• 제목/요약/키워드: Phytophthora nicotianae

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참깨 병해연구 I. 참깨 역병의 발생에 대하여 (Studies on Sesame Diseases in Korea I. Incidences of Phytophthora Blight)

  • 조의규;허노열;최성호;이승찬
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.211-215
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    • 1982
  • 1981년 전북고창, 전남영광, 경북달성, 경남진양 지역에서 참깨병해의 발생과 피해를 조사한 결과 참깨역병의 피해가 가장 심하였다. 참깨역병의 발생은 포장에 따라 차이가 컸으며 발병이 심한 포장에서는 발병주율이 $61\%$나 되었다. 참깨역병을 일으키는 병원균 Phytophthora spp.는 유주자낭의 형태적특성과 참깨에 대한 특이적인 병원성에 의하여 Phytophthora nocitianae var. parasitica (Dastur) Waterhouse로 동정되었다. 참깨역병의 병징은 줄기가 암갈색으로 변색, 부패되어 식물체가 도태고사하는 특징을 보였다.

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Phylogeny of Korean Isolates of Phytophthora Species Based on Sequence Analysis of Internal Transcribed Spacer of Ribosomal DNA

  • Hong, Seung-Beom;Jee, Hyeong-Jin;Kim, Sang-Hee;Go, Seung-Joo
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.29-35
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    • 2000
  • The internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS I, 5.8S and ITS II) of the ribosomal DNAs were amplified from Korean isolates of Phytophthora spp. and sequenced to characterize them. Sequences from 33 isolates previously identified as P. boehmeriae, P. cactprum, P. cambivora, P. capsici, P. cinnamomi, P. erythroseptica, P. infestans, P. megasperma, P. melonis, P. nicotianae, P. palmivora and P. sojae were compared with published sequences, and a phylogenetic tree was produced. All isolates belonging to 10 species, P. cactorum, P. cambivora, P. capsici, P. cinnamomi P. citricola, P. infestans, P. nicotianae, P. palmivora and P. sojae were clearly clustered into published isolates of each species above 97% bootstrap value. Cucurbits isolates of Phytophthora previously identified as either P. melonis or P. drechsleri showed distinct evolutionary lineages from the P. megasperma was closely related to isolates of P. cryptogea-P. drechsleri showed distinct evolutionary lineages from the P. cryptogea-P. drechsleri complex group, indicating that P. melonis is a valid species. A Korean isolate of P. megasperma was closely related to isolates of P. erythroseptica showed distant genetic relationship with published isolates of P. erythroseptica (CBS 956.87). It is probable that the two Korean isolates could be genetically different from foreign isolates or misidentified. A grouping of species according to ITS sequence divergence matched, to some degree, the broad classification based on type of papilla. However, a separation of semi-papillate species and papillate species was not wvident in this study.

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방선균 GT103 균주가 생산하는 Actinomycin C\ulcorner의 동정 및 연초 병원균에 대한 항균활성 (Identification of Actinomycin C\ulcorner Produced by Actinomycetes Isolate GT103 and Its Antimicrobial Activity Against Tobacco Pathogens)

  • 여운형;김영호;김상석;박은경
    • 한국식물병리학회지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.80-84
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    • 1996
  • 토양에서 분리한 방선균류(actinomycetes) GT103 균주의 배양여액 및 균체추출물은 담배의 주요 병원균인 담배 줄기속마름병균(Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora), 담배 탄저병균(Colletotrichum tabacum), 담배역병균(Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae)등에 강한 항균활성을 보였다. 항균활성물질은 용매 추출, silica gel chromatography, HPLC 등을 실시하여 분리.정제하였으며 UV, IR, FAB-MS, \ulcornerH-NMR, \ulcornerC-NMR 분석결과 actinomycin group의 펩타이드계 항생 물질인 actinomycin C\ulcorner로 동정되었다. 이 활성물질의 담배 탄저병에 대한 방제효과는 50$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 농도에서 100%, 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 농도에서 90%의 방제효과를 보였다.

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담배역병균(P. parasitica)에 오염된 포장에서의 Race 판별품종 및 육성품종(N. tabacum L.)의 발병반응 (Disease Resistance of Race Differential Varieties and Improved Varieties(Nicotiana tabacum L.) on Black Shank (Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae) Infested Field)

  • 조천준
    • 한국연초학회지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.7-12
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    • 2000
  • This study was conducted to identify useful germ plasm sources of resistance to black shank, Phytophthora. parasitica, in Nicotiana tabacum and to characterize the interaction between host plant resistance to black shank and pathogen variability. The six internationally represen-tative set of black shank resistant and susceptible tobacco genotypes and four Korean lines were tested for black shank on the field infested with P. parasitica at Chonju Experiment Station, Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Research Institute during the 1992~1997 growing season. Almost 100% of the plants of the most susceptible genotype, Ky 14, did not survive. Complete survival of (MS Ky 14 x L8)F$_1$, which is resistant to reee 0 and ausceptible to reace 1, suggests that Race 0 is the only race of the P. parasitica in this bield. Coker 371 Gold and Beinhart 1000-1 having excellent resistance to black shank could be recommended as the parental cultivars for improving black shank resistance in Korea. Data of the diseased plants showed that KB 101 and KB 110 were medium high resistant and KB 103 and KB 108 being low resistant to black shank.

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대추 역병균의 Phytophthora citricola의 동정 (Phytophthora citricola, a Causal Agent of Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba) Fruit Rot)

  • 지형진;임양숙;정기채;조원대
    • 한국식물병리학회지
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    • 제14권5호
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    • pp.402-407
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    • 1998
  • Phytophthora rot on jujube fruit has occurred at several cultivation areas in Kyung-buk and Kyung-nam provinces. Symptoms consisted of brownish to reddish rot on fruits resulting in early drop or mummification. The causal fungus isolated from infected fruits and adjacent leaf stalks was identified as Phytophthora citricola, which has never been reported in Korea. Sporangia were semi-papillate, noncaducous and highly variable in shapes. Plerotic oospores with paragynous antheridia were abundant is single cultures. Sporangia of two isolates were measured as 38-76$\times$20-40 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and averaged 51.4$\times$27.0 and 55.6$\times$36.0 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Oogonia were ranged from 26 to 36 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and averaged 31.3 and 32.0 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Colony pattern was slightly radiated with sparse aerial mycelia on common media. Minium, optimum and maximum temperatures for mycelial growth were recorded at 7, 25, and 32$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Among tested media, 10% V8A was the best and $25^{\circ}C$ was better than 15$^{\circ}C$ for oospore formation of the fungus. The jujube isolates of P. citricola were readily differentiated from other closely related species in the genus, namely; P. nicotianae, P. citrophthora, P. cactorum, P. capsici, and P. plalmivora on the basis of PCR-RFLP of r-DNA. The fungus showed strong pathogenicty to jujube, apple, pear, orange, persimmon and eggplant, and relatively weak to citron, tomato, pepper and cucumber. In this study, P. citrocola is firstly identified and jujube fruit rot caused by the fungus is recorded as a new disease in Korea.

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내병성 버어리종 신품종 "KB 101"의 육성경과 및 특성 (Performance of "KB 101" a New Burley Tobacco Resistant to Bacterial Wilt and Black Shank)

  • 김대송;조천준;한철구;추홍구;정석훈;조명조;이승철
    • 한국연초학회지
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.97-103
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    • 1992
  • KB 101 is a bacterial wilt(Pseudomonas solanaceamm E.F. Smith) and black shank (Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan Var. nicotianae Waterhouse) resistant cultivar of burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) KB 101 was developed by the Korea Ginseng&Tobacco Research Institute, and released in 1987. KB 101 was developed from a single plant selection in the F2 generation derived from the double cross, [(Burley 21X Burley 37) X (Burley 64X Ky 16)]. Burley 37 and Burley 64 were the source of resistance to bacterial wilt and black shank. Yield trials were conducted in the Fs through F6 generations at the four Exp. Stn. of Korea Ginseng &Tobacco Research Institute as JB 7705-1. On-farm yield trials were conducted in the F7 through F9 generations at the 45 locations of burley tobacco growing area from 1984 to 1986 as KB 101. KB 101 has an erect growth habit similar to that of Burley 21: plant size is larger and has more leaves than those of Burley 21. It is late maturing cultivar that flowers approximately 3 days later than Burley 21. The physical characteristics and chemical composition of KB 101 were similar to those of Burley 21.

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A comparison of individual and combined $_L$-phenylalanine ammonia lyase and cationic peroxidase transgenes for engineering resistance in tobacco to necrotrophic pathogens

  • Way, Heather M.;Birch, Robert G.;Manners, John M.
    • Plant Biotechnology Reports
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.301-308
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    • 2011
  • This study tested the relative and combined efficacy of ShPx2 and ShPAL transgenes by comparing Nicotiana tabacum hybrids with enhanced levels of $_L$-phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity and cationic peroxidase (Prx) activity with transgenic parental lines that overexpress either transgene. The PAL/Prx hybrids expressed both transgenes driven by the 35S CaMV promoter, and leaf PAL and Prx enzyme activities were similar to those of the relevant transgenic parent and seven- to tenfold higher than nontransgenic controls. Lignin levels in the PAL/Prx hybrids were higher than the PAL parent and nontransgenic controls, but not significantly higher than the Prx parent. All transgenic plants showed increased resistance to the necrotrophs Phytophthora parasitica pv. nicotianae and Cercospora nicotianae compared to nontransgenic controls, with a preponderance of smaller lesion categories produced in Prx-expressing lines. However, the PAL/Prx hybrids showed no significant increase in resistance to either pathogen relative to the Prx parental line. These data indicate that, in tobacco, the PAL and Prx transgenes do not act additively in disease resistance. Stacking with Prx did not prevent a visible growth inhibition from PAL overexpression. Practical use of ShPAL will likely require more sophisticated developmental control, and we conclude that ShPx2 is a preferred candidate for development as a resistance transgene.