• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.311-317
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• 2001

In this work we have investigated the physiological effects of $MgCl_2$ in isolated atrium, papillary muscle, perfused heart and anesthesized guinea pig, The addition or infusion of $MgCl_2$ (0~20 mM or mg/kg) to perfused hearts and to anesthesized guinea pigs induced a marked and dose-dependent negative chronotropic effect. The sinoatrial node automaticity could also be reduced by $MgCl_2$. The addition of $MgCl_2$to isolated atria and to papillary muscles induced a marked and dose-dependent negative inotropic effect. The threshold voltage could be increased by $MgCl_2$in papillary muscle. Increasing $MgCl_2$ shortened the action potential duration (APD) in dose-dependent manner at 30% ($APD_{30}$) and 90% repolarization ($APD_{90}$) measured with conventional microelectrode technique in papillary muscle. In anesthesized guinea pig, the magnesium infusion resulted in a dose-dependent drop in blood pressure. These results suggested that magnesium is closely associated with cardiac physiological condition and exerts antiarrhythmic activities.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.73-79
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• 2017

Transplantation is considered to be a very useful approach to improve human welfare and to prolong life-span. Heterologous organ transplantation using pig organs which are similar to human beings and easy to make mass-production has known as one of the alternatives. To ensure potential usage of the pig organ for transplantation application, it is essentially required to generate transgenic pig modifying immuno-related genes. Previously, we reported production of heterozygous ${\alpha}1,3$-galactosyltransferase (GalT) knock-out and human membrane cofactor protein (MCP) expressing pig ($GalT^{-MCP/+}$), which is enforced for suppression of hyperacute and acute immunological rejection. In this study, we reported generation of homozygous pig ($GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$) by crossbreeding $GalT^{-MCP/+}$ pigs. Two female founders gave birth to six of $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$, and seven $GalT^{-MCP/+}$ pigs. We performed quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, and flow cytometry analyses to confirm GalT and MCP expression. We showed that fibroblasts of the $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pig do not express GalT and its product Gal antigen, while efficiently express MCP. We also showed no expression of GalT, otherwise expression of MCP at heart, kidney, liver and pancreas of transgenic pig. Taken together, we suggest that the $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pig is a useful candidate to apply xenotransplantation study.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.539-543
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• 2005

Elevated level of serum cholesterol in humans is a risk factor correlated with the development of coronary heart disease. We have screened lactic acid bacteria from pig and human feces for the development of probiotics which have an anti-cholesterol effect. We have used special media to isolate only lactic acid bacteria and they were subjected to the experiments such as oxgal test, carbohydrate fermentation test. Results from the acid tolerance test and growth test in the presence of oxgal demonstrated that some strains would likely survive in thuman stomach, where acidity is high, and in small intestine, where bile fluid is present. In conclusion, we were able to screen lactic acid bacteria which were tolerant against bile acid and supposed to be prominent to lower the cholesterol level in human serum.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.292-298
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• 1997

General pharmacological properties of ι-muscone, the major component of musk, were investigatedin mice, rats and guinea pig. The administration of ι-muscone (1, 10, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) in mice had no effects in general behaviors, and no influences on analgesic actions and normal body temperature. Muscle relaxant action, intestinal propulsion and gastric secretion were not observed even at the high dose of 100 mg/kg. ι-Muscone (1, 10, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) given to conscious rats showed no effect on mean blood pressure and heart rate. It showed no direct effect at 2.4$\times$10.3 mg/ml and 2.4$\times$10-2 mg/ml in isolated uterus of rats and ileum of guinea pig, and also had no inhibition of contraction induced by oxytocin and histamine.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2002

In this study general pharmacological profiles of KI-60606 on the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system and the other organs were investigated. The dosages given were 0,5, 10 and 25 mg/kg and drugs were administered intravenously. The animals used for this study were mice, rats, cats and guinea pigs. KI-60606 showed no effects on general behavior, motor coordination, spontaneous locomotor activity, hexobarbital-induced hypnosis time, body temperature, analgesic activity, anticonvulsant activity and contraction of nictitating membrane in cats. Furthermore KI-60606 showed no effects on blood pressure, heart rate, LVP (left ventricular peak systolic pressure), LVEDP (left ventricular end diastolic pressure), LVDP (left ventricular developing pressure), DP(double product), CFR(coronary flow rate), smooth muscle contraction using guinea pig ileum and gastric secretion at all dosage tested except the increase of gastrointestinal transport and urinary $K^+$ excretion.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.387-390
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• 2011

Nude mice (BALB/c) were grafted with human 293 cells and PERV (porcine endogenous retrovirus)-IRES-EGFP (a packageable retroviral vector plasmid containing an internal ribosome entry site-enhanced green fluorescent protein)-producing pig PK15 cells in order to determine whether the pig cells could transmit PERV-IRES-EGFP to mice and human 293 cells in vivo. None of the transplanted human 293 cell lines were infected by PERV, but PCR analysis identified PERV-B provirus integration into both the heart and salivary gland of the inoculated nude mice. Our data indicate that hearts and salivary glands can be used to identify PERV-B receptors.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.59-62
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• 2012

A 3-year-old Jeju native black sow with sudden death was requested to the Jeju Self-Governing Provincial Veterinary Research Institute for diagnosis in July 2009. Because the pig died suddenly, we could not find any clinical signs. Gross lesions such as pulmonary edema, redness of heart, liver, kidney and lymph nodes were observed at necropsy. Histopathologically, there were severe eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, atrophy, degeneration and necrosis of laminar neurons, and neovascularization in cerebral cortex. Based on histopathological findings and history taking about temporal suspension of water supply, this case was diagnosed as salt poisoning of a Jeju native sow. In our best knowledge, this is the first report for salt poisoning of sow in Korea, especially in Jeju native pig.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.467-473
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• 2010

Gangliosides are a major component of the plasma membrane of mammalian cells, which are directly involved in a variety of immunological events, including cell-to cell or cell-to-protein interactions. In this study, we investigated whether gangliosides, sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, are related to rejection during the xenotransplantation of NIH-miniature pig livers and hearts to humans. Both high performance thin-layer chromatography and immunohistochemistry analyses revealed that the expression of gangliosides in the liver tissue of NIH-miniature pigs was higher than that in the heart. Gangliosides GD3, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b and GQ1b were observed in both the liver and heart, whereas GQ1b was detected only in the liver, indicating that the ganglioside expression profiles are tissue specific. Moreover, other ganglio-series gangliosides, including GM3, were not detected in the livers and hearts of NIH-miniature pigs. Taken together, these results suggest that gangliosides may play important roles in immune responses in clinical xenotransplants of pig livers and hearts.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.435-442
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• 2006

Effects of surimi-like material (SLM) from pig heart on the quality of frankfurter sausage were investigated. The sausages were made by substituted addition of SLM at 5 and 10% levels in raw meats. Contents of moisture and fat in batter were not changed by addition of SLM, respectively, whereas protein content was significantly (P<0.05) decreased with SLM level increased. Although pH of frankfurter sausage was significantly (P<0.05) increased with SLM addition, percentage of cook yield was significantly (P<0.05) decreased. As increasing of addition levels of SLM, hardness and chewiness were decreased, but springiness was significantly (P<0.05) increased. Also, panel rated sausages of 10% SLM as having a higher tenderness and acceptability compared with control. These results suggested that a tender frankfurter sausage without any defects of flavor might be made with substitution of SLM from pig heart.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.1 s.26
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• pp.41-50
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• 1980

Chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA) has been used as a gallstone dissolving agent since 1972. Recently, ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA) has been reported to be effective in dissolving gallstones. Both bile acids increased bile flow. The increase in bile flow associated with an increase in cholesterol level in bile after CDCA or UDCA infusion was reported. In this study, using the smooth muscle strips of guinea pig and fowl, responses of the cholates were observed. In addition, the influence of adrenergic blocking agents on the response of the strips to cholates was investigated. Also the effects of cholates on cardiac function were examined by using isolated atria of rabbit and heart of anesthetized frog. The results are as follows: 1) All cholates, such as UDCA, CDCA, and CA produced a marked inhibitory effect on the motility in isolated duodenal strip of guinea pig and fowl, however, only UDCA showed the contraction in the isolated esophagus of fowl. These effects of cholates were blocked by propranolol. 2) In isolated guinea pig stomach strip and gall bladder, cholates exhibited a marked inhibitory effect on the motility and the effects due to UDCA and CA were blocked by phenoxybenzamine while CDCA was not affected. 3) The spontaneous and ouabain induced arrhythmia was partially abolished by cholates. However, concomitant administration of cholates with ouabain or epinephrine caused a marked prolongation in occurrence of atrial arrhythmia in comparison with ouabain or epinephrine alone in isolated rabbit atria. 4) In the heart of anesthetized frog, the epinephrine-induced arrhythmia was partially abolished by cholates. The combined treatment with cholates and ouabain or epinephrine produced a marked prolongation in occurrence of the arrhythmia in comparison with, ouabain or epinephrine alone. From the above results, it can be suggested that the effects of cholates on the smooth muscle of duodenum and esophagus are produced in response to adrenergic ${\beta}$-receptor and the effect or gall bladder and stomach is more likely due to the direct effect on the muscle. In addition, cholates exhibit a slight antiarrhythmic effect on heart, therefore, cholates can be classified as a nonselective antiarrhythmic drug, such as propranolol.