• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.84-107
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• 2018

Cheommojik is a pile cloth, a type of textile whose surface is covered with short piles. The term chaedam was used during the late Joseon dynasty to refer to pile cloth rugs, while the terms yoongjeon, dantong and yangtanja were used in the early twentieth century. Various documents, newspaper articles and photographs confirm that pile cloth rugs were used by the general public as well as the royal family from the late Joseon dynasty onward, and that there were domestic manufacturers of such rugs at that time. This study investigated six pile cloth rugs that were produced after the late Joseon dynasty, five of which feature Persian knots made of cut pile, the other being made with the loop pile method. The cut pile rugs are rectangular in shape and measure between 72-98cm by 150-156cm; and they are decorated in the middle with patterns of butterfly, deer, and tiger or the ten longevity symbols, and along the edges with patterns composed of 卍 symbols. The ground warp of all six rugs are made from cotton yarn, while the ground weft is made of cotton yarn on three pieces, wool on one piece and cotton and viscose rayon. The ground weft yarn from four pieces are Z-twist yarn made with two or more S-twist cotton yarn. Four to six colors were used for the pile weft, all being natural colors except for red. Two or more S- or Z-twist yarn were twisted together in the opposite twist for the pile weft, with the thickness determining the number of threads used. Six or more weft threads were used to make the start and end points of the rug; and the ground warp ends were arranged by tying every four of them together. For the left and right edges, three or more threads were wrapped together into a round stick-like form, and the second and third inner ground warps from the edges were stitched on to the wrapped edge. For the loop pile, loops were made in the direction of the warp; the ground warp and the ground weft may have been made with cotton, the pile warp with wool yarn. An analysis of the components of three rugs was conducted to determine which types of animal hair were used for the pile weft. Despite some inconclusive results, it was revealed that goat hair and fat-tailed sheep hair were used, raising the possibility that various kinds of animal fur were used in the production of pile cloth rugs. The six rugs examined in this study are estimated to have been made between the late 1800s and the early 1900s. Although the manufacturer of the rugs cannot be confirmed, we concluded that the rugs were produced in Korea after referring to the documentation of the domestic production of pile cloth rugs during the aforementioned period and the form and placements of the patterns on the rugs.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.125-128
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• 2011

Alignment failure sometimes occurs during the rubbing process because the rubbing cloth comes in direct contacts with the surface of the alignment film. A number of researches observed and evaluated the surface of the alignment film after the rubbing process had been reported. The real-time rubbing process has not been observed directly yet, though. In this study, the movement of the piles of the rubbing cloth during the rubbing process was observed with a high-speed camera. Furthermore, the relationship between the rubbing scratch on the alignment films and the movement of the pile was investigated. It was found that the movement of the pile affected the rubbing scratches.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.11-16
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• 1979

Recently towel cloth has a good prospect as sports wear and out fashion wear. So we will discuss correlational effects between towel cloth quality and it's physical properties. In order to investigate the effect of pile length on the stiffness and absorption of the towel cloth, some experiments have been carried out, and then analyzed by the correlation coefficient.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.385-389
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• 2011

In rubbing process, process factors, the properties of alignment layer and the physical properties of rubbing cloth have acted as important variables. These factors affect the orientation properties of the alignment layer by rubbed extent that is determined by rubbing density and rubbing force. In this work, we studied the effects of rubbing cloths with different pile density and rigidity on rubbing density(length) and rubbing force. As the pile density and rigidity of rubbing cloths increased, the birefringence and the surface roughness of the rubbed alignment layers became bigger, but the characteristics of rubbing-effect had differed each other. The pile density of rubbing cloths which was related with the number of pile, affected the rubbing density(length). On the other hand, the pile rigidity of rubbing was closely related to rubbing force rather than the rubbing density(length).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.561-567
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to find out the removal capacity of harmful ammonia by different filter media in the submerged biological filters in a given space of chamber. Four materials, pile cloth, corrugated skylight roofing plate, embossed plastic plate, and gravel, were used as the experimental filter media. Each filter medium was placed in two aquariums, each aquarium measuring $90cm\times60cm\times60cm\;(depth)$. Under the normal operating condition, the average of mean ammonia removal rates during the first and second functioning periods by each filter material which occupied tile space in the filter chamber (aquarium) was as follows: 1. Pile cloth: $8.381\;g{\cdot}m^{-3}.\;day^{-1}$ 2. Corrugated skylight roofing plate: $7.834\;g{\cdot}m^{-3}.\;day^{-1}$ 3. Embossed plastic plate: $7.797\;g{\cdot}m^{-3}.\;day^{-1}$ 4. Gravel: $7.051\;g{\cdot}m^{-3}.\;day^{-1}$ Thus, there were no significant differences between the media, but at the time of practical application of these materials, some other factors such as investment cost, easiness for the removal of excess detritus accumulated in tile interstices of filter media, etc. should be fallen into consideration. When large units are required, in particular, removal of excess detritus from tile gravel bed is extremely difficult, and in case of pile cloth filters the installation work is much complicated and a problem in supporting the structure when drained also exists. In these respects, corrugated skylight roofing plate and embossed plastic plate seem to be more optimal, but again in practice the local situation for the availability and the price of the materials should be rechecked and the fitness of tile materials in the particular filter chambers under use or under consideration for construction must be taken into account.