• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.607-614
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• 2012

Purpose: This is a descriptive research that reports incidents of workplace violence among care helpers. Methods: The subjects were 181 care helpers from elderly care facilities and domiciliary elderly welfare centers in Daejeon. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires from July to November 2011. Subjects were asked to report incidents of violence within the previous six months. Data analysis included one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis. Results: Forty-seven percent of care helpers reported verbal violence, 16% reported being physically threatened, more than 21 % reported sustaining a physical injury with 2% reporting severe physical injuries. Further, 18.8% of the care givers reported being sexually harassed by client. There were differences in reported workplace violence based on service types, service hours and whether there were policies about workplace violence. Conclusion: To prevent workplace violence for carehelpers, it is necessary to make a policy for preventing violence and develop a violence prevention program to meet service characteristics of facility-based and domiciliary care helpers.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.93-104
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of the long-term influence of violence on hospital nurses. Methods : Three-hundred hospital nurses were recruited in B city, South Korea. They were asked to complete a questionnaire, and 282 data- sets were included in the multiple regression analysis. Results : Subjects experienced more episodes of verbal violence than that of physical threats or physical violence. Assailants tended to be patients and their caretakers rather than internal customers. Nurses who had religion, worked in a surgical ward, and a 3-6 year career perceived a high level of violent experiences compared to their counterparts. The determinants of the long-term influence of violence were physical violence (t=-2.705, p=.007), emotion-focused coping (t=3.049, p=.003), and emotional response (t=3.611, p<.001). The model was statistically significant explaining 13.0% of the variance (F=14.981, p<.001). Conclusions : Nurse managers should help nurses who are victims of hospital violence by teaching them not to depend on emotion-focused coping and by alleviating their emotional response to violence.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.11-23
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• 2005

The purposes of this article is to assess the current status of conjugal violence among elderly women and to examine the relationship between conjugal violence and the mental health status of elderly women in Korea. The results of this study are; (1) the largest proportion (44.9%) of elderly women experienced verbal violence, followed by minor physical violence (35.5%), severe physical violence (13.1%), and sexual violence (5.6%); (2) the mental health status of elderly women who have been exposed to violence was worse than that of elderly women who have not. In conclusion, this article argues that interventions for better marital relationships among elderly couples are needed and comprehensive programs for improvement of mental health are also needed for elderly women in general.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.187-202
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate males' and females 'experiences of violence and to determine what variables served as predicting indicators among unmarried college students. The major findings were as follows; 1. Those who sustained psychological agression were 61% physical violence 43% and sexual violence 22% As the sample indicates victimization of dating violence among college students is a common phenomenon.2. More males sustained the severe from of physical violence and the sexual violence than females did while both sexes reciprocally sustained psychological aggression. 3. For males significant predictors of sustaining dating violence were conflicts inthe dating relationship and witness of interparental aggression while for females conflicts in the dating relationship a need to control one's partner and school violence served as significant predictors.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.205-220
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Martial Violence and Children's Physical, Emotional Abuse. The subjects of this study were 334 children of first, second and third grade in elementary schools located in Pusan and their mothers. Two questionaires were developed for this study. The questionnaire for measuring child abuse(Physical, Emotinal) was composed of 10 and 21 items for children and questionnaire for measuring marital violence perceived by their mothers was composed of 28 items. The results of this study were as follows; 1) There significant correlations between sociodemographic characteristics and Marital Violence. 2) There were significant correlations between sociodemographic characteristics and Children's Physical, Emotional Abuse. 3) There were significant relationships between Marital Violence and Child Abuse.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.105-118
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the influences of child abuse, teachers violence, and peer victimization on childrens adjustment. The 451 subjects(238 boys and 213 girls) were selected from the 5th graders of elementary schools and 2nd graders of middle schools in Pohang City. The subjects reported child abuse, teachers violence, victimization by peers, self-esteem, depression, and anxiety. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, Cronbach $\alpha$, t-test, and multiple regression. The main findings of this study were as follows: (1) Boys were more focused on physical.emotional abuse, physical.verbal victimization, and physical violence by teacher than girls. (2) Elementary school students were more focused on violence by teacher and peers than middle school students. (3) Influences of child abuse, teachers violence, and peer victimization on childrens self-esteem, depression, and anxiety had difference among subtypes of child abuse, teachers violence, and peer victimization.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.91-105
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to describe the current status of 119 EMT to violence experiences in Korea. Method : The number of 119 EMT in this study 2522. Self-administering questionnaire data were collected from April 27 to March 8 in 2009. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 14.0 program. Real number, percentage, mean and standard deviation were calculated. Pearson correlation coefficient was analyzed. Result : 119 EMTs experienced 95.32%-verbal insults, 61.54%-violence aggression, 60.51%- potential violence, 38.70%-physical assault. Within 30 days from the most recent period of violence experienced verbal insults and violence aggression-51.07%, potential violence and physical assault-48.41%. The patients(50.59%) and the patients and patient's carers(38.26%) proved to be violent offender. The main reason of violent act was drug or alcohol addiction(56.15%). Recent exposure to violence was 34.82% by 7 point reward of stress level. 5-point scale showed the average of experiences of violence. Response average of emotional reactions was 2.66 points and that of physical reaction was 2.18 points. Social reaction was 2.06 points. Conclusion : This study was based on the violence experience of 119 EMT. It is necessary to prevent the violence from emergency scene. So we proposed the preventive measure against violence as well as critical incident stress debriefing(CISD). Policy for CISD and stress management will be implemented in the near future in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.183-194
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamics of dating violence among male and female adolescents. Out of 1205 high school students. 90.6%(n=1092) was included for the final analysis. 120 students(11.9%) reported to have experienced physical violence with a dating partner at least once or more. The most frequently used forms of violence were pushing and grabbing. Both of aggressors and victims interpreted the violence as an expression of love and affection. Coping behavior of victims were quite passive, while aggressors tried to apologize and to make-up. Most of victims were angry about violence. while aggressors felt sorry for their behavior. 72.5% of respondents reported that the relationship remained unchanged or got better after the violence. while 26.7% answered their relationship was terminated or got worse. 157 respondents(14.4%) reported to have experienced psychological violence at least once or more. Shouting and insulting language or behavior were most frequently used. Coping behavior of victims was mostly negotiation and communication. Based on the findings of this study, suggestions were made in regard to student guidance and counseling for dating aggression.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.76-85
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study were to explore workplace violence experiences and to analyze differences of violence experiences based on the department and harmers to nurses in hospitals. Method: Data were collected from the self-reported survey of 496 nurses and nurse aids in three hospitals in D area in Korea from April to May in 2007. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis using SPSS Win 12.0. Result: The nurses in hospitals experienced offensive verbal abuse (88.4%), verbal threat (36.5%), physical violence (24.5%), serious physical violence (2.2%), and sexual harrassment (25.7%) during last one year in hospitals. Nursing staffs in hospital demonstrated different violent experiences by age and service areas. Conclusion: These findings revealed high rates of violence experiences of nursing staffs in hospital. Thus, hospitals should develop policies, guidelines, and programs for preventing and managing workplace violence.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.762-771
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the reactions of emergency department nurses to violence. Methods: Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. Thirty emergency department nurses classified 33 selected Q-statements into a normal distribution using a 9 point scale. The collected data was analyzed using the Quanl PC Program. Results: Three types of reactions to violence were identified. The first type(emotional and physical reactions) showed a sense of regret on the selection of an occupation and emotional and physical reactions such as anxiety, fear, depression, hopelessness, heart palpitations and trembling hands due to the violence. The second type(problem solving) actively coped to prevent the occurrence of violence, grasped the causes of violence and sought out a problem solving plan. The third type(anger reactions) felt a lot of anger against violence, and resented their reality of working under conditions of inadequately secured facilities and systems. Conclusion: The emotional and physical reactions type and the anger reactions type should be required to attend educational programs to improve attitudes and abilities to solve the problems in a more active and positive manner.