• Title/Summary/Keyword: Physical presence

Search Result 938, Processing Time 0.029 seconds

The Meaning of Spatial Atmosphere as an Emotional Space Experience Phenomenon and Spatial Design Implementation Methods - Focused on The O.F. Bollnow's Space Theory and The Spatial Design of Peter Zumthor - (정서적 공간체험의 현상으로서 공간적 분위기의 의미와 공간 디자인 구현 방법 - O. F. Bollnow의 공간론과 Peter Zumthor의 공간디자인을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Yun-Jung;Park, Chan-Il
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
    • /
    • v.24 no.2
    • /
    • pp.88-99
    • /
    • 2015
  • As architecture is designed for humans to live in based on practicality, what one experiences within such spaces is important. Such experiences are not felt only by appreciating the structure's appearance, but involve physical presence inside the space and the deepening of the individuals relationship with the space through the body's sensory perception. However, in modern times there is a much greater tendency to rely on superficial experiences by way of images or tastes rather than more meaningful human participation, while the standardization of the object universe is gradually erasing the uniqueness of experience. In light of this, the restoration of emotional and sensory spatial experiences through the design of sensory spaces can be regarded as an important task in modern spatial design. This study contemplated the meaning of emotional spatial experiences through a phenomenological understanding of such experiences, and analyzed the meaning and main factors in the creation of spatial atmosphere as a phenomenon of spatial experience. In addition, we highlighted the fact that spatial atmosphere can be applied as space design methodology by devising methods of expression through an analysis of actual examples. O.F. Bollnow's space theory and the spatial design of Peter Zumthor were the subjects of this analysis. The spatial atmosphere analyzed using Bullnow's theory is a phenomenon in which both the human and space are connected and the ensuing spatial experience embodies the emotions of both. This spatial atmosphere can be understood as a condition in which the human and space are fused together. Furthermore, coincidental/accidental meeting, mediums using potential objects, reorganization of the center due to autonomous boundaries, as well as the three temporalities were identified as the main factors in the creation of spatial atmosphere. Based on this analysis, through the identification of methods of expression for spatial atmosphere in Zumthor's spaces.

Characteristics of Online Discussion System for Physics Investigation Through the Students' Perceptions (학생들의 인식조사를 통한 온라인 물리탐구토론의 특징)

  • Lee, Bong-Woo;Kim, Hee-Kyong
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
    • /
    • v.24 no.6
    • /
    • pp.1206-1215
    • /
    • 2004
  • In this study, we explored the students' perceptions on the online discussion system for physics investigation as the physics education program. With these, we explored the characteristics of online discussion system. For these, the questions and interviews were executed in order to get informations about user-friendly characteristics of on-line discussion learning system of physics investigation, asynchronicity of on-line investigation discussion, on-line investigation discussion related to writing, visual cues and physical presence of on-line investigation discussion and preference of on-line investigation discussion. The students represented that there were two advantages in the online investigation discussion. One is that they could participate in the on-line investigation discussion without the restriction of time and space, and the other is that they could enter into a dispute with sufficient consideration because of the asynchronicity characteristic of online investigation discussion. Although the online educational activity is mainly achieved by independent work on the part of students, the role of teacher and parents is more important than the technical part of online educational system for the active participation.

Applied element method simulation of experimental failure modes in RC shear walls

  • Cismasiu, Corneliu;Ramos, Antonio Pinho;Moldovan, Ionut D.;Ferreira, Diogo F.;Filho, Jorge B.
    • Computers and Concrete
    • /
    • v.19 no.4
    • /
    • pp.365-374
    • /
    • 2017
  • With the continuous evolution of the numerical methods and the availability of advanced constitutive models, it became a common practice to use complex physical and geometrical nonlinear numerical analyses to estimate the structural behavior of reinforced concrete elements. Such simulations may yield the complete time history of the structural behavior, from the first moment the load is applied until the total collapse of the structure. However, the evolution of the cracking pattern in geometrical discontinuous zones of reinforced concrete elements and the associated failure modes are relatively complex phenomena and their numerical simulation is considerably challenging. The objective of the present paper is to assess the applicability of the Applied Element Method in simulating the development of distinct failure modes in reinforced concrete walls subjected to monotonic loading obtained in experimental tests. A pushover test was simulated numerically on three distinct RC shear walls, all presenting an opening that guarantee a geometrical discontinuity zone and, consequently, a relatively complex cracking pattern. The presence of different reinforcement solutions in each wall enables the assessment of the reliability of the computational model for distinct failure modes. Comparison with available experimental tests allows concluding on the advantages and the limitations of the Applied Element Method when used to estimate the behavior of reinforced concrete elements subjected to monotonic loading.

Nonlinear Interaction among Wave, Current and Submerged Breakwater (파랑-흐름-잠제의 비선형 상호간섭 해석)

  • Park, Su-Ho;Lee, Jung-Hoo
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
    • /
    • v.36 no.6
    • /
    • pp.1037-1048
    • /
    • 2016
  • In this study, nonlinear wave interaction in the presence of a uniform current is studied using numerical model, named CADMAS-SURF which is based on the Navier-Stokes equations coupled with Volume of Fluid for tracking free surface deformation. The original CADMAS-SURF developed for interaction of wave with structure is modified/extended to simulate nonlinear fluid dynamic motions within wave-current coexisting field. The capability of Numerical Wave-Current Tank (NWCT) in this study is validated by comparing with available existing laboratory experiments for both wave-following and wave-opposing current. The numerical results for interaction between wave and current are shown to be in good agreement with experimental data. Then, this study focused on the dynamic motions of the water velocity, surface elevation and vorticity within combined wave-current field in demonstrating complex nonlinear physical phenomena due to interaction between wave and current. In addition, NWCT is applied to simulate a more complex wave-current-structure field for wave propagating over a submerged breakwater associated with current. Detailed discussion including characteristics of velocity and vorticity fields and the relation between free surface and vorticity are given.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE FREEZE-DRIED BONE OF MAXILLA AND MANDIBLE IN KOREANS ;I. A microbiologic study of the sterility on the fresh-frozen and freeze-dried bone of human (동결 건조한 한국인 상하악골에 대한 실험적 연구;I. 단순냉동 및 냉동 건조된 동종골의 멸균에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Um, In-Woong
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
    • /
    • v.13 no.4
    • /
    • pp.405-411
    • /
    • 1991
  • To determine the sterility of the prepared allogeneic bone of the human, culture of the allografts prior to implantation was performed on fresh-frozen and freeze-dried bone. Before the use of allografts to the patients, it must be confirmed about the sterility, cellular cytotoxicity, immune reaction, and osteoinductive potential as a biomaterials. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons demand for allograft bone will be increased in the future. Wonkwang Bone Bank attempted to meet this demand, has performed series of experimental study on the allograft bone of the Koreans to evaluate the physical and chemical suitability of the bone since the surgeons applications will have broadened from benign cystic lesions to fracture malunions and non-unions, large segmental defects, and whole-bone allorgrafts after tumor surgery. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Freeze-drying(FD) only shoed some bactericidal effects of the normal and osteo bone but in cases of performing EO gas sterilization, the FD effects was not clear. 2. The fact that FD has little effect than the EO gas sterilization on normal bone postulated that the presence of microbiota may be due to an operation and bone processing procedure. 3. FD and EO gas sterilization had a remarkable effect on the osteo bone. 4. The sterilization effect were EO gas, Freeze-drying, Fresh-Frozen with descending order. But all sterilization method were not complete to preserve and implant allograft bone. We are now performing further continuous study on the radiation and chemical sterilization procedure to make safe and complete allograft bone.

  • PDF

Bacillus cereus ASK-202에서 cloning 된 agarase의 물리 ${\cdot}$ 화학적 특성

  • Hwang, Seon-Hui;Ha, Sun-Deuk;Kim, Bong-Jo;Gong, Jae-Yeol
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 2002.04a
    • /
    • pp.534-537
    • /
    • 2002
  • An agarase gene from Bacillus cereus ASK202 was expressed in high levels by E. coli BL21(DE3)/pEBA1 using pET28a(+) vector system with the inducible T7 promoter in the presence of isopropyl- ${\beta}$ -thiogalactopyranoside. The open reading frame encodes 761 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 83,300 daltons and a potential signal peptide about 36 amino acid residues at the N-terminus. E. coli BL21(DE3)/pEBA1 produce 1280 unit/ ${\ell}$ of agarase. The optimum physical condition for the agarase activity was pH 5.6, and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively. The agarase activity was stable up pH $4.0{\sim}9.0$ and $4{\sim}40^{\circ}C$. The km and maximum rate of metabolism for agar were 0.068mg/$m{\ell}$ and 0.094mg/$m{\ell}{\cdot}min$, respectively.

  • PDF

Secrecy Performance of Secure Amplify-and-Forward Transmission with Multi-Antenna Relay (다중 안테나 릴레이 기반의 Secure Amplifyand-Forward 전송 시스템의 보안 성능 분석)

  • Hwang, Kyu-Sung;Ju, MinChul
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
    • /
    • v.38A no.8
    • /
    • pp.733-738
    • /
    • 2013
  • In this paper, we consider a physical layer security of an amplify-and-forward (AF) transmission in a presence of an eavesdropper in a wiretap channel. The proposed wiretap channel consists of a source, a destination, a relay, and an eavesdropper. Specifically, we consider that the relay has multiple antennas to exploit a diversity gain and a receive/transmit antenna selection schemes are applied to maximize a signal-to-noise ratio. In a practical point of view, we focus on the practical scenario where the relay does not have any channel state information of the eavesdropper while performing an AF protocol at the relay. For a secrecy performance analysis, we analyze a secrecy outage probability of the proposed system in one-integral form and verify our analysis with the computer-based simulation.

A Study on the Physical Properties of xB2O3-yBi2O3-zPbO-5SiO2 Glass System (xB2O3 -yBi2O3-zPbO-5SiO2계 유리의 전기적인 특성)

  • Joung, Maeng Sig;Ju, Kyung Bok;Lee, Nam Han
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
    • /
    • v.6 no.1
    • /
    • pp.111-117
    • /
    • 2001
  • The temperature dependence of dielectric constant and electrical conductivity for the BBPS glasses system was studied over a temperature range between $30^{\circ}C$ and $500^{\circ}C$ and at a frequency ranged from $10^3$ Hz to $10^7$ Hz. The dielectric constant ${\varepsilon}$ at room temperature of $xB_2O_3-yBi_2O_3-zPbO-5SiO_2 $ glasses was measured to be 15 at $10^5$ Hz for all samples and found to be almost frequency independent. At the relatively low temperature ranger (<$70^{\circ}C$), the dielectric constant was almost temperature independent and above that it increased with increasing temperature: the rate of increase being different at different frequencies. This behavior could be explained on the basis of the presence of molecular dipoles. The dielectric constant was found to depend on the composition as well as the crystalline phases formed in the glass matrix.

  • PDF

Effects of Exercise on Rat Skeletal Muscle Perfused with Glucose (포도당으로 Perfusion한 쥐의 다리근육에 운동(運勳)이 미치는 영향)

  • Cho, Sung-Hee;Yoon, Jae-Man
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
    • /
    • v.13 no.4
    • /
    • pp.437-443
    • /
    • 1984
  • Muscular exercise induced by electrical stimulation of femoral nerves in perfused rat hindquarters(5 contractions per sec) in the presence of insulin and glucose effected a rapid increase(c. a. two-fold) in the level of citric acid cycle intermediates. The highest values were found within one minute of stimulation. The tissue concent ratios of lactate, pyruvate and alanine increased rapidly on initiation of exercese. Release of lactate also increased rapidly, whereas that of pyruvate was only moderately elevated. In the course of three minute exercese, the sum of alanine, glutamate and aspartate was only transiently elevated. A fall in creatine-p and ATP in the stimulated muscle was accompanied by increases in tissue level of AMP and release of ammonia into perfusing medium. However, the changes in glutamine were small. It is concluded that the pool of citric acid cycle intermediates is expanded during muscular work due (a) to an elevated level of pyruvate, leading to shifts in the levels of alanine and cycle intermediates vie trans-amination reactions and (b) to stimulation of the purine nucleotide cycle due to elevated AMP, resulting in generation of cycle intermediates and ammonia at the expense of aspartate.

  • PDF

Intercostal Neuralgia and Spinal Cord Compression Symptom due to Spinal Tumor -A Case Report- (척추 종양에 의한 늑간 신경통 및 척수 압박 증상 -증례 보고-)

  • Lee, Hyo-Keun;Shin, Dong-Yeop;Lee, Hee-Jeon;Kim, Chan
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
    • /
    • v.7 no.2
    • /
    • pp.287-291
    • /
    • 1994
  • A 49 years old male patient was admitted to our neuro-pain clinic with symptoms of left 11th intercostal neuralgic pain and low back pain that developed 2 months prior to admission. Upon initial physical examination, motor weakness or sensory deficit were absent. Intercostal neuralgic pain improved significantly after we performed thoracic root thermocoagulation. However on the afternoon of the procedure the patient started to experience voiding difficulty, saddle anesthesia and rapidly progressing motor weakness and hypoesthesia that involved the lower back area and the lower extremities for three days. Based on these symptoms spinal cord compression was suspected and subsequently plain T-L spine X-rays and T-L spine MRI were performed. A spinal tumor that appeared metastatic in origin was seen at the T11 and T12 level. Liver ultrasonography demonstrated the presence of a $4{\times}4cm$ sized ill defined mass in the posterior segment of the right lobe. The patient was diagnosed to have hepatocellular carcinoma after needle aspiration biopsy and cytologic studies. Further orthopedic surgery was recommended but as the patient rejected any further treatment and examination, it was not possible to confirm the primary focus of the tumor. However as metastasis of a primary liver tumor to the spine is a rare occurrence, some other primary focus of metastasis or even a malignant primary tumor of the spine is more likely to explain this patient's condition.

  • PDF