• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2021

One year has passed since the pandemic of COVID-19, which occurred in Wuhan, China, in November 2019 began. Worldwide, as of January 2021, more than 95 million people have been infected, and the death toll is higher than 2 million. In Korea, there are 74,262 infected and 1,328 dead, and government policies such as social distancing to prevent infection are being implemented. Accordingly, many inconveniences occurred in the physical activity environment, such as the closure of various sports facilities. It was necessary to consider physical activities to maintain healthy life while cooperating with the national policy while preventing infection. This study investigated the benefits of physical activity to reduce the risk of trichomoniasis and diabetes, improve bone mineral density, prolong healthy lifespan, maintain activity performance with aging, and improve psychological anxiety and depression. In addition, the physiological changes that may occur in the situation of stopping exercise due to social distancing to prevent COVID-19 infection were reviewed. In addition, moderate-intensity exercise that helps strengthen immune function by activating natural killer cells, neutrophils, and antibody responses was investigated. In addition, it reduces the level and function of blood B-cells, T-cells, and natural killer cells for several hours, decreases phagocytosis of neutrophils in the nasal cavity, increases inflammatory cytokines, decreases immune function, and increases infection. High-intensity exercise was considered. Therefore, in the age of COVID-19, long-term high-intensity exercise such as marathon, which causes impaired immune function, should be refrained from. And you should do moderate-intensity regular aerobic exercise such as fast walking to help prevent infection. It is also recommended to participate in resistance exercises to prevent loss of muscle mass.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.289-296
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to changes in respiratory function due to differences in mask blocking grade, and effects on cardiovascular function during aerobic exercise. Design: Comparative study using paired t-test and analysis of variance measures. Methods: Male and female subjects were randomly divided into 4 groups according to mask blocking grade and measured respiratory functions before and after wearing the mask using spirometers, and their cardiovascular capabilities were measured using pulse oxygen meters and blood pressure meters before and after running for 10 minutes wearing mask. Used paired t-test, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-test to compare the differences according to the mask blocking grade. Results: The experimental results verified that three groups except for the Non-mask group had a significant reduction in all values of FVC, FEV1, MVV, and PEF after wearing a mask compared to those before wearing a mask(p<0.05). Also a significant difference in cardiovascular functions was also observed after aerobic exercises wearing mask in all groups and there was a significant difference between all four groups(p<0.05). Conclusions: Lung patients with poor breathing, elderly and children with poor lung function, and professional groups who need to wear masks and take high-intensity work or aerobic movements are encouraged to take frequent breaks in advance, wear masks and social distancing at moderate and low levels.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.805-814
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• 2021

Push-ups are one of the body exercises that can be easily measured anytime, anywhere. As one of the most widely used techniques as a test tool for evaluating physical strength, they are broadly used in various fields, especially in fields that require physical ability to estimate, such as military, police, and firefighters. However, social distancing is currently being implemented, and the issue of fairness has been steadily raised due to subtle differences between measurement. Accordingly, in this paper, the correct posture for each individual was photographed and learned by a high-performance computer, and the result was derived by comparing it with the case of performing the incorrect posture of the individual. If method is introduced into the physical fitness evaluation through the proposed method, the individual takes the correct posture and learns the photographed photo, and measures the posture with several images taken during a given time. Through this, it is possible to measure more objectively because it measures with the merit that can be measured even in the present situation and with one's correct posture.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to describe a non-face-to-face dementia prevention and physical activity program in small rural villages during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study used a case report provided by a primary healthcare post in Gyeonggi-do in 2020. Results: The program was "From head to toe, stay healthy", which was largely divided into dementia prevention ("Dementia Zero Zone") and physical activity ("The less fat, The healthier body"). Five elderly people aged 75 and over participated for preventing dementia, and 13 residents joined the health promoting programs over 80 times in total. This program was designed one-to-one customized and person-centered program, including counseling, education, and health services. The program participants responded that the amount of physical activities was increased even under strict social distancing and they felt less isolated and less depressed. Moreover, the number of screening for dementia was increased with this program. Conclusion: This case has shown the applicability of a new approach to sustain health promotion programs in the context of limited interaction with rural nurses. Under the challenging environment that requires adaptation to information and communication technologies (ICTs), it will be necessary to solve not only technical problems but also digital literacy issues of rural residents.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.221-229
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• 2021

Objectives: The Indonesian government issued large-scale social restrictions (called Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar, or PSBB) at the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to control the spread of COVID-19 in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (Greater Jakarta). Public compliance poses a challenge when implementing large-scale social restrictions, and various factors have contributed to public non-compliance with the regulation. This study aimed to determine the degree of non-compliance and identify the factors that contributed to public non-compliance with the PSBB in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: This was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 839 residents of Greater Jakarta participated in this study. Data were collected online using a Google Form, and convenience sampling was undertaken. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore the relationships between public non-compliance with the PSBB regulation and socio-demographic variables, respondents' opinion of the PSBB, and social capital. Results: A total of 22.6% of subjects reported participating in activities that did not comply with the PSBB. The variables that most affected non-compliance with the PSBB were age, gender, income, opinion of the PSBB, and social capital. Conclusions: Strengthening social capital and providing information about COVID-19 prevention measures, such as washing one's hands with soap, wearing masks properly, and maintaining social distancing, is essential. Robust public understanding will foster trust and cooperation with regard to COVID-19 prevention efforts and provide a basis for mutual agreement regarding rules/penalties.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.230-237
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• 2021

Objectives: This study explored changes in individuals' behavior in response to social distancing (SD) levels and the "no gatherings of more than 5 people" (NGM5) rule in Korea during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Using survey data from the COVID-19 Behavior Tracker, exploratory factor analysis extracted 3 preventive factors: maintenance of personal hygiene, avoiding going out, and avoiding meeting people. Each factor was used as a dependent variable. The chisquare test was used to compare differences in distributions between categorical variables, while binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with high compliance with measures to prevent transmission. Results: In men, all 3 factors were significantly associated with lower compliance. Younger age groups were associated with lower compliance with maintenance of personal hygiene and avoiding meeting people. Employment status was significantly associated with avoiding going out and avoiding meeting people. Residence in the capital area was significantly associated with higher compliance with personal hygiene and avoiding venturing out. Increasing SD levels were associated with personal hygiene, avoiding going out, and avoiding meeting people. The NGM5 policy was not significantly associated with compliance. Conclusions: SD levels, gender, age, employment status, and region had explanatory power for compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Strengthening social campaigns to inspire voluntary compliance with NPIs, especially focused on men, younger people, full-time workers, and residents of the capital area is recommended. Simultaneously, efforts need to be made to segment SD measures into substrategies with detailed guidance at each level.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.34
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• pp.201-236
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• 2014

Juan $Mars{\acute{e}}$ was born in 1933 in Barcelona. Being the son of a City cleaner, he was able to watch, from a very early age, all the films he desired, as many times as he wished. This privilege meant a great help in future years, when having to develop the plots and characters of his works. In his last (latest) novel, Caligrafía de los $sue{\tilde{n}}os$, published in 2011, as he has done in his previous works he uses a cinematographic frame again. The explicit references to Hollywood's Golden Age -such as John Ford's Stagecoach and Cecil B. DeMiller's The Plainsman- bring very specific and vivid images to the reader's mind, leading to clear physical and psychological associations. The aim is achieved: the reader's attention is caught immediately. However, characters, plot and cinematographic structures are actually distracting mirages. They make the reader expect a predictable ending which, in fact, will be very different. Therefore, the surprised reader must step back, in order to approach the main topics of the novel from a certain distance. Doing so, he's following the Theory of the Distancing Effect. He becomes aware of the need of a new perspective on social problems that he had considered as familiar justo a few moments before. Thus, he is getting prepared for a more objective interpretation, such as the futility of war and the ideological differences that led to the (Spanich) Civil War and all its devastationg effects.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2022

Despite current regulations requiring social distancing due to coronavirus disease 2019, problem-based learning (PBL) requires student interaction to achieve common goals and enhance critical thinking and deep learning abilities. Social presence in the online education environment reduces both perceptions of physical distance and psychological distance in interactions. This study aimed to compare PBL activities between in-person and videoconferencing classes, and to investigate social presence and learning satisfaction in a videoconferencing PBL environment. The PBL consisted of six modules for both the first and second years of Chonnam National University Medical School. As social distancing was strengthened, the second class of the fifth module in both years was converted to an online format and the fifth module was excluded. The first four PBL modules were conducted as in-person classes, but the last PBL module was administered via videoconferencing. After the final PBL module, 100 (81.3%) first-year medical students and 90 (79.6%) second-year students were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire on social presence and learning satisfaction. There were no significant differences in the small group activities of tutorial sessions between in-person and videoconferencing classes. In the online videoconferencing class, students who had favorable attitudes toward the tutors' social role and interactions with peers showed high satisfaction with their learning. In conclusion, online videoconferencing allows students to simultaneously perceive their interactions with others and social presence, even at a distance. Tutors can enhance a sense of online community and collaborative learning as facilitators of online PBL.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2023

This paper reviews the global effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents in South Korea, the U.S., Japan, and China. We reviewed research on deteriorated mental health, including increased suicide, suicidal thoughts, and self-harm. Various studies have shown that students' mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety, have worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the number of students who committed suicide has significantly increased in the U.S. and Japan. Factors such as prior mental health status, change in daily routine, reduced physical activity, excessive screen time, overuse of electronic devices, and reduced social support have been reported to have a significant effect. The chain of deteriorating mental health among the youth began at the onset of COVID-19, social distancing, and school closure. As youths began to stay at home instead of going to school, they lost opportunities to connect with their friends or teachers, who could provide support outside of their homes. Young people spent less time on physical activity and more time online, which damaged their sleeping schedule and daily routine. In preparing for the post-pandemic phase, we should thoroughly analyze the long-term effects of the pandemic on youth mental health, while simultaneously tackling current imminent issues.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.81-88
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to provide academic basic data by identifying the effects of active seniors' online video physical activity on physical self-perception and successful aging. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, 10 active seniors in D city were selected, and after receiving consent to participate in online video physical activity, it was divided into pre and post, and from March 14 to April 22, 2022, Kakao Talk group chat was opened to watch online physical activity videos during the 12th session, download 2 videos a week, and exercise from Monday to Friday. To solve the research problem, frequency analysis and paired t-test were conducted using the SPSS Ver20.0 statistical program. As a result, first, as a result of analyzing the pre- and post-tests of physical self-perception through physical activity of active seniors, all of face satisfaction, body satisfaction, change in physical strength, and change in disease increased on average. Second, as a result of pre- and post-analysis of active seniors' successful aging through physical activity, acceptance of others, orientation toward self-fulfillment, self-acceptance, and satisfaction with children increased, but autonomous life and active participation in life decreased. Through these results, in the COVID-19 period, when activities were restricted due to social distancing, active seniors' online video physical activity has a positive effect on physical self-perception and successful aging, and various programs that can be active on their own should be developed in the future.