• Advances in nano research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.335-353
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• 2023

The possibility of energy harvesting as well as controlled vibration of a three-layered beam consisting of two piezoelectric layer and one core layer made of nonpiezoelectric material is investigated using paradox-free local/nonlocal theory. The three-layered nanobeam is resting on an elastic foundation and subjected to a blast load. Also, the core layer is made of Nano-composites reinforced by CNTs and carbon fibers (MHCD). Governing equations as well as boundary conditions are obtained using Hamilton,s principle. The equations discretized by Generalized Differential Quadrature Method (GDQM) and solved by Newmark beta method. In addition, two differential and integral gains are employed for controlling the forced vibration. The size-dependency of the elastic foundation is considered using two-phase elasticity. The effect of elastic foundation, control gains, nonlocal factor, as well as parameters affecting the core material on the forced vibration and energy harvesting is investigated in detail. The equations as well as solution procedure is validated utilizing some compassion studies. This work can be a basis for future studies on energy harvesting and controlled vibration in small scales.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.73 no.6
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• pp.667-684
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• 2020

In this article, the static responses of layered magneto-electro-thermo-elastic (METE) plates in thermal environment have been investigated through FE methods. By using Reddy's third order shear deformation theory (TSDT) in association with the Hamilton's principle, the direct and derived quantities of the coupled system have been obtained. The coupled governing equations of METE plates have been derived through condensation technique. Three layered METE plates composed of piezoelectric and piezomagnetic phases are considered for evaluation. For investigating the correctness and accuracy, the results in this article are validated with previous researches. In addition, a special attention has been paid to evaluate the influence of different electro-magnetic boundary conditions and pyrocoupling on the coupled response of METE plates. Finally, the influence of stacking sequences, magnitude of temperature load and aspect ratio on the coupled static response of METE plates are investigated in detail.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-42
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• 2009

In order to reduce vibration or to control shape of structures made of metal or composites, piezoelectric materials have been extensively used since their discovery in 1880's. A recent trend is also seen to apply piezoelectric materials to flexible structures made of rubber-like materials. In this paper a non-linear finite element model using updated Lagrangian (UL) approach has been developed for static analysis of rubber-elastic material with surface-bonded piezoelectric patches. A compressible stain energy function has been used for modeling the rubber as hyperelastic material. For formulation of the nonlinear finite element model a twenty-node brick element is used. Four degrees of freedom u, v and w and electrical potential ${\varphi}$ per node are considered as the field variables. PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) patches are applied as sensors/actuators or sensors and actuators. The present model has been applied to bimorph PVDF cantilever beam to validate the formulation. It is then applied to study the smart rubber components under different boundary and loading conditions. The results predicted by the present formulation are compared with the analytical solutions as well as the available published results. Some results are given as new ones as no published solutions available in the literatures to the best of the authors' knowledge.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.513-523
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• 2023

Buckling and post-buckling behaviors of geometrically perfect double-curvature shells made from smart composites have been investigated. The shell has been supposed to be exposed to transverse mechanical loading and magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) coupling. The composite shell has been made of two constituents which are piezoelectric and magnetic ingredients. Thus, the elastic properties might be variable based upon the percentages of the constituents. Incorporating small scale impacts in regard to nonlocal theory leads to the establishment of the governing equations for the double-curvature nanoshell. Such nanoshell stability will be shown to be affected by composite ingredients. More focus has been paid to the effects of small scale factor, electric voltage and magnetic intensity on stability curves of the nanoshell.

• Composites Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.61-67
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• 2004

Nondestructive damage sensitivity on single-basalt fiber/epoxy composites was evaluated by micromechanical technique and acoustic emission (AE). Piezoelectric lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) copolymer were used as AE sensor, respectively. In single-fiber composite, the damage sensing with different sensor types were compared to each other. Piezoelectric PVDF polymer sensor was embedded in and attached on the composite, whereas PZT sensor was only attached on the surface of specimen. In case of embedded polymer sensors, responding sensitivity was higher than that of the attached case. It can be due to full constraint inside specimen to transfer elastic wave coming from micro-deformation. For both the attached and the embedded cases, the sensitivity of P(VDF-TrFE) sensor was almost same as that of conventional PVDF sensor.

• Composites Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2017

In this study, LIPCA-S2 actuator with a piezoelectric single crystal layer and a carbon/epoxy layer was designed and evaluated to increase actuation performance of piezo-composite unimorph actuator. A curvature change model generated by the induced strain of a piezoelectric layer was used to predict the tip displacement of the piezo-composite unimorph cantilever. However, we found that there was big difference between the predicted and the measured tip displacement of LIPCA-S2 cantilever actuator when we used the previous linear prediction model. A new prediction model considering the change of piezoelectric strain coefficient and elastic modulus for the compression stress variation of the PMN-29PT single crystal layer was used and it was found that the difference between the predicted and the measured tip displacement reduced considerably.

• Composites Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 2024

In this study, a molecular dynamics simulation study was performed to investigate the size-dependent electroelastic properties of single-walled boron nitride nanotubes(BNNT). To describe the elasticity and polarization of BNNT under mechanical loading, the Tersoff potential model and rigid ion approximation were adopted. For the prediction of piezoelectric constants and Young's modulus of BNNTs, piezoelectric constitutive equations based on the Maxwell's equation were used to calculate the strain-electric displacement and strain-stress relationships. It was found that the piezoelectric constants of BNNTs gradually decreases as the radius of the tubes increases showing a nonnegligible size effect. On the other hand, the elastic constants of the BNNTs showed opposites trends according to the equivalent geometrical assumption of the tubular structures. To establish the structure-property relationships, localized configurational change of the primarily bonded B-N bonded topology was investigated in detail to elucidate the BNNT curvature dependent elasticity.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.29-45
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• 2022

The optimization for dynamic response associated with a cylindrical shell which is made of laminated composites embedded in a piezoelectric layer which is subjected to temperature rises and is resting on an elastic foundation is investigated for the first time. The first shear order theory (FSDT) is utilized in order to obtain the strain relations of the shell. Then, using the energy method, the equations of motions as well as boundary condition of the problem are attained. The formulation of this study together with the solution procedure which is a numerical solution method, differential quadrature method (DQM) is validated using other researches. This paper presents a thorough study on the parameters which impacts the vibration frequency of the laminated shell. The results of this paper shows that any type of laminated composite shell can reduce the vibration frequency providing that the angle related to layer are higher than 85 degrees. Also, in order to reduce the effect of temperature rises, the laminated composites instead of orthotropic one can be used.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 2017

This research investigated the vibration frequency of sandwich plate made of piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite core (PFRC) and face sheets of piezomagnetic materials. The effective electroelastic constants for PFRC materials are obtained by the micromechanical approach. The resting medium of sandwich plate is modeled by Pasternak foundation including normal and shear modulus. Besides, sandwich plate is subjected to linearly varying normal stresses that change by load factor. The coupled equations of motion are derived using first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and energy method. These equations are solved by differential quadrature method (DQM) for simply supported boundary condition. A detailed numerical study is carried out based on piezoelectricity theory to indicate the significant effect of load factor, volume fraction of fibers, modulus of elastic foundation, core-to-face sheet thickness ratio and composite materials on dimensionless frequency of sandwich plate. These findings can be used to aerospace, building and automotive industries.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.347-352
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• 2015

The magnetoelectric (ME) characteristics for Terfenol-D/PZT laminate composite dependence on bias magnetic field is investigated. At low frequency, ME response is determined by the piezomagnetic coefficient $d_{33,m}$ and the elastic compliance $s_{33}^H$ of magnetostrictive material, $d_{33,m}$ and $s_{33}^H$ for Terfenol-D are inherently nonlinear and dependent on $H_{dc}$, leading to the influence of $H_{dc}$ on low-frequency ME voltage coefficient. At resonance, the mechanical quality factor $Q_m$ dependences on $H_{dc}$ results in the differences between the low-frequency and resonant ME voltage coefficient with $H_{dc}$. In terms of ${\Delta}E$ effect, the resonant frequency shift is derived with respect to the bias magnetic field. Considering the nonlinear effect of magnetostrictive material and $Q_m$ dependence on $H_{dc}$c, it predicts the low-frequency and resonant ME voltage coefficients as a function of the dc bias magnetic field. A good agreement between the theoretical results and experimental data is obtained and it is found that ME characteristics dependence on $H_{dc}$ are mainly influenced by the nonlinear effect of magnetostrictive material.