥, 보, 도리, 창방, 박공 등 총 144점에 대하여 조사한 결과, 소나무와 전나무 두 수종이 식별되었다. 기둥은 1층의 경우 평주 20개 중 11개가 전나무, 9개가 소나무, 내진고주는 12개 중 7개가 전나무, 5개가 소나무, 그리고 귀고주는 3개가 전나무, 1개가 소나무로 식별되어 소나무보다 전나무가 차지하는 비율이 더 높았다. 2층 기둥 16개는 모두 소나무로 구성되어 있었다. 기둥 이외의 다른 부재는 총 92개 중 도리 2개만이 전나무였고, 나머지는 모두 소나무였다. 우리나라 궁궐의 목재가 소나무로 만들어졌다는 통설은 사실과 다르며 재료 수급에 따라 다른 수종도 사용되었음이 밝혀졌다. 조선말 소나무 장대재(長大材)가 고갈되어 강도가 떨어지는 전나무로 기둥을 많이 쓸 수밖에 없었던 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.95-99
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• 2004

솔잎 EtOAc획분을 하루 25, 50, 100mg/kg BW로써 SD계 랫트에 45일동안 투여하여 뇌조직획분의 콜레스테롤 및 lipofuscin(LF)의 침착, acetylcholine(ACh) 및 ACh의 합성효소 choline acetyltransferase(ChAT), 신경전달에 관여하는 효소 acetylcholinesterase(AChE)의 활성, 카테콜아민계 신경전달물질의 파괴효소 monoamine oxidase-B(MAO-B)의 활성에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 뇌조직의 mitochondria 및 microsome획분중의 콜레스테롤이 EtOAc-50 및 EtOAc-100투여그룹에서만 유의적인 11.8-12.1% 및 9.6-13.0%의 침착 억제효과가 인정되었지만, LF는 모든 EtOAc획분의 투여그룹에서 유의적인 침착 억제효과를 인정할 수 없었다. 뇌조직중의 신경전달물질 ACh의 함량 및 ACh의 합성효소 ChAT의 활성은 EtOAc획분의 용량의존적으로 증가현상이 나타났지만, EtOAc-100투여그룹에서만 다같이 약 10%의 유의적인 증가효과가 인정되었다. 또한 뇌조직 중의 신경전달에 관계하는 AChE의 활성도 EtOAc획분의 용량의존적으로 증가현상이 나타났지만, EtOAc-50 및 EtOAc-100투여 그룹에서만 8.2-11.9%의 유의적인 증가효과가 인정되었다. Catecholamine계 신경전달물질의 파괴효소인 MAOB의 활성은 EtOAc획분의 용량의존적으로 억제하였지만, EtOAc-100투여그룹에서만 약 10%의 유의성이 인정되었다. 따라서 솔잎의 EtOAc획분의 투여는 콜레스테롤의 침착을 억제하며 기억$.$학습관련 신경전달물질 및 관련효소의 활성에 매우 유효하게 작용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 1966

Taking an opportunity of the application of clearcutting method, 140 red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) trees grown at Chon-nam province, the southern part of South Korea, were fellen and the tree height, clear-bole length, D.B.H. diameter at base(0.2m above from the ground line) and the length of the longest branch were measured. The correlation between factors mentioned were analysed. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The correlation between crown length and tree height (r=0.821) was sinificant. 2. The correlation between the diameter at base and D.B.H. was highly significant (r=0.961). D.B.H. can be calculated from multiplying the diameter at base by 0.88. 3. A weak relation between D.B.H and tree height was abserved. 4. The positive correlation between tree height and clear-bole-length was calculated, but it was not sharp between D.B.H. and the length of the longest branch. 5. The height, basal area, D.B.H. and volume increment by tree class calculated from the data of the stem analysis are presented (Tab. 3~10).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2004

In this study, the Korean pine wood (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc) and Italian poplar wood (Populus euramericana Guinier) was treated with a mixture of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and boric acid. Their usability as fire retardant and as decay-resistant construction and interior materials were evaluated by testing of chemicals, corrosion rate and absorption rate, weight loss and chemical contents. An experiment was performed to compare treated pine wood and Italian poplar wood. According to the results, Italian poplar wood had higher specific gravity and retention of chemicals than pine wood, and treated wood showed higher decay-resistance than untreated one. Weight loss was less in treated wood than untreated one because the degree of decay was lower in the former than the latter. Corrosion rate and absorption rate met the KS standard for wood preservative performance. The chemical contents analysis was carried out to determine the degree of decay and it was found that the preservative effect of chemical treatment was lower in Italian poplar wood than in pine wood.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 1995

With the aim to utilize pine wood(Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) as an interior building materials, such as flooring material, monoethylene glycol(MEG) resin solution was impregnated into greenwood. Specimens of three different qualities, that is, normal wood, resinous wood and compression wood, were prepared. Distribution of resin element(phosphorus) in MEG resin solution-impregnated woods and preservative effectiveness against brown rot fungi(Tyromyces palustris and Serpula lacrymans) of these woods were investigated. The results were as follows: 1. The concentration of phosphorus into cell walls of resinous wood and compression wood was lower compared to that of normal wood. This shows that the quality of wood has an influence on the penetration of MEG resin solution into the wood. It was shown from a leaching test that MEG resin could be leached out easily from the cell walls. 2. The resinous wood and compression wood, even without MEG resin solution impregnation had high decay resistance. For normal wood, significant improvement of preservative effectiveness was observed after impregnation of MEG resin solution. It was shown that MEG resin was leached out from the woods after leaching test, resulting in the reduction of preservative effectiveness. From this result, suitability of MEG resin solution-impregnated woods as an interior materials was recognized.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2021

Most cervical cancers are associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Currently, cervical cancer treatment entails surgical removal of the lesion, but treatment of infection and preventing tissue damage are issues that still remain to be addressed. Herbal medicine and biological studies have focused on developing antiviral drugs from natural sources. In this study, we analyzed the potential antiviral effects of Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. leaf extracts against HPV. The pine needle extracts from each organic solvent were analyzed for antiviral activity. The methylene chloride fraction (PN-MC) showed the highest activity against HPV pseudovirus (PV). The PN-MC extract was more effective before, rather than after treatment, and therefore represents a prophylactic intervention. Mice were pre-treated with PN-MC via genital application or oral administration, followed by a genital or subcutaneous challenge with HPV PV, respectively. The HPV challenge results showed that mice treated via genital application exhibited complete protection against HPV. In conclusion, PN-MC represents a potential topical virucide for HPV infection.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.591-607
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• 2020

This study was aimed to investigate the changes of chemical composition of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from red pine needles in the process of needle abscission or senescence. The VOCs in intact, senescent, and litter red pine needle samples were analyzed by headspace-solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS). And then, multivariate statistical interpretation of the processed data sets was conducted to investigate similarities and dissimilarities of the needle samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to investigate the dataset structure and discrimination between samples, respectively. From the data preview, the levels of major components of VOCs from needles were not significantly different between needle samples. By PCA investigation, the data reduction according to classification based on the chlorophyll a / chlorophyll b (Ca/Cb) ratio were found to be ideal for differentiating intact, senescent, and litter needles. The following OPLS-DA taking Ca/Cb ratio as y-variables showed that needle samples were well grouped on score plot and had the significant discriminant compounds, respectively. Several compounds had significantly correlated with Ca/Cb ratio in a bivariate correlation analysis. Notably, the litter needles had a higher content of oxidized compounds than the intact needles. In summary, we found that chemical compositions of VOCs between intact, senescent, and litter needles are different each other and several compounds reflect characteristic of needle.