• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2021

Aster species (Asteraceae) are widely distributed edible and medicinal plants, known to contain various specialized metabolites including polyphenols and saponins. However, systemic analysis on the chemical profiles of these plants have rarely been made. Here we analyzed the phytochemical constituents in leaves of 6 Aster species occurring in Korea, A. ageratoides, A. altaicus var. uchiyamae, A. glehnii, A. hispidus, A. incisus, and A. yomena, by applying a LC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics approach. The analysis revealed that A. ageratoides, A. hispidus, and A. yomena are relatively rich in saponins most of which are expected to be previously unknown.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2023

Natural goods, especially therapeutic plants, are abundant in the World. Because they have the ability to provide all humanity with countless advantages as a source of medicines, medicinal plants are presently receiving more attention than ever. These plants' therapeutic efficacy is based on bioactive phytochemical components that have clear physiological effects on the human body. The drying process is crucial for the preparation of plant materials prior to extraction since freshly harvested plant materials include active enzymes that create active components, intermediates, and metabolic processes. Many of the phytoconstituents may be extracted using the semi-polar solvent methanol. The goal of the current work is to use the GC-MS gas chromatography- mass spectrometry technology to identify the phytochemicals and review their biological activity. In methanol leaf extract, 5 phytocompounds were found in Ricinus communis, 5 phytocompounds in Pongamia pinnata, 12 phytocompounds in Datura metal, 7 phytocompounds in Azadirachta indica, 11 phytocompounds in Acalypha indica.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제66권
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• pp.353-358
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• 2023

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) belongs to the Poaceae family. This study compared the polyphenol and flavonoid levels of unfermented and fermented barley sprouts using spectrophotometric assays. The findings indicated that fermentation greatly boosted the flavonoid content but caused only a slight increase in the polyphenol content. However, this does not imply that fermentation has no effects whatsoever on the polyphenol content of barley sprouts. This was due to the fact that some flavonoids cannot be detected by the wavelength used to calculate the overall polyphenol concentration. Both samples were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis and detected the flavonoids lutonarin, saponarin, isoorientin, isovitexin, and tricin-all of which have bioactive properties-most notably known for their antioxidant activity. These results augment the ongoing phytochemical profiling research and can possibly valorize the already thriving barley industry.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7179-7188
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• 2015

Cancer is a major health obstacle around the world, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) as major causes of morbidity and mortality. Nowadays, there isgrowing interest in the therapeutic use of natural products for HCC and CRC, owing to the anticancer activity of their bioactive constituents. Boswellia serrata oleo gum resin has long been used in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine to alleviate a variety of health problems such as inflammatory and arthritic diseases. The current study aimed to identify and explore the in vitro anticancer effect of B. Serrata bioactive constituents on HepG2 and HCT 116 cell lines. Phytochemical analysis of volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Oleo-gum-resin of B. Serrata was then successively extracted with petroleum ether (extract 1) and methanol (extract 2). Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis of the lipoidal matter was also performed. In addition, a methanol extract of B. Serrata oleo gum resin was phytochemically studied using column chromatography (CC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) to obtain four fractions (I, II, III and IV). Sephadex columns were used to isolate ${\beta}$-boswellic acid and identification of the pure compound was done using UV, mass spectra, $^1H$ NMR and $^{13}C$ NMR analysis. Total extracts, fractions and volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo-gum resin were subsequently applied to HCC cells (HepG2 cell line) and CRC cells (HCT 116 cell line) to assess their cytotoxic effects. GLC analysis of the lipoidal matter resulted in identification of tricosane (75.32%) as a major compound with the presence of cholesterol, stigmasterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol. Twenty two fatty acids were identified of which saturated fatty acids represented 25.6% and unsaturated fatty acids 74.4% of the total saponifiable fraction. GC/MS analysis of three chromatographic fractions (I,II and III) of B. Serrata oleo gum resin revealed the presence of pent-2-ene-1,4-dione, 2-methyl- levulinic acid methyl ester, 3,5- dimethyl- 1-hexane, methyl-1-methylpentadecanoate, 1,1- dimethoxy cyclohexane, 1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)benzene and 17a-hydroxy-17a-cyano, preg-4-en-3-one. GC/MS analysis of volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin revealed the presence of sabinene (19.11%), terpinen-4-ol (14.64%) and terpinyl acetate (13.01%) as major constituents. The anti-cancer effect of two extracts (1 and 2) and four fractions (I, II, III and IV) as well as volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin on HepG2 and HCT 116 cell lines was investigated using SRB assay. Regarding HepG2 cell line, extracts 1 and 2 elicited the most pronounced cytotoxic activity with $IC_{50}$ values equal 1.58 and $5.82{\mu}g/mL$ at 48 h, respectively which were comparable to doxorubicin with an $IC_{50}$ equal $4.68{\mu}g/mL$ at 48 h. With respect to HCT 116 cells, extracts 1 and 2 exhibited the most obvious cytotoxic effect; with $IC_{50}$ values equal 0.12 and $6.59{\mu}g/mL$ at 48 h, respectively which were comparable to 5-fluorouracil with an $IC_{50}$ equal $3.43{\mu}g/mL$ at 48 h. In conclusion, total extracts, fractions and volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin proved their usefulness as cytotoxic mediators against HepG2 and HCT 116 cell lines with different potentiality (extracts > fractions > volatile oil). In the two studied cell lines the cytotoxic acivity of each of extract 1 and 2 was comparable to doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil, respectively. Extensive in vivo research is warranted to explore the precise molecular mechanisms of these bioactive natural products in cytotoxicity against HCC and CRC cells.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

This study assessed in vitro antioxidant activity (ABTS⁺ and DPPH) of Vitex rotundifolia seeds collected from two different regions in Korea (Jungjang City and Sindu City). Three extraction methods using ethanol, methanol, and water were prepared separately and subjected to quantification by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) analysis as well as antioxidant testing. Among them, the water-based extract exhibited superior activity in the ABTS⁺ compared with the ethanol- and methanol-based extracts, while the DPPH assay analysis, revealed that the methanol-based extract had very low antioxidant activity. The concentrations of vanillic acid (1), luteolin (2), vitexicarpin (3), and artemetin (4) were quantified using HPLC-PDA analysis. Vanillic acid (1) was identified as the main antioxidant in V. rotundifolia seeds. Combining the antioxidant activity and quantitative analysis results, the water-based extract was considered to have the highest antioxidant activity. Furthermore, vanillic acid (1) was detected in the leaves and stems of V. rotundifolia plants from different regions, indicating that this species has the potential for use in future antioxidant-applications.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.36-39
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• 2018

Phytochemical analysis of Boehmeria nivea (Bn) leaves by medium pressure liquid chromatography led to the isolation of a flavonoid glycoside identified by spectroscopic analysis as rutin. The amount of rutin in the leaves of Bn harvested from nine regions in South Korea (Bn 1-9) which were collected on the months of June, July, August, and September was determined by HPLC-UV analysis. A gradient elution program that utilizes a $Discovery^{(R)}$ C18 ($4.6{\times}250mm$, $5{\mu}m$) column and mobile phase composed of 1% acetic acid-water: acetonitrile (90:10 to 60:40 for min) was followed. The injection volume and flow rate were $10{\mu}l$ and 1 mL/ min, respectively. UV detection was set at 350 nm. Results show that Bn-8 harvested in September reported the highest content of rutin among the samples analyzed. This study provides a basis for the optimal harvest time of Bn which maximizes the yield of rutin.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.252-261
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• 2020

We prepare ZnO nanoparticles by environmentally friendly synthesis using Cyathea nilgiriensis leaf extract. Various phytochemical constituents are identified through the assessment of ethanolic extract of plant Cyathea nilgiriensis holttum by GC-MS analysis. The formation of ZnO nanoparticles is confirmed by FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM, SAED and PSA analysis. TEM observation reveals that the biosynthesized ZnO nanopowder has a hexagonal structure. The calculated average crystallite size from the high intense plane of (1 0 1) is 29.11 nm. The particle size, determined by TEM analysis, is in good agreement with that obtained by XRD analysis. We confirm the formation of biomolecules in plant extract by FT-IR analysis and propose a possible formation mechanism of ZnO nanoparticles. Disc diffusion method is used for the analyses of antimicrobial activity of ZnO nanoparticles. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles exhibit antimicrobial effect in disc diffusion experiments. The biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles display good antibacterial performance against B. subtilis (Gram-positive bacteria) and K. pneumonia (Gram-negative bacteria). Bio-synthesized nanoparticles using green method are found to possess good antimicrobial performance.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.82-86
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• 2015

Phytochemical constituents were isolated from the fruits of Acanthopanax chiisanensis by repeated column chromatography. Their structures were identified as $\beta$-sitosterol (1), daucosterol (2), sesamin (3), chiisanogenin (4), and $22\alpha$-hydroxy chiisanogenin (5) by spectroscopic analysis (MS, ¹H-, and ¹³C-NMR). Compounds 1 - 5 were isolated for the first time from the fruits of A. chiisanensis.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2011

The seeds of Abrus precatorius L. (Family- Fabaceae) constitute the drugs Abrus, Gunja, or Ratti in commerce. In the Indian System of Medicine, the seeds are used for sciatica, paralysis, headache, dysentery, diarrhoea, leprosy, ulcer, nervous disorders, alopecia, as well as anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antitumor, sexual stimulant and abortifacient. Seeds are poisonous and therefore are used after mitigation. The protein abrin is responsible for the highly toxic properties of seeds. Quantitative HPTLC analysis of the methanolic extract of seeds determined the presence of 0.4018% gallic acid and 0.4009% glycyrrhizin. The present study was undertaken to develop an HPTLC method, as well as ascertain the physico-chemical, morphological and histological parameters to establish the authenticity of A. precatorius seeds.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.115-118
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• 2018

Herein, we reported the phytochemical investigation of whole thallus Sumatran lichen, Stereocaulon graminosum Schaer, and isolated a mono aromatic compound, ethyl haematommate (1). The structure of compound 1 have been established based on spectroscopic data and confirmed by single crystal X-ray structure analysis.