• 제목/요약/키워드: Phytophthora infestans

검색결과 121건 처리시간 0.022초

Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequences of Korean Phytophthora infestans Isolates and Comparative Analysis of Mitochondrial Haplotypes

  • Seo, Jin-Hee;Choi, Jang-Gyu;Park, Hyun-Jin;Cho, Ji-Hong;Park, Young-Eun;Im, Ju-Sung;Hong, Su-Young;Cho, Kwang-Soo
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제38권5호
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    • pp.541-549
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    • 2022
  • Potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is a destructive disease in Korea. To elucidate the genomic variation of the mitochondrial (mt) genome, we assembled its complete mt genome and compared its sequence among different haplotypes. The mt genome sequences of four Korean P. infestans isolates were revealed by Illumina HiSeq. The size of the circular mt genome of the four major genotypes, KR_1_A1, KR_2_A2, SIB-1, and US-11, was 39,872, 39,836, 39,872, and 39,840 bp, respectively. All genotypes contained the same 61 genes in the same order, comprising two RNA-encoding genes, 16 ribosomal genes, 25 transfer RNA, 17 genes encoding electron transport and ATP synthesis, 11 open reading frames of unknown function, and one protein import-related gene, tatC. The coding region comprised 91% of the genome, and GC content was 22.3%. The haplotypes were further analyzed based on sequence polymorphism at two hypervariable regions (HVRi), carrying a 2 kb insertion/deletion sequence, and HVRii, carrying 36 bp variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs). All four genotypes carried the 2 kb insertion/deletion sequence in HVRi, whereas HVRii had two VNTRs in KR_1_A1 and SIB-1 but three VNTRs in US-11 and KR_2_A2. Minimal spanning network and phylogenetic analysis based on 5,814 bp of mtDNA sequences from five loci, KR_1_A1 and SIB-1 were classified as IIa-6 haplotype, and isolates KR_1_A2 and US-11 as haplotypes IIa-5 and IIb-2, respectively. mtDNA sequences of KR_1_A1 and SIB-1 shared 100% sequence identity, and both were 99.9% similar to those of KR_2_A2 and US-11.

Convenient Assay of O2- Generated on Potato Tuber Tissue Slices Treated with Fungal Elicitor by Electron Spin Resonance - No Secondary Oxidative Burst Induction by H2O2 Treatment

  • Park, Hae-Jun;Doke, Noriyuki
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.283-287
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    • 2005
  • Since the discovery of generation of $O_2^-$ in plant, many evidence for the oxidative burst (OXB) has been accumulated in various combinations of plant and pathogen or elicitor systems. $O_2^-$ generating system responsible for the OXB was coupled with oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in microsomal fraction isolated from sliced aged potato tuber slices which were treated by hyphal wall components elicitor from Phytophthora infestans (HWC). We developed new assay method for quantitative measurement of oxygen radical $O_2^-$ by using electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis during elicitor­induced OXB on the surface of plant tissues. The ESR analysis using an $O_2^-$ trapper, Tiron (1,2-dihydroxy-3,5­benzenedisulfonic acid), provided a convenient assay for detecting only $O_2^-$ during elicitor-induced OXB producing various active oxygen species (AOS) on plant tissue surface. Tiron was oxidized to Tiron semiquinon radical by $O_2^-$. Quantity of the radical signal was measured by specific spectra on ESR spectroscopy. The level of $O_2^-$ was high in from surface of potato tuber tissue treated with hyphal cell wall elicitor (HWC) from Phytophthora infestans. There was no secondary OXB induction by $H_2O_2$ treatment in plant.

Rpi-blb2-Mediated Hypersensitive Cell Death Caused by Phytophthora infestans AVRblb2 Requires SGT1, but not EDS1, NDR1, Salicylic Acid-, Jasmonic Acid-, or Ethylene-Mediated Signaling

  • Oh, Sang-Keun;Kwon, Suk-Yoon;Choi, Doil
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.254-260
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    • 2014
  • Potato Rpi-blb2 encodes a protein with a coiled-coil-nucleotide binding site and leucine-rich repeat (CC-NBSLRR) motif that recognizes the Phytophthora infestans AVRblb2 effector and triggers hypersensitive cell death (HCD). To better understand the components required for Rpi-blb2-mediated HCD in plants, we used virus-induced gene silencing to repress candidate genes in Rpi-blb2-transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants and assayed the plants for AVRblb2 effector. Rpi-blb2 triggers HCD through NbSGT1-mediated pathways, but not NbEDS1- or NbNDR1-mediated pathways. In addition, the role of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) in Rpi-blb2-mediated HCD were analyzed by monitoring of the responses of NbICS1-, NbCOI1-, or NbEIN2-silenced or Rpi-blb2::NahG-transgenic plants. Rpi-blb2-mediated HCD in response to AVRblb2 was not associated with SA accumulation. Thus, SA affects Rpi-blb2-mediated resistance against P. infestans, but not Rpi-blb2-mediated HCD in response to AVRblb2. Additionally, JA and ET signaling were not required for Rpi-blb2-mediated HCD in N. benthamiana. Taken together, these findings suggest that NbSGT1 is a unique positive regulator of Rpi-blb2-mediated HCD in response to AVRblb2, but EDS1, NDR1, SA, JA, and ET are not required.

강원지역 감자 역병균 Phytophthora infestans의 교배형 및 약제저항성 변화 (Changes of Mating Type Distribution and Fungicide-resistance of Phytophthora infestans Collected from Gangwon Province)

  • 박경훈;류경열;윤종철;정규식;김점순;권민;김병섭;차병진
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.274-278
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    • 2010
  • 강원지역의 감자포장에서 2006년과 2007년에 역병균을 분리하여, 교배형, metalaxyl과 dimethomorph 반응을 조사하였다. 각 지역에서 분리한 역병균의 교배형을 조사한 결과, 2006년 분리된 조사 균주는 155 균주 중 A1형이 58.7%, A2형이 41.3%로 확인 되었으며, 2007년 분리된 균주에서 A2 교배형은 6.7%로 발생 비율이 매우 낮았다. metalaxyl에 대한 반응성은 2006년 133균주에서 저항성 균주가 73.75%, 중도 저항성 균주가 18.8%, 감수성 균주가 7.5%로 나타났으며, 2007년 조사한 101 균주 중에서 저항성이 56.4%, 중도저항성 균이 4%, 감수성 균이 36.6%로 분리되었다. 강원도의 대부분 지역에서 A2 교배형 발생과 metalaxyl에 저항성을 갖는 균주를 확인할 수 있었는데, 이러한 결과는 병원균이 지속적으로 기주 및 환경요인에 따라 변화되고 있음을 의미한다. Dimethomorph 약제 반응 조사결과 MIC 값은 0.6미만, 06~1.0, 1.0이상인 세 개의 그룹으로 분류 되었으며, 2006년에는 $1.0\;{\mu}g/ml$이상인 균주는 56.3%이었으나 2007년에는 $1.0\;{\mu}g/ml$이상인 균주가 4%였다. $EC_{50}$ 값은 2007년에 조사한 균주들의 평균값이 $0.12\;{\mu}g/ml$로 2006년 평균값 $0.37\;{\mu}g/ml$ 보다 감소하였다. 감자 역병균들의 MIC 값과 $EC_{50}$ 값을 고려한 결과, 2007년에 조사한 병원균의 약제 반응정도가 2006년에 분리한 균주보다 감소하는 것으로 확인되었다.

Phylogeny of Korean Isolates of Phytophthora Species Based on Sequence Analysis of Internal Transcribed Spacer of Ribosomal DNA

  • Hong, Seung-Beom;Jee, Hyeong-Jin;Kim, Sang-Hee;Go, Seung-Joo
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.29-35
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    • 2000
  • The internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS I, 5.8S and ITS II) of the ribosomal DNAs were amplified from Korean isolates of Phytophthora spp. and sequenced to characterize them. Sequences from 33 isolates previously identified as P. boehmeriae, P. cactprum, P. cambivora, P. capsici, P. cinnamomi, P. erythroseptica, P. infestans, P. megasperma, P. melonis, P. nicotianae, P. palmivora and P. sojae were compared with published sequences, and a phylogenetic tree was produced. All isolates belonging to 10 species, P. cactorum, P. cambivora, P. capsici, P. cinnamomi P. citricola, P. infestans, P. nicotianae, P. palmivora and P. sojae were clearly clustered into published isolates of each species above 97% bootstrap value. Cucurbits isolates of Phytophthora previously identified as either P. melonis or P. drechsleri showed distinct evolutionary lineages from the P. megasperma was closely related to isolates of P. cryptogea-P. drechsleri showed distinct evolutionary lineages from the P. cryptogea-P. drechsleri complex group, indicating that P. melonis is a valid species. A Korean isolate of P. megasperma was closely related to isolates of P. erythroseptica showed distant genetic relationship with published isolates of P. erythroseptica (CBS 956.87). It is probable that the two Korean isolates could be genetically different from foreign isolates or misidentified. A grouping of species according to ITS sequence divergence matched, to some degree, the broad classification based on type of papilla. However, a separation of semi-papillate species and papillate species was not wvident in this study.

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Chitinase 유전자 도입 형질전환 감자식물체의 역병저항성 (Resistance to the Fungal Pathogen Phytophthora infestans of Transgenic Potato Plants Harboring of Chitinase Gene)

  • 최경화;양덕춘;김현순;최경자;조광연;정혁
    • 식물조직배양학회지
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.177-182
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    • 1999
  • Chitinase 유전자가 삽입된 감자 Belchip 품종의 형질전환체와 대조구에 곰팡이 병원균을 접종하였다. 7개 계통의 형질전환식물체를 12cm정도 키운 후 병원균인 Phytophthora infestans의 zoospore를 접종하여 인공적으로 역병을 유발시켰다. 그 결과 발병율에 따라서 세 그룹으로 분리되었는데 대조구에 비하여 감염 정도가 심한 것 2개 계통. 비슷한 3개 계통, 발병 정도가 약한 2개 계통으로 구분되었다. 대조구에 비하여 저항성이 높았던 2개 계통과 발병이 심했던 1개 계통만을 대상으로 하여 2차실험을 실시한 결과, 1차실험과 비슷한 경향을 나타냈다. 포장에서 생육된 2개의 저항성 계통은 자연적으로 발생한 역병에 대해서도 역시 대조구에 비하여 역병저항성이 더 높았다.

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온실에서 고추.토마토 역병 및 오이 노균병에 대한 아인산(phosphorous acid)의 방제 효과 (Effect of phosphorous acid on control of phytophthora blight of red-pepper and tomato, and downy mildew of cucumber in the greenhouse)

  • 장태현;임태현;김익열;최경자;김진철;김흥태;이용세;조광연
    • 농약과학회지
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.64-70
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    • 2000
  • 아인산의 고추 토마토 역병 및 노균병에 대한 방제 효과를 성체 식물체를 이용하여 온실에서 검정한 결과, 고추 역병의 경우 $1,408{\mu}g$ a.i./mL ($H_{3}PO_{3}$) 농도 처리에서 91%와 80%의 예방 및 치료효과를 보였다. 토마토 역병의 경우는 $1,408{\mu}g$ a. i./mL 처리에서 각각 63.4%와 13.0%의 예방 및 치료효과를 보여 고추 역병에 비해 효과가 저조하였다. 토마토 역병균의 유주자낭의 밀도가 $1{\times}10^{3}{\sim}1{\times}10^{4}/mL$일 경우 방제 효과가 높았다. 고추역병균에 대한 약제지속효과에 있어서 아인산은 경엽처리 4일 후에도 94%의 높은 방제 효과를 보여 대조약제인 포롬 수화제에 비해 효과가 지속됨을 알 수 있었다. 오이 노균병에 대해서는 $1,408{\mu}g$ a.i./mL 처리는 82와 62%의 예방 및 치료효과를 보였다. 아인산의 경엽처리는 식물의 생육을 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다.

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