• Title/Summary/Keyword: Pigment analysis

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HPLC Analysis of Biomass and Community Composition of Microphytobenthos in the Saemankeum Tidal flat, West Coast of Korea (한국 서해 새만금 갯벌에서 저서미세조류의 생체량과 군집조성에 대한 HPLC 분석)

  • OH Seung-Jin;MOON Chang-Ho;PARK Mi-Ok
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.215-225
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    • 2004
  • Biomass and community composition of microphytobenthos in the Saemankeum tidal flat were studied by HPLC analysis of the photosynthetic pigments from November 2001 to November 2002. The environmental factors of sediment were also investigated to examine the relationship between microphytobenthos biomass and sedimentary environments. The detected photosynthetic pigments of microphytobenthos were chlorophyll a, b, c, fucoxanthin, 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, violaxanthin, diadinoxanthin, alloxanthin, diatoxanthin, zeaxanthin+lutein, peridinin and beta-carotene. Pheophytin a, the degradation product of chlorophyll a, was also detected. The results of pigmen analysis suggest the presence of diatom (fucoxanthin), euglenophytes (chlorophyll b), chlorophytes (chlorophyll b + lutein), cyanobacteria (zeaxanthin), cryptophytes (alloxanthin), chrysophytes (fucoxanthin + violaxanthin), prymnesiophytes (19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin) and dinoflagellates (peridinin). Chlorophyll a concentration in the top 0.5 cm of sediment was in the range of $0.24\;mg{\cdot}m\^{-2}\;-32.11\;mg{\cdot}m\^{-2}$ in the study area. The increase of chlorophyll a concentration in the spring indicates the occurrence of a microphytobenthic bloom. In the summer, there was a sharp decrease of the chlorophyll a concentration which was probably due to high grazing activity by macrobenthos. The annual mean chlorophyll a concentration in the study area was low compared to that in most of other tidal flat areas probably due to active resuspension of microphytobenthos and high grazing activity by macrobenthos. There was no clear relationship between microphytobenthos biomass and sedimentary environments because of a large variety of physical, chemical and biological factors, Pigment analysis indicated that while diatoms were dominated in the microphytobenthic community of the Geojon tidal flat, euglenophytes and/or chlorophytes coexisted with diatoms in the Mangyung River tidal flat.

Scientific Analysis and Conservation of Nectar Ritual Painting in the 16th Century (16세기 감로도의 과학적 조사와 보존)

  • Ahn, Jiyoon;Cheon, Juhyun;Kim, Sooyeon
    • Conservation Science in Museum
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    • v.14
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    • pp.13-22
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    • 2013
  • The Nectar Ritual Painting(Jeung7551) in National Museum of Korea is estimated to have been produced in the 16th century. Ezimagodo who is the head priest of Ruganji in Kyoto, Japan donated this painting in 2010. Overall, damages were serious, such as missing, staining, folding, insects of the face and mounting silk, therefore, it need to conservation treatment. The treatment of conservation in painting was removing surface stains and repairing missing area. It was mounted by following the original form. The analysis result of textile in mounting and support fiber used silk and hemp in microscope. Pigments in paint were divided into six color types. This painting was used that vermilion(cinnabar) and red lead for red color, litharge(massicot) and gold for yellow color, lead white for white color, malachite for green color, azurite for blue color, and carbon black(chinese ink) for black color.

Response of Leaf Pigment and Chlorophyll Fluorescence to Light Quality in Soybean (Glycine max Merr. var Seoritae) (콩의 광질에 대한 엽 색소 및 엽록소 형광반응 연구)

  • Park, Sei-Joon;Kim, Do-Yun;Yoo, Sung-Yung;Kim, Hyun-Hee;Ko, Tae-Seok;Shim, Myong-Yong;Park, So-Hyun;Yang, Ji-A;Eom, Ki-Cheol;Hong, Sun-Hee;Kim, Tae-Wan
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.400-406
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    • 2010
  • Etiolation of plant leaves evoke to be photosynthetically inactive because plant leaves are unable to convert photochlorophyllide to chlorophyllide in the absence of light. In addition, UV-B radiation plays an important role in photomorphogenesis and excessive UV-B radiation decreases photosynthesis and causes to damage to cellular DNA. In the present study, two electrical lights obtained with the ultraviolet lamp and moderate lamp were employed to young plants soybean (Glycine max Merr. var Seoritae). After treatment of different lights, young plants were harvested for the determination of pigment contents and chlorophyll fluorescence. The contents of carotenoids and anthocyanins were significantly enhanced with the excessive UV-B radiation. Excessive UV-B light reduced dramatically photosynthetic efficiency causing an irreversible damage on PSII in comparison to the controls treated under normal illumination. As the treatment of normal illumination after dark treatment, the contents of carotenoids and anthocyanains were not changed in the leaves and photosynthetic ability were retained. Therefore, Seoritae soybean leaves might protect themselves from excessive UV-B radiation with up-regulation of antioxidants.

Grazing of Brackish Water Cyclopoid Copepod Paracyclopina nana on Different Microalgae Species and Concentrations (미세조류의 종류와 농도에 따른 기수산 cyclopoid 요각류 Paracyclopina nana의 섭식)

  • Min, Byeong-Hee;Park, Heum-Gi;Hur, Sung-Bum
    • Journal of Aquaculture
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.310-314
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    • 2006
  • This study was carried out to investigate grazing of brackish water cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana on four microalgae species (Tetraselmis suecica, Isochrysis galbana, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Dunaliella tertiolecta) and different food concentrations raging from 5 to 55 ng chl a/ml. The grazing of P. nana was examined by the analysis of decreased number of microalgae and chlorophyll a content in rearing water and pigment content in the gut of P. nana. The maximum content of decreased chlorophyll a and gut pigment in P. nana varied with microalgae species and concentrations. It appeared at the food concentration 30 ng chl a/ml in T. suecica, 40 ng chl a/ml in I. galnaba and D. tertiolecta, and 45 ng chl a/ml in P. tricornutum, respectively. The grazing rate of a P. nana per hour also varied with different microalgae species and concentrations. The maximum grazing rate per hour of P. nana fed T. suecica with 39.3 ng chl a/ml was the highest with 0.63 ng chl a/h, but lowest with 0.52 ng chl a/h. From these results, it can be concluded that T. suecica is the best species among four microalgae species for the mass culture of P. nana and daily optimum food concentration of P. nana is $25{\sim}39$ ng chl a (approximately $10{\sim}15{\times}10^4$ cells).

Functional Analysis of a Grapevine UDP-Glucose Flavonoid Glucosyl Transferase (UFGT) Gene in Transgenic Tobacco Plants (담배 형질전환체를 이용한 포도 UDP-glucose flavonoid glucosyl transferase (UFGT) 유전자의 기능 분석)

  • Park, Ji-Yeon;Park, Sung-Chool;Pyee, Jae-Ho
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.292-297
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    • 2010
  • Anthocyanin, a phenolic compound, is a pigment that shows blue or red color in the fruit, petal and other tissues. It is an important factor in grape berry skin pigment and accumulates only in the skin. This skin-specific accumulation of anthocyanin has been reported to be regulated by the ufgt gene which encodes UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase that participates in the biosynthesis of anthocyanin. The ufgt gene is expressed only in berry skin, while the other genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway are expressed in both skin and flesh tissues. In order to determine whether anthocyanin accumulation is primarily regulated by compartment of UFGT, a ufgt cDNA clone was isolated from grape berry, its open reading frame was ligated in pBI121 vector in either a sense or an antisense orientation under the control of the CaMV35S promoter and the recombinant constructs were incorporated into tobacco plants. Several transgenic lines were selected and characterized to determine the level of expression of the grapevine ufgt transcript and endogenous homologs of tobacco. Compared to the wild-type, the amount of anthocyanins in sense transgenic plants increased by 44%, while the amount of anthocyanins in antisense transgenic plants decreased by 88%. In addition, the color of flowers became intense in the sense transgenic plants. These results suggest that over-expression or repression of the ufgt gene affected the accumulation of anthocyanin in flowers of tobacco.

Material Characteristics and Deterioration Diagnosis of the Pagoda of Buddhist Priest Jeongjin in Bongamsa Temple, Mungyeong, Korea (문경 봉암사 정진대사원오탑의 재질특성과 훼손도 진단)

  • Yi, Jeong-Eun;Lee, Chan-Hee;Han, Byeong-Il
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.357-369
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    • 2011
  • The Bongamsa Jeongjindaesa Wonotap Pagoda (Treasure No. 171) constructed in the 10th century composed mainly of leucocratic granite with feldspar phenocryst. The major rock-forming minerals are quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase and some biotite. This pogoda is highly damaged physical weathering which are break-out, flakes, exfoliation and cracks. As a result of the infrared thermography on the surface of the pagoda, internal exfoliations occurred to cracks. Also, P-XRF analysis showed that Fe, S, Ca and Mn of concentration were so high in the discoloration parts. The coated part of red pigment has a high five times in Fe content than the fresh rock surface. This result suggests that material of red pigment is hematite. Ultrasonic velocity of the stone properties were from 831 to 2,457 m/s, but it measured velocity of less than 1,000m/s in part of damaged area. Therefore, we suggest for safety conservation for weathered parts of the pagoda, that is in want of rejoin and consolidation treatment about serious damage parts.

Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Superjami (슈퍼자미의 이화학적 특성 및 항산화 활성)

  • Kim, Ki-Bbeum;Choi, Soo-Keun;Kim, Dong-Seok
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.28 no.6
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    • pp.789-796
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    • 2012
  • This study attempted to investigate the characteristics of Superjami, which had a high C3G (cyandin-3-glucoside) content by comparing it with common rice (Ilpum) and black rice (Heougjinju, Suwon 415) for their components and physio-chemical characteristics. There were no significant differences in the water content, however there were significant differences in crude protein and crude fat in the order of Ilpum < Superjami < Heougjinju. As for the morphological characteristics of grains, it had been learned that Superjami was heavier and longer than the common rice, moreover Superjami had bigger seeds. As for the hardness of grains, the longer the time of steeping, the more decreased their hardness was at large. In the case of color, they showed significant differences in all the L, a, and b values of grains and flours. As a result of the experiment of pigment elution after steeping of the rice flours at $20^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$, the longer the time steeping, the more increased the pigment elution became. The values are bigger with Heougjinju and Superjami than with Ilpum. As for the elution pH after rice steeping, the longer the time of steeping, the lower pH all the assays tended to have. As a result of the analysis of the total polyphenol contents of Ilpum, Heougjinju, and Superjami, it had turned out that the total polyphenol contents of Heougjinju and Superjami are 1.2 times as high as Ilpum, a common rice, and that Superjami is significantly higher than Heougjinju. As a result of the experiment of DPPH radical scavenging ability, there are significant differences among the assays in the order of Superjami > Heougjinju > Ilpum. Futher, it has turned out that Superjami has a higher DPPH radical scavenging ability than Heougjinju. Consequently, it can be stated that Superjami has a strong anti-oxidative ability. Thus, we should more precisely grasp the cooking characteristics of Superjami, which is in the state of brown rice, via comparing it with a common brown rice, and also provide opportunities to apply Superjamii to more foods by studying its starch characteristics in addition to its grain and flour properties.

Characteristics of White Pigments Used in Jiho Oh and Bonung Gu's Paintings Produced in Modern and Contemporary Period (근·현대 시대 오지호와 구본웅 유화작품에 사용된 백색계 안료의 특성 연구)

  • Kim, Jung Heum;Kim, Hwan Ju;Park, Hye Sun;Lim, Sung Jin
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.33 no.5
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    • pp.371-380
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    • 2017
  • To investigate the pigments used in modern and contemporary oil paintings, thirty-two paintings by Jiho Oh and Bonung Gu were selected. The white pigment found in the ground and painting layers was identified as lead white (hydrocerussite), zinc white (zinc oxide), titanium white (titanium dioxide in anatase or rutile forms), calcite (calcium carbonate), and barite (barium sulfate). Further, this indicated that pigments differ according to the artist and date of the painting's creation. However, both Oh and Gu used zinc white during the modern and contemporary period, while lead white was replaced by titanium white, barite and calcite. Compared with the overseas studies on pigments and oil paints, the change patterns of pigments were the same with them but the periods of the use were partially different. It seems to be due to the fact that South Korea is linked to the historical background of the art material which was imported from Japan instead of Western countries. Therefore, it is inevitable that any change in the white pigments used for domestic oil paintings occurred at a different time from global transitions. If the results of this study are used in the analysis of art works it is suggested that a database recording such aspects as material properties of oil paints, artistic techniques, and chronology would become important for future conservation science and the study of art history.

Conservation for Wooden Objects Excavated From Imdang, KyungSan - Wooden frame of Armor and Lacquer Wares - (경산 임당유적 목제품 보존 - 갑옷틀 및 칠기 -)

  • Kim, Soochul;Yi, Younghee;Lee, Hyosun
    • Conservation Science in Museum
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    • v.7
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    • pp.53-62
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    • 2006
  • The wooden armor frame and various lacquerware artifacts excavated from the low swamp remains in Imdang, Gyeongsan have very weak material and lacquer coating; in case they are exposed in the air, they are likely to be shrunken and deformed immediately. The wooden armor frame has large size and it might be dissolved during freeze-drying. The lacquer coating of lacquerware blocks the penetration of chemicals and it is very likely to swell or peel off during the treatment. Therefore, to prevent the dissolution during vacuum freeze-drying, the wooden armor frame was replaced with t-butanol and impregnated in t-butanol solution with PEG#3, 350 43%, and lacquerware was impregnated in PEG#3, 350 40% solution at room temperature and freeze-dried. According to the analysis of the lacquer fragment from the lacquerware, the lid and the mounted cup was pasted with the mixture of lacquer and black pigment (soot) on the base layer after the first coating and pasted two or three times more with natural lacquer; the red lacquered wooden cup was pasted with the mixture of lacquer and black pigment on the base layer and pasted once on the middle layer. The top lacquer (red) was pasted with the mixture of iron oxide(Fe2O3).

A Study on the Physical Properties of Natural Mineral Pigments Used in Restoration and Conservation of Cultural Asset - Focusing on Seokcheong (문화재 보존 및 복원에 사용되는 천연 광물성안료의 물성평가 - 석청(石靑)중심으로)

  • Park, Ju-Hyun;Jeong, Hye-Yeong;Go, In-Hee;Jeong, Sir-Lin;Jo, A-Hyeon
    • 보존과학연구
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    • s.36
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    • pp.11-32
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this study is to analyse the properties of natural mineral pigments used in restoration and conservation of cultural assets. For this study blue-based pigments that are sold in market were selected. The component analysis using by XRF and XRD shows that blue pigment consist of Azurite. And each specimens were evaluated particle size, chromaticity, specific gravity and oil-absorption according to rating system of pigments particle size. Results show that the value of L* increase with the decrease in particle size. The results suggest that the physical properties which is specific gravity, oil-absorption and chromaticity depend on the particle sizes of pigments. When it comes to particle size of pigments decreased by increasing the number of rating system. In addition, the chromaticity related to particle size. The result from this study expects to be used as useful referencing data for conservation and restoration of cultural heritage and understanding phenomena of the properties according to various particle size of Seokcheong pigment.

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