• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

Many pilots of the Korean Air Force(ROKAF) leave their jobs in order to move out to civilian airlines. Thanks to this considerable turnover phenomenon, the ROKAF faces a serious lack of air defense power. While the common understanding of this problem mainly talks about 'money' as the main cause of turnover, some pilots point out rather different issues. Many pilots say in a large-scale survey that they face serious job stresses not only from relative shortage of their income compared to civilian pilots, camp life, separated family conditions, overly loaded administrative works, but also from their professional flight trainings and low promotion rate to high ranks. The survey shows, however, at the same time, that the ROKAF pilots do not consider their job trainings and overall roles as the military pilots as the main factor causing the intention to turnover. A critical aspect of the pilots' job condition is many stress factors consistently affect overall job satisfaction level which stimulates the decision to turnover when they have to choose between the extension of military service as a pilot and moving-out to civilian airlines for new pilot's life. In other words, they accept the job difficulties as pilot in the military, but their long-term job satisfaction level is negatively affected by the job stresses.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.42-49
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• 2018

Pilot Aptitude Research Equipment (PARE) is a simulator developed to measure or research pilot aptitude and train for student pilots. Design of an ergonomic PARE operation console is required to operate the equipment effectively. This study carried out five steps : (S1) operator questionnaire survey, (S2) anthropometric design formula development, (S3) usability evaluation, (S4) improvement design, and (S5) validation considering both Physical User Interface (PUI) and Graphic User Interface (GUI) of PARE operation console. The operator questionnaire surveyed needs for each PUI and GUI part of the console from two PARE actual operators. In terms of PUI, the anthropometric design formula was developed by using design variables, body dimensions, target population characteristics, and reference posture related to the PARE console. In terms of GUI, the usability evaluation was conducted by three usability testing experts with a 7-point scale (1 : very low, 4 : neutral, 7 : very high) on GUI of the PARE operation console by seven usability criteria. The improved PARE operation console was designed to reflect the optimal values of design variables calculated from design formula, the results from usability testing, and the operator's needs. The improvement effect was observed by 20 people who had experience with the PARE operation console. As a result of the validation, monitor visibility and cockpit visibility for the improved PUI design and visibility and efficiency for the improved GUI design were significantly increased by more than 90% respectively. The improved design of the PARE operation console in this study can contribute to enhance operation performance of the PARE.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 2023

GAIN in the US explained in its Pilot/Controller Collaboration Initiatives report that "pilots and air traffic controllers talk to each other all day long, but they rarely communicate." The starting point for the study was the question of whether differences in flight safety perceptions and culture between pilots and air traffic controllers, or other factors, could lead to mutual misunderstandings of procedures and instructions. Digest with The many processes that must be solved within tight deadlines increase the likelihood of accidents through cascading risk factors such as James Reason's Swiss Cheese Theory. Despite the fact that the pilot-air traffic controller complex, which is the subject of flight, occupies a considerable part, there is no integrated management for safe operation between the two groups. Therefore, this research aims to achieve integrated management of safety and education for safe operation between pilots and air traffic controllers through JCRM..

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.711-718
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• 2014

Investigated the processing characteristics of the pollutants and runoff due to storm events in the actual application of the road fields and a Non-Point Sources (NPS) pilot scale equipment. This phenomenon has occurred in the influent bypass the blockage occurs after 90 min the expended polymeric media was filled with filtered column. When entering a treatment tank SS 200 mg/L or more high concentration of effluent treatment efficiency was reduced from the reaction time 60 min. Influent concentration less then SS 180 mg/L was stable handling. The $COD_{Cr}/SS$ ratio were analyzed with 0.67, median value. Showed 92.1% and 82.3% respectively with an average removal rate of the SS and the $COD_{Cr}$. If the influent concentration of TP is the 0.5 mg/L or less, the quality of the treated water is 0.1 mg/L levels were expressed in a stable process. And when entering the 1.0 mg/L or more of the treated water, had a greater than average 0.2 mg/L. If the influent concentration of TN is 4~10 mg/L, the treatment water quality level was kept a 1.5~3.0 mg/L. The average removal efficiency of TP and TN respectively 73.9%, 50.4%.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate effective treatment point selection method using oppressive pain in acupoints as elementary attempt for standard methodology of clinical acupuncture studies. Methods : Twenty seven subjects with hypertension or within prehypertension category - systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) over 120/80mmHg - were divided into two groups, oppressive pain point treatment group and oppressive painless point treatment group. In oppressive pain point treatment group, single point acupuncture (SPA) was conducted for 16 sessions during 8 weeks on most oppressive painful point among 6 selected acupuncture points used in previous trials and clinic. As a SPA intervention, 15 minutes with deqi sensation- elevating manipulation was conducted on the treatment acupoint. Same process was conducted in oppressive painless point treatment group on most oppressive painless point with subject blinding. Results : Significant reduction was observed in both systolic and diastolic BP after short time intervention (15.5/8.8 mmHg, 10.7/7.1 mmHg, P<0.05, respectively at 1 week) and maintained for 8 weeks intervention period in all groups (12.8/8.0 mmHg, 19.4/12.6 mmHg, P<0.05, respectively). No significant difference of BP change between oppressive pain point treatment group (N=10) and oppressive painless point treatment group (N=9) was observed during 8 weeks study period. Conclusions : SPA treatment as used in this pilot study was effective for lowering BP in mild hypertensive population, but oppressive pain in acupoint had no effect on treatment. This present result suggests the possibility of SPA for hypertension treatment regardless of oppressive pain.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.3
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• pp.83-122
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to inquire management satisfaction factors of cook, and to grope for the correlation of career, number of cook, income, and education. To attain the purpose of this study, questionnaire was developed through pilot test. Questionnaire scale was adopted 5 point. The SPSS package was utilized for the analyses of questionnaire. The method was Frequency analysis and Chi Square analysis. The results obtained from the above data-based analysis are concentrated on management satisfaction to cook, and management recruiting method.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.937-940
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• 1992

A cost-saving feeding rate contro method for a batch reaction process is proposed by reconfigurating the flow rate control loop where the feeding rate is estimated by differentiating weight measurement. While the existing control methods require either a flow rate measurement device or a flow rate estimator, the proposed method is devised not to require neither of these facilities by directly controlling the tank weight with a time-varying set point. Experimental evaluation in a pilot-scale unit shows that the proposed method can significantly reduce the actuator hunting of the existing method where the flow rate is estimated by differentiating the weight measurement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1987.06a
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• pp.1-18
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• 1987

윤활유 첨가제는 윤활기유의 물리적, 화학적 성질을 보완 또는 강화시킴으로서 윤활유로서 소기의 목적을 달성케하도록 첨가하는 원유증유분이 아닌 화학물질로서 그 종류는 사용목적에 따라 많은 종류가 사용되고 있다. 현재는 년 300 ton 규모의 pilot-plant 에서 5종의 첨가제 시제품을 생산하여 이들의 additive package를 제조하고 VI improver, pour point depressant 등 기타 첨가제들과 혼련시켜 10W-30 SF/CD 급의 내연기관용 윤활유 제조를 위한 혼련기술을 개발중에 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.834-846
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• 2017

An increase in the number of retiring experienced pilots as well as drastic graying of new pilots will raise the problems on deepening imbalance of supply and demand of pilots over the next 7 years, which could entail fatal problems for the safety of harbour pilotage. In this study, the improvement plan of legal system to ease imbalance between supply and demand of pilots and help secure more experienced pilots has been proposed. A current state survey and analysis, statistical analysis, questionnaire survey on foreign countries, in-depth consultation with experts, etc., were all carried out to support this research. The conclusions of this study are, firstly, to propose an amendment that the minimum requirement of 5 years of seagoing service as a master to sit for the pilot exam should be relaxed to 2 years(which must include at least 1 year of master's seagoing service within the most recent 5 years) but the minimum requirement of 1 year of pilotage service should be reinforced to 1 year and 6 months to obtain a higher class of pilot certificate. Secondly, it is proposed that an amendment offering an additional 1 point per year over the minimum period of 2 years of seagoing service as a master should be added, with a maximum of 10 points in order to rationalize the additional incentive point system. In order to secure experienced pilots and resolve the legal conflict between the certificate revalidation system and the retirement system, it is also proposed that an amendment be passed revoking the retirement system and limiting the validity of any new certificates only to 68 years of age when issuing or revalidating a certificate, if an applicant is over a certain age. Promotional work, such as collecting opinions from interested parties and generating positive public awareness, should be carried out in the future. It will also be necessary to conduct a study on the training pilot exam system.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1990.10a
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• pp.225-228
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• 1990

The major difficulty in distillation column control lies in executing the set point tracking and the disturbance rejection, because of continuous changes in model order and dead time. For that, generalized predictive control(GPC) was applied to distillation column control. Recursive least square method was used to adjust the changes of model order and dead time. Quadratic progamming(QP) was used to solve the constraint problems in control action and the rate of control action. As a result of the simulation on the dynamic simulator(SPEEDUP) and the experiment on pilot plant, the ability of the set point tracking and the disturbance rejection was acceptable to apply to the real distillation column.