• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.56-61
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• 2008

Bioactivity guided phytochemical study of the petroleum ether and butanol extracts of Clematis hirsuta resulted in the isolation of 12 compounds. Rat paw edema as a model of acute inflammation was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts and the chromatographic fractions. Five known sterols and triterpenes namely: ${\beta}-amyrin$ (1), lupeol (2), ${\beta}-sitosterol$ (3), oleanolic acid (4) and stigmasterol glycoside (5) were isolated from the petroleum ether extract. The n-butanol extract afforded two compounds reported for the first time from natural source: (S)-(+)-dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2(3H)-furanone (7) and (s)-(-)-5-hydroxymethyl-2(5H)-furanone (8). In addition, anemonin (6), dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2(3H)-furanone (2-deoxy-D-ribono-1,4-lactone) (9), biophenol (cimidahurin) (10), glucose (11) and sucrose (12) were also identified. The structures were determined from spectroscopic data including 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.569-576
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• 2016

This study researched the effects of cooking methods on phytochemical-enriched thin rice porridge (RP) of three colors (red, yellow, and green). Each of the RPs was prepared by three cooking methods and retorted through two-steps (step 1, at $80^{\circ}C$ for 15 min; step 2, at $82^{\circ}C$ for 25 min) for pasteurization. Cooking method (CM) 1 involved heating a mixture of all ingredients while CM 2 involved addition of apple/beet (AB, red), sweet-pumpkin/cabbage (PC, yellow) or vitamin/pear (green) while heating rice flour and glutinous rice flour. CM 3 involved mixing pre-cooked fruits and vegetables with cooked thin RP. The viscosity of RP prepared by CM 1 was lower than those of other RPs (P<0.05). The result of colorimetric a value show that red and green color of AB and VP prepared by CM 2 and CM 3 were most vivid. Contents of phytochemicals and antioxidants were higher when RP was prepared by CM 2 and CM 3 compared to CM 1. ${\Delta}E$ values of PC showed no significant difference before and after pasteurization, whereas AB and VP were significantly different (P<0.05). Antioxidant activity after retorting was not significantly different from those of un-retorted RPs. The results of color, phytochemical content, and antioxidant activity show that CM 2 or CM 3 were considerably better than CM 1, whereas cooking method had no effect after two-step retorting. Therefore, uncomplicated cooking method such as CM 1 or CM 2 are suited for commercial production of RPs.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.142-145
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• 1991

Two flavonoids have been isolated from the leaves of Machilus thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. (Lauraceae) and identified as hyperin and isoquercitrin.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.1 s.128
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• pp.1-4
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• 2002

The phytochemical study of the underground parts of Gardenia jasminoides var. radicans Makino (Rubiaceae) led to the isolation of five coumarins. On the basis of spectroscopic evidences, the structures of these compounds were charaterized as ferulic acid(l), 5,8-di-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydroxybutyloxylpsoralen)(2), skimmin(3), uracil(4), $3-0-{\alpha}-D-glucopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}4)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyloxypeucedanin$ hydrates(5), respectively.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.317-321
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• 2007

Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Lotus ornithopodioloides L. resulted in the isolation of six known compounds. The structures were determined utilizing physical, chemical, spectral methods as well as direct comparison with reference materials whenever possible. The compounds were identified as: ${\beta}$-sitosterol; the two triterpenes oleanolic and betulinic acids; the two cyanogenic glycosides lotaustralin and linamarin in addition to the flavonol diglycoside kaempferitin.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 2021

Carnosol is a phenolic diterpene phytochemical found in rosemary and sage with reported anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic activities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of carnosol on the lineage commitment of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) into osteoblasts and adipocytes. Interestingly, carnosol stimulated the early commitment of mBMSCs into osteoblasts in dose-dependent manner as demonstrated by increased levels of alkaline phosphatase activity and Alizarin red staining for matrix mineralization. On the other hand, carnosol significantly suppressed adipogenesis of mBMSCs and downregulated both early and late markers of adipogenesis. Carnosol showed to induce osteogenesis in a mechanism mediated by activating BMP signaling pathway and subsequently upregulating the expression of BMPs downstream osteogenic target genes. In this context, treatment of mBMSCs with LDN-193189, BMPR1 selective inhibitor showed to abolish the stimulatory effect of carnosol on BMP2-induced osteogenesis. In conclusion, our data identified carnosol as a novel osteoanabolic phytochemical that can promote the differentiation of mBMSCs into osteoblasts versus adipocytes by activating BMP-signaling.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.198.1-198.1
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• 2003

As part of our systematic study for Korean Compositae plants, we have studied Saussurea nutans, collected at Gangwon Province on August 2001. Phytochemical studies on various species of genus Saussurea have resulted in the isolation sesquiterpene, triterpene and flavonoid$\^$1)/. S. nutans has been used for the treatment of rheumatic arthritis and dysmenorrhea in the Chinese folk medicine$\^$2)/. However, chemical constituents of this plant have not been reported until now. The MeOH extract of the aerial parts of this source was solvent fractionated into n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate and BuOH soluble portions. (omitted)

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.8 s.88
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• pp.1115-1120
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• 2007

In the present study, we investigated whether several phytochemicals (resveratrol, genistein, epicatechin gallate, dially disulfide, caffeic acid phenetyl ester) and sulindac sulfide could induce expression of tumor suppressor p53 protein in human colorectal HCT116 cells. We found that p53 was dramatically induced by all phytochemical treatments except sulindac sulfide. Among treated phytochemicals, we selected resveratrol for further experiments because it is one of the highest p53 inducer. Using a Western blot analysis, we found that resveratrol induced p53 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, using membrane-based microarray analysis, we found that twenty-five genes were up-regulated and two genes were down-regulated by resveratrol treatment. Among the up-regulated genes, we selected 4 genes and performed reverse-transcription-PCR to confirm microarray data. The results of RT-PCR were highly accorded with those of membrane microarray. In addition, we found that thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) expression was not dependent on p53 presence, whereas mammary serine protease inhibitor (MASPIN) expression was dependent on p53 expressed by resveratrol treatment. The results of this study may help to promote our understandings of the molecular mechanisms of chemoprevention that are mediated by resveratrol in human colorectal cancer.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.68 no.2
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• pp.59-68
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• 2023

Sweet corn is widely consumed due to its high nutritional content and diverse phytochemical composition, including carotenoids and phenolic compounds, which have several benefits for human health. This study aims to identify breeding materials for developing high-functional sweet corn varieties by evaluating the phytochemical and antioxidant activities of 37 Korean sweet corn inbred lines. The results revealed genetic variation in various components, such as carotenoid content (range of 120.7~1239.3 mg 100 g^-1), polyphenol content (490.5~740.6 mg gallic acid equivalent 100 g^-1), and flavonoid content (7.3~68.6 mg catechin equivalent 100 g^-1). In addition, the free radical scavenging capacity, measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), also varied among the inbred lines. Therefore, in this study, we identified Korean sweet corn inbred lines with high phytochemical content and excellent antioxidant activity. The development of sweet corn varieties with improved functionality is expected to further expand the role of sweet corn as a source of antioxidants in the Korean diet.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.953-958
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• 2013

Selaginella tamariscina is a traditional herb used in medicine. Phytochemical amentoflavone, a biflavonoid class of flavonoids, was isolated from the plant of Selaginella tamariscina. In this study, the antibacterial effects and combination effects of amentoflavone and conventional antibiotics such as ampicillin, cefotaxime, and chloramphenicol were investigated. These results showed that amentoflavone had a considerable antibacterial effect and synergistic interaction with antibiotics against various bacterial strains (fractional inhibitory concentration index ${\leq}$ 0.5), except for Streptococcus mutans. To study the mechanism(s) involved in the synergistic activities between amentoflavone and antibiotics, we detected hydroxyl radical formation using 3'-(p-hydroxyphenyl) fluorescein and measured the $NAD^+/NADH$ ratio by $NAD^+$ cycling assay. The results indicated that the formation of hydroxyl radical would be a cause of the synergistic effect and that this oxidative stress originated from a transient NADH depletion. This study suggests that amentoflavone synergizes with antibiotics and has potential as a therapeutic agent for antimicrobial chemotherapy.