• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2009

Nitrogen removal and methane production from piggery wastewater were investigated in two-phase anaerobic digestion (TPAD) coupled with biological nitrogen removal (BNR) process at $35^{\circ}C$. Methane production rate was about $0.7L/L{\cdot}day$ at organic loading rate (OLR) of $1.2g{\cdot}TCOD/L{\cdot}day$ in methanogenic UASB. Conversion efficiency of the removed TCOD into methane in UASB was as high as 72% and overall TCOD removal efficiency in this system was over 97%. Ammonia nitrogen were stably removed in BNR system and overall efficiency were 98%. With recirculation of the nitrified final effluent to TPAD, nitrogen oxides were completely removed by anaerobic denitrification in the acidogenic reactor, which did not inhibit the acidogenic activities. Overall TN removal efficiency in the TPAD-BNR system was as high as 94%.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2004

본 연구는 유지관리비가 적게 소요되고 관리가 용이한 에너지절감형 축산뇨오수 처리기술을 개발하기 위하여 목편 살수여상과 활성오니를 정화기술하는 처리기술을 연구하였다. 1. 스크레파 축사의 축산뇨오수 처리를 위한 목편칩 살수여상 활성오니 연계 시스템을 개발하였다. 처리공정은 축산뇨오수 원수$\to$스크린$\to$목편칩 살수여상$\to$활성오니$\to$침전/오존처리 공정으로 처리하였다. 2. 처리결과 축산뇨오수 원수의 BOD 8,620mg/$\iota$ 에서 최종처리수의 BOD는 58mg/$\iota$로 처리되었다. 또한 COD_{Mn},은 원수 4,290mg/$\iota$에서 232mg/$\iota$, SS 2,228mg/$\iota$에서 49.5mg/$\iota$, T-N 4,223mg/$\iota$에서 395mg/$\iota$, T-P 97.4mg/$\iota$에서 8.0mg/$\iota$로 처리되었다. 3. SS는 목편살수여상조에서 $71.1\%$가 제거되어 활성오니 처리 대비 슬러지 발생량이 $70\%$ 절감되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2005

Fermentation efficiencies of organic wastes from the variety of sources were evaluated based on the production of total volatile acids(TVA) in batch reactor. Mixing and pH were not significant factors in producing TVA from the organic wastes. After a 10-day fermentation, final TVA concentrations in piggery, cattle, poultry, and primary settled sludge of domestic wastewater were 8,900, 2,900, 7,370 and 1,630 mg/L, respectively. The pH of organic wastes was decreased from neutral to 5.7. The ratio of TVA to $NH_4{^+}-N$ produced from the animal waste ranged from 11.5 to 30.1, whereas, that in the primary settled sludge of domestic wastewater, was 5.4. Possibility of fermented organic wastes as the electron donors for denitrification in the activated sludge was investigated. In both acclimated and nonacclimated activated sludge, higher denitrification rates were obtained with fermented piggery sludge added than with either methanol or acetate added. The fermented organic acids derived from the primary settled sludge gave the higher denitrification rate ($4.2mg\;NO_3-N/g\;vss{\cdot}hr$) in the acclimated activated sludge. Denitrification rate was $1.5mg\;NO_3-N/g\;vss{\cdot}hr$ in the nonacclimated sludge with the fermented acids from the primary settled sludge of domestic wastewater added.

• 공업화학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.200-205
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• 2005

우리는 이전의 연구에서 석탄회를 이용하여 높은 미생물 담지능과 양이온에 대한 흡착능을 가지는 다공성 담체를 제조하였다. 본 연구는 다공성 석탄회 담체를 사용한 폐수 처리 생물막 공정 개발을 목적으로 실험실 규모의 연속류식 고정층 생물막 공정에 의한 돈사 폐수 처리 특성을 상용 미생물 담체 및 기존의 활성슬러지법과 동일 조건에서 비교 고찰하여 보았다. 실험 결과로서 제조한 석탄회 담체는 COD, TN, $NH_4{^+}-N$ 항목의 평균 제거율이 각각 80%, 77%, 65%로서 상용 담체 및 기존의 활성 슬러지 공정과 비교하여 높은 제거율을 나타내었다. 처리 후 미생물 담지량을 측정해 본 결과 상용 담체에 비해 높은 값을 나타내었으며, SEM 관찰 결과 석탄회 담체에 미생물 군집이 안정하게 형성되었음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.481-488
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• 2011

금강수계의 논산 양지리에 위치한 인공습지는 축산폐수처리시설에서 방류되는 처리수의 추가처리와 함께 강우시 유역에서 유출되는 비점오염물질을 처리하기 위하여 설치되었다. 본 시설은 2008년 설치된 이후부터 시설검증을 위한 모니터링을 수행중에 있으며 본 연구결과는 시설의 설치 직후로부터 1년간의 모니터링 결과를 정리한 것이다. 모니터링 결과, 평균 오염물질 저감효율은 TSS가 86%, BOD가 60%, TN은 45%, TP의 경우 70%로 산정되었다. 대부분의 모니터링에서 입자상 물질과 인의 평균 저감효율이 60% 이상의 높은 저감효율을 보이는 반면 질소의 경우 축산폐수의 높은 질소농도에 비해 낮은 유기물 농도에 의하여 낮은 저감효율을 나타내는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 유출수내 질소제거능 향상을 위해서는 긴 수리학적 체류시간 및 추가적 DO공급이 필요한 것으로 평가되었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.414-420
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• 2006

세정단계를 거치는 혐기성 소화시스템(ADEPT, Anaeorbic Digestion Elutriated Phase Treatment)에서 돈사폐수를 처리한 유출수를 혐기성 암모늄 산화공정(ANAMMOX)에 적용하기 위하여 부분질산화 반응조의 기질로 사용하였다. 중온($35^{\circ}C$)에서 아질산성 질소를 축적하는 조절인자는 용존산소보다는 오히려 HRT, pH, 유리 암모니아(FA)였다. 중탄산의 스트립핑과 완충에 사용된 양을 포함한 중탄산알칼리도의 소모량은 전환된 $NH_4-N$ g당 8.78 g이었다. HRT 1일, DO 농도가 $2.7{\sim}4.4mg/L$의 안정상태에서 부분질산화 반응 유출수의 $NO_2-N/NH_4-N$ 비는 약 $1{\sim}$으로서, 부분질산화-혐기성 암모늄산화 결합공정의 ANAMMOX 반응조의 유입수로서 적합하였다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.128-138
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• 1998

This study was focused to find how each factors effect on the biological nitrification in wastewater treatment under high ammonia nitrogen concentration. Batch reactors in aerobic conditions were used to test the treatment efficiency of mixed liquor, nightsoil and piggery wastewater. The results are summeried as follows; Initial ammonia nitrogen concentration and pH were the direct influencing factors of nitrite build-up. More than 250 mg NH$_{4}$$^{+}$ - N/L in initial concentration built up nitrite and then the inhibition rate to Nitrobacter was above 70 percentage. And maximum nitritation rate was showed at pH 8.3 and nitrification could be completely achieved by pH control. Temperature and dissolved oxygen were the indirect influencing factors of nitrite build-up. These were a great effect on the activity of nitrifying microbes and ammonia nitrogen removal. Maximum nitritation rate was showed at 30 $\circ $C. The effect of DO concentration was negligible at more than 3 mg/L.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제16권
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• pp.61-70
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• 1996

This research aims to find granulation and organic removal of the piggery wastewater with the upflow blanket filter(UBF) reactor. UASB process had the effect of high pH on the granulation phase. But teh effect was decreased after the granule formation. The filter zone of the UBF reactor had the function of GSS and contributed to removing the organic because of its biofilm formation. The removal rates of total COD and soluble COD were 70% ~ 80% and 60 ~ 80% at an influent organic loading range of $2{\sim}17.4kgCOD/m^3{\cdot}d$, respectively. The methane production rate with the organic removal was $0.21{\sim}0.34{\ell}CH_4/gCOD_{rem}$ and the maximum methan production rate was $0.34CH_4{\ell}/gCOD_{rem}$ at the volumetric loading $5kgCOD/m^3{\cdot}d$.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.456-459
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• 2000

A pilot scale experiment was performed for a year to develop a two-phase anaerobic process for piggery wastewater treatment (COD: 6,000mg/L, BOD: 4,000mg/L, SS: 500mg/L, pH 8.4, alkalinity 6,000mg/L). The acidogenic reactor had a total volume of 3㎥, and the methanogenic reactor, an anaerobic up-flow sludge filter, combining a filter and a sludge bed, was also of total volume 3㎥(1.5㎥ of upper packing material). Temperatures of the acidogenic and methanogenic reactors kept at 20$^{\circ}C$ and 35$^{\circ}C$, respectively. When the pH of the acidogenic reactor was controlled at 6.0-7.0 with HCl, the COD removal efficiency increased from 50 to 80% over a period of six months, and as a result, the COD of the final effluent fell in the range of 1,000-1,500 mg/L. BOD removal efficiency over the same period was above 90%, and 300 to 400 mg/L was maintained in the final effluent. The average SS in the final effluent was 270 mg/L. The methane production was 0.32㎥ CH$_4$/kg COD(sub)removed and methane content of the methanogenic reactor was high value at 80-90%. When the pH of the acidogenic reactor was not controlled over the final two months, the pH reached 8.2 and acid conversion decreased compared with that of pH controlled, while COD removal was similar to the pH controlled operation. Without pH control, the methane content in the gas from methanogenic reactor improved to 90%, compared to 80% with pH control.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.210-213
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the performances of organic removal and methane recovery in the full scale two-phase anaerobic system. The full scale two-phase anaerobic system was consists of an acidogenic ABR (Anaerobic Baffled Reactor) and a methanognic UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor. The volume of acidogenic and methanogenic reactors is designed to 28.3 $m^3$ and 75.3 $m^3$. The two-phase anaerobic system represented 60-82% of COD removal efficiency when the influent COD concentration was in the range of 7,150 to 16,270 mg/L after screening (average concentration is 10,280 mg/L). After steady-state, the effluent COD concentration in the methanogenic reactor showed 2,740 $\pm$ 330 mg/L by representing average COD removal efficiency was 71.4 $\pm$ 8.1% when the operating temperature was in the range of 19-32$^{\circ}C$. The effluent SCOD concentration was in the range of 2,000-3,000 mg/L at the steady state while the volatile fatty concentration was not detected in the effluent. Meanwhile, the COD removal efficiency in the acidogenic reactor showed less than 5%. The acidogenic reactor played key roles to reduce a shock-loading when periodic shock loading was applied and to acidify influent organics. Due to the high concentration of alkalinity and high pH in the effluent of the methanogenic reactor, over 80% of methane in the biogas was produced consistently. More than 70 % of methane was recovered from theoretical methane production of TCOD removed in this research. The produced gas can be directly used as a heat source to increase the reactor temperature.