• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.745-756
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• 2016

개인정보 침해사고가 잇따르고 그 피해규모가 심각함에 따라 정부에서는 개인정보의 보호를 위하여 다수의 개인정보보호 관련 인증제도를 도입하였다. 그중에서도 PIMS와 PIPL은 서로 유사한 점이 많아 중복규제라는 문제점이 제기되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 그동안 논란이 되어 온 PIMS와 PIPL 간의 중복성을 규명하기 위하여 두 인증제도 심사기준의 중복성을 구문분석을 통해 평가한다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 PIM-SM 멀티캐스트 그룹 통신에서 사용자의 정보 보호를 위한 그룹 키 관리 프로토콜을 제안한다. 이는 PR에 멀티캐스트 그룹 키를 관리하는 키 관리자를 두어 송신사 고유의 그룹 키를 부여하고 데이터를 수신자에게 전송하기 이전에 RP는 인증된 수신자에게 송신자의 그룹 키를 전달한다. 송신자가 그룹 키로 암호화한 후 RP에게 전송을 하면 RP는 각 수신자에게 전송하고, 수신자는 미리 받은 송신자의 그룹 키로 데이터를 복호화 할 수 있다. 따라서 그룹 키에 의한 데이터 변환 작업이 불필요하여 데이터 전송 시간이 단축되며, 최소거리경로로의 변화에도 새로운 키 분배 없이 데이터 전송이 가능하다.

• 셀메드
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.19.1-19.6
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• 2014

The most important reason mentioned for the early discontinuation of breast feeding and introduction of supplementary bottles is Perceived Insufficient Milk (PIM), which is relatively common in women. This is of public health concern because the use of breast milk substitutes increases the risk of morbidity and mortality among infants in developing countries and shortens birth intervals. Thus, a literary search in classical text for aetiopathogenesis, symptoms and treatment of PIM were appraised to implement in contemporary era. The classical Unani texts viz., Al Qanon fit Tib (Canon of Medicine), Al Hawi (Continens Liber), Zakheera Kharzam Shahi, Tarjuma Kamilus Sana, Tibbe Akbar, Akseer Azam, and Kitabul Kulliyat were reviewed. Further certain galactogogue herbs which are in use since antiquity such as fenugreek, cotton seeds, cumin, asparagus, black cumin etc were explored in different search engines on website for proven galactogogue activity. The causes of PIM are abnormal temperament of body or breast, anaemia, anxiety, depression, malnutrition etc. The principle treatment is treating the cause viz., the temperament is corrected by diet and drugs in abnormal temperament, elimination of humour is required in dominance of humour etc. The aforementioned drugs are proven scientifically for their galactogogue activity. The classical texts are having valuable information regarding PIM, which can be implemented in present era. Aforementioned Unani drugs are proven scientifically for with their galactogogue effect, however, clinical trials are scarce. Therefore, further randomized controlled clinical trials are recommended.

• 약학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.205-214
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• 2010

This study aimed to evaluate the patterns of inappropriate medication use and inappropriate dosage in elderly patients in Korea. A retrospective study was performed for the elderly 65 years or older admitted from January 2007 to December 2007 in a medical center, Seoul, Korea. Potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use in the elderly was evaluated using Beers criteria. Eighteen drugs out of Beers criteria were included in the formulary of the institute. Inappropriate dosage was set using Beers criteria, CMS (the Centers for Medicare& Medicaid Services) guideline, Geriatric Dosage Handbook. As results, the patients with PIM were 2,172 during the study period. The commonly used inappropriate medications were drugs for the nervous system (n=1237, 44.78%), the alimentary System (n=663, 24.54%) and the cardiovascular system (n=494, 18.28%). The elderly patients with prescription of inappropriate dosage were 10% out of patients with PIMs. The commonly inappropriate dosage drugs were digoxin (n=75, 27.27%), diazepam (n=70, 22.55%) and ferrous sulfate (n=66, 24.00%). Logistic regression analysis showed the number of PIM, days of hospital stay as predictors related to inappropriate dosage use. In conclusion, CNS drugs were frequently prescribed as PIM and inappropriate dosages were identified. It is needed to develop a means of decreasing adverse drug events in elderly.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2017

Increased demand for parts with micro-pattern structure made of metals, ceramics, and composites in various fields such as medical ultrasonic sensors, CT collimators, and ultra-small actuator parts. Micro powder injection molding (PIM) is a technology for manufacturing micro size, high volume, complex, precision, net-shape components from either metal or ceramic powder. In the present study, a standard mold with a variable insert core capable of producing various micro patterns was investigated. An injection molding test was performed on a standard mold using a line type micro-pattern core having an aspect ratio of 2, a slenderness ratio of 70, a pattern size of $200{\mu}m$, and a pattern spacing of $150{\mu}m$. During the filling process, the deformation of the mold with large aspect ratio and slenderness ratio was analyzed by the experiment and the numerical simulation according to the position of the gate. We proposed a mold structure that minimizes mold deformation by gate modification and enables uniform pattern filling behavior.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.188-196
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• 1987

This paper describes a design method for the buck type switching regulator to improve transient and steady state performances. Necessary design considerations on the power stage are given before designing the controller to obtain better trandient responses with less control effort and a feedforward compensation is also given to effectively improve the steady state performance. In the design of the controller, a PIM (proportional-integral-measurable) control method with optimized constant feedback gains is presented to get better tansient and steady state performances without complicating the implementation of controller. Computer simulations and experimental results are given to show the usefulness of the presented technique.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.83-84
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• 2006

Due to the capability of net shaping for complex 3D geometry, powder injection molding (PIM) is widely used for automotive parts, electronics and medical industry. In this study, an ultrasonic dental scaler tip produced by machining process was redesigned for the PIM process. An injection mold was designed and manufactured to produce the dental scaler tip by the PIM process.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.142-148
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• 2023

In this paper, we identify performance issues in executing compute kernels from PolyBench, which includes compute kernels that are the core computational units of various data-intensive workloads, such as deep learning and data-intensive applications, on Processing-in-Memory (PIM) devices. Therefore, using our in-house simulator, we measured and compared the various performance metrics of workloads based on traditional out-of-order and in-order processors with Processing-in-Memory-based systems. As a result, the PIM-based system improves performance compared to other computing models due to the short-term data reuse characteristic of computational kernels from PolyBench. However, some kernels perform poorly in PIM-based systems without a multi-layer cache hierarchy due to some kernel's long-term data reuse characteristics. Hence, our evaluation and analysis results suggest that further research should consider dynamic and workload pattern adaptive approaches to overcome performance degradation from computational kernels with long-term data reuse characteristics and hidden data locality.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1085-1088
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• 2002

Calix[6]arene having both carboxylic acid (1,3,5-) and carboxamide (2,4,6-) in an alternative way was synthesized. Transport rates of alkali and alkaline-earth metal ions were tested in bulk liquid membrane and polymer inclusion membrane. Ba2+ ion was found to give the highest transport rate among tested metal ions in both BLM and PIM systems. In PIM system, high durability (longer than 30 days) of the membrane was observed.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2011

There was a transition from participatory irrigation management (PIM) to public irrigation management (PubIM) in Korea when Korea Rural corporation and Community (KRC) merged with Farm Land Improvement Associations (FLIAs), which had managed 60 % of irrigation areas. While making a number of achievements, some problems occurred in the public irrigation management, such as lack of farmers' participation, increased amount of water usage, and elevating operating costs. Accordingly, this paper suggested ways to increase efficiency in water usage and reduce operating costs under the public management through the motive power of farmers participation. First, WUGs replaced the discarded water management committee should be reorganized to revive the concept of PIM in the form of autonomously reinforced one and the roles and functions of WUGs and the board of representatives should be strengthened. The member of new type of WUGs should participate in the national and regional water management committees as a stakeholder of irrigation water user. And also new type of WUGs initiates not only the management of irrigation water but also the management of irrigation water quality and non-point source pollution in the watersheds. Those additional activities of WUGs should be properly compensated. Second, subsidies (direct payments) should be provided to faithful farmers as an incentive for their labor supply. Third, water fees could be charged to large scale agriculture companies. Fourth, professional managers could be hired, management targets would be adjusted, and incentives should be offered. These efforts are expected to improve the irrigation management by encouraging farmers' participation under public system.