• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.205-208
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• 1987

This study was conducted to find out the optimum ranges of soil physical properties for red pepper growth by characterizing the relationship of soil physical properties and plant growth. Various environmental factors and soil physico-chemical properties and red pepper growth were investigated at 94 farmers fields in red pepper-growing area. Soil texture of the red pepper fields were mainly coarse loamy covering 72% of surveyed fields. Available soil depth, plowing layer and root zone were deeper, but bulk density and hardness of soils were lower in the area where red pepper grew well. The optimum ranges of soil three phases were identified as the solid phase below 50%, liquid phase above 10% and sir phase above 20%. The various soil physical properties were closely related with plant growth of red pepper which were highly influenced in order of available depth>bulk density>plowing layer>hardness>slope.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum soil environmental conditions of ten contents on production of high quality fruit in 'Hongro' apple. The soil and fruit characteristics were analyzed at total 60 orchards in major apple producing areas such as Chungju, Moonkyeung, Yeongju, Andong, Yeosan and Yeongcheon (10 orchards an area). The soil environmental factors affected fruit weight were the highest relative contribution in saturated hydraulic conductivity of 33.3%. The cation was 24.6%, the bulk density, soil texture and solid phase were also high as relative contribution. The fruit weight was influenced by soil physical properties more than soil chemical properties. The soil environmental factors affected sugar content were highest soil texture of 21.9%, and the CEC and bulk density were low as relative contribution. The fruit coloring was the highest relative contribution in phosphate of 55.9%. While saturated hydraulic conductivity and organic matter content were low. The coloring was influenced by soil chemical properties more than soil physical properties. Fruit coloring was high influenced over 70% by soil physical properties. Finally, relative contribution on fruit quality related with sugar content, fruit weight, and coloring were high influenced by cultivation layer depth of 25.8%, soil texture 22.2%, and soil pH of 21.0% but bulk density and solid phase were low relative contribution. The fruit growth and soil chemical properties in 'Hongro' apple were very closely related. Therefore, orchard soil management to produce high quality fruit was very importance drainage management and organic matter application. We concluded that scientific soil management is possible by quanlifiable of soil management factors.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.224-229
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• 2006

Utilization of organic by-product fertilizers has many beneficial effects on agricultural activities and in aspects of the disposal of enormous amounts of livestock manure. Most of these beneficial effects are related to the improvement of soil condition, such as fertility status and physicochemical quality of soil. But, appropriate indexes are needed to effectively manage the quality of organic by-product fertilizers amended on soil. To find chemical and physical standard to control the compost quality, the changes in chemical and physical characteristics of organic by-product fertilizers during composting were investigated, and also an appropriate physical method for this end. The results showed chemical properties, such as humic acid content, OM/N ratio, cation exchange capacity and salt content, had significant relationships during the composting. The water content, particle and bulk densities, particle size and color indices, as physical properties, were also applicable factors for the quality control of compost.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 2004

Organic and inorganic substrates commonly used in Korea include peat moss, coir, bark, rice hull, saw dust, perlite, vermiculite, rockwool granulate, clay ball, and so on. The objective of this study was to get analytical results about the physical and chemical properties of these substrates by European standard methods. Organic substrates showed different properties depending on the type, origin and manufacturing processes. Inorganic substrates showed different properties depending on the type and particle size. Further study on physical and chemical properties for more raw materials and commercially available growing media analyzed by European standard method and comparison of the results with those by Korean standard method is needed.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the physical and chemical properties of soils in Saemangeum reclaimed lands. The investigated areas were total 5,020 ha which included 220 ha for Agricultural Life site, 2,450 ha for Tourism & Leisure site, 1,130 ha for Industrial & Research site, 820 ha for Bioenergy crop production site, and 400 ha for Rural City site. Soil samples consisting of the upper 20 cm from the surface were collected in every $200m{\times}500m$ of the each site in March and September, 2015. Particle size distribution of soils in the reclaimed land was 83.2% sand, 8.6% silt and 8.2% clay in average. Soil texture was distributed as 40.8% sandy soil, 35.5% loamy sand, and 19.7% sandy loam. Based on the investigation of soil chemical properties conducted in March, 2015, soil pH, electrical conductivity of a saturated soil paste extract (ECe), and exchangeable (Exch.) $K^+$ and $Mg^{2+}$ concentrations were higher than those of the optimum levels for upland soil, whereas soil organic matter content, available (Avail.) phosphate concentration, and Exch. $Ca^{2+}$ concentration were lower than those of the optimum ranges. Depending on the results of the soil chemical properties measured in September, 2015, soil pH, ECe, and Exch. $K^+$ concentration were higher than those of the optimum levels, but soil organic matter, Avail. phosphate, and Exch. $Ca^{2+}$ concentration were lower than the optimum ranges. In addition, distribution of sodic soil ranged between 41.4% and 50.0%, and saline soils were from 16.4 to 31.8%. Soils with pH values above 7.0 increased from 15.3% in March to 35.2% in September. Soils with ECe values over $4.8dS\;m^{-1}$ increased from 45.6% to 50.7%, whereas soils with the values below $2.0dS\;m^{-1}$ decreased from 42.8% to 36.9%.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.355-362
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• 2014

Changes of soil properties due to sedimentation and erosion in the river estuary may lead changes in environmental factors that affect plant growth and distribution, Then habitats in the river estuary that provide various ecological functions can also be influenced. Topsoil samples were analyzed in order to understand the soil properties of important barrier islands and habitat types in the Nakdong river estuary. The samples were obtained from Phragmites communis and Scirpus planiculmis habitats, the tidal flats in the southern area of Eulsukdo, and in Mangeummerydeung, Baekhapdeung, and Doyodeung. Analyses results showed that bulk density, pH, organic matter content and total nitrogen concentration which were directly or indirectly affected by vegetation showed significant difference (p<0.05) with habitat types but no differences in water content and oxidation reduction potential which could be affected by soil texture and showed significant difference among barrier islands. Results suggested that soil properties on barrier islands in the Nakdong river estuary were influenced first by geomorphic changes due to sedimentation and erosion, and then by the presence or type of vegetation. A range of physical and chemical properties were analyzed; soil water content and bulk density (physical properties), and organic content and pH (chemical properties) were correlated with seven other soil properties, at a level of significance higher than 90%. These aspects played an important role in determining overall soil properties in the studied area.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.53-67
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• 2008

The principle goal of environmentally-friendly agriculture is to maintain and conserve water and agriculture environment including drinking water resources by properly using agricultural materials such as agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizers, and other agricultural materials according to act 19 of foster law of environmentally-friendly agriculture. To achieve these goals, we have to establish Integrated Nutrient Management(INM) and Integrated Pesticide Management(IPM) which are most important core technologies for environmentally-friendly rice cultivation. However, there are lack of criteria and technology for evaluation category according to soil management and its soil classes to practice an environmentally-friendly agriculture. Therefore, we should eatablish the standards to produce the safe agricultural products based on the soil physical and chemical characteristics which are basic properties of soil to accomplish the principle aims of environmentally-friendly agriculture.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.537-540
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• 2004

Recently, for industrial development period, concrete structures in domestics have been increased. They were deteriorated by attack of carbonation, freeze-thaw and corrosion etc. In hence they were demolished and reconstructed, resulted in waste concrete particles. In this paper, waste concrete particles (WCP) by product from different crushing and selecting process were used in soil cement-based pavement in the various recycling. For using WCP in soil cement-based pavement, the Qualities, physical and chemical properties, of WCP should be researched. In the first step, the specified compressive strength of mortar for two types of clay sand soil and clay soil respectively was experimented to be 15 Mpa and then optimum mixing ratio of chemical solidification agent were decided in the range of $1.5\~3.0\%$ in the replacement with cement weight content. In the second step, based on the prior experimental results, recycling possibility of WCP in soil cement-based pavement was studied. In the result of experiment the mixing ratio of WCP were 5, 10, 15 and $20\%$ in the replacement with soil weight and the compressive strength of mortar was somewhat decreased according to the increase of the mixing ratio of WCP.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.859-865
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• 2011

This study looked into 110 sites of orchard fields to investigate the relationships between the physical and chemical properties of soils, including heavy metal contents, and the topographic characteristics of the fields in Jeonbuk province. The topographic distribution of orchard fields in Jeonbuk province was local valley and fans, hilly and mountains, mountain foot slopes, alluvial plains, diluvium, and fluvio-marine deposits. Forty-six percent (46%) of total orchard fields were located in the hilly and mountains. Soil texture of the local valley and fans was mostly sandy clay loam, and the soil texture of other topographical sites were varied. Bulk density, porosity, and soil hardness were not different among the various topographic sites. The content of plant available water was the highest (19.5%) in the sites of diluvium. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and exchangeable $Mg^{2+}$ content were the highest in the sites of fluvio-marine deposits, whereas the contents of soil organic matter (SOM), available phosphorus, and exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$, $K^+$, and $Na^+$ were not significantly different among the topographic sites. Also, soil pH and SOM content were generally in optimal ranges for the fruit plants in the orchard fields, but other values were mostly higher than those in optimum. In addition, the contents of heavy metals were much lower than the levels of Soil Contamination Warning Standard.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.722-726
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• 2011

The management standard on soil conditions in 'Fuji' apple to produce high quality fruit were not yet made. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the optimum soil environmental conditions of ten contents on production of high quality fruit in 'Fuji' apple. The soil and fruit characteristics were analyzed at total 60 orchards in major apple producing areas such as Chungju, Moonkyeung, yeongju, andong, yeosan and yeongcheon (10 orchards an area). The soil environmental factors affected fruit weight was highest relative contribution in saturated hydraulic conductivity of 36.5%. The bulk density and soil pH were low as relative contribution. The fruit weight was influenced by soil physical properties more than soil chemical properties. The soil environmental factors affected sugar content were hydraulic conductivity of 28.3% and organic matter content of 18.2%. The cultivation layer depth and soil pH were low as relative contribution. The fruit coloring was highest relative contribution in saturated hydraulic conductivity 55.9%. while soil pH, cation and soil texture were low. Fruit coloring was high influenced over 70% by soil physical properties. Finally, relative contribution on fruit quality related with sugar content, fruit weight, and coloring were high influenced by saturated hydraulic conductivity of 21.% and organic matter content of 18.7% but bulk density and cultivation layer depth were low relative contribution. The fruit growth and saturated hydraulic conductivity in 'Fuji' apple were very closely related. Therefore, orchard soil management to produce high quality fruit was very importance drainage management and organic matter application. We concluded that scientific soil management is possible by qualifiable of soil management factors.