• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.33-38
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• 2016

Purpose - This study purposes to analyze the impact of regional economic integration and macroeconomic on Indonesian FDI inflows. Research design, data, and methodology - Data were collected from bilateral relation between Indonesia and 21 home countries whose dominant share FDI to Indonesia from 2005 to 2013. Analysis method was conducted by panel gravity modeI to find the impact of regional economic integration and macroeconomic on Indonesian FDI inflows. Results - The empirical results show that GDP of the home country and Indonesia have a positive impact on Indonesia FDI. Distance and home country real interest rate have a negative impact on Indonesia FDI. Economic integration of European Union (EU) and Indonesia's cooperation with Japan in ASEAN-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership (AJCEP) have created impact of investment creation on Indonesia FDI, unfortunately, economic integration of ASEAN has created impact of investment diversion on Indonesian FDI. Conclusions - In order to increase FDI inflow to Indonesia, Indonesia government should improve the physical and social infrastructures to drive the productivity and economic efficiency. It will increase the GDP and also attract more investors. Low interest rate policy should be considered.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.173-181
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• 2015

In this study, material tests were performed on the masonry specimens constructed with bricks and mortar used in Korea. The specimens included two types of thickness(0.5B and 1.0B) and physical conditions (good and poor). It was shown that 1.0B specimens have 3.2~1.8 times larger shear strength than 0.5B specimens and shear strength of specimens in poor condition was 66%~38% of those in good condition. Average shear stress of masonry-infills was calculated from previous experimental studies, and relationships with failure mode, material strength of masonry, aspect ratio, and frame-to-infill strength ratio were investigated. In addition, the effects of masonry strength on the seismic performance of a masonry-infilled frame was studied using a simple example building. It can be seen that the obtained average shear stress were considerably higher than the default masonry shear strength recommended by the ASCE 41, and low values the strength of masonry does not guarantee conservative evaluation results due to the early shear failure of frame members.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1084-1088
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• 1995

A complete solid solution (SrLaAl1-xNixO4) between insulating SrLaAlO4 and metallic SrLaNi(Ⅲ)O4 oxides were prepared under high oxygen pressure (1.5 kbar, 800 ℃). They have tetragonal K2NiF4-type structure in all the solid solution range. Compared with lattice parameters of the same solid solution prepared under normal condition (1 bar, 1200 ℃), large decrease in the c-parameter was induced by high pressure treatment while no noticeable variation of the a-parameter was observed. Although marked changes of structural parameters, magnetic susceptibilities, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra were consistently occurred before and after x=0.5, overall behaviors were essentially the same with those of solid solution prepared under normal condition. Such a phenomenon is explained by assuming the formation of partially filled narrow σ*x2-y2 band for x>0.5. Lattice contraction along the c-axis by high pressure treatment seems not to broaden this band. Particularly, the continuous absorption characteristic of a high free carrier concentration for x>0.5 and the absence of Ni-O in-plane stretching mode in the infrared absorption spectra supports this picture. However, the conductivities increasing with temperature for all solid solution suggest that some localization character, of probably Anderson type, remains for x>0.5.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.337-346
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• 2005

The paper reports on a study of bond strength between reduced-water-content concrete and tensile reinforcement in spliced mode. Three different diameters (12, 16 and 22 mm) of tensile steel were spliced in the constant moment zone, where there were two bars of same size in tension. For each diameter of reinforcement, a total of nine beams ($1900{\times}270{\times}180mm$) were tested, of which three beams were with no axial force (positive bending) and the other six beams were with axial force (combined bending). The splice length was selected so that bars would fail in bond, splitting the concrete cover in the splice region, before reaching the yield point. It was found that there was a considerable size effect in the experimental results, i.e., as the diameter of the reinforcement reduced the bond strength and the deflection recorded at the midspan increased significantly, whilst the stiffness of the beams reduced. It was also found for all reinforcement sizes that higher bond strength and stiffness were obtained for beams tested in combined bending than that of the beams tested in positive bending only.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.347-373
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• 2014

Since its development in the early 1980's the force balance technique has become a standard method in the efficient determination of structural loads and responses. Its usefulness lies in the simplicity of the physical model, the relatively short records required from the wind tunnel testing and its versatility in the use of the data for different sets of dynamic properties. Its major advantage has been the ability to provide results in a timely manner, assisting the structural engineer to fine-tune their building at an early stage of the structural development. The analysis of the wind tunnel data has evolved from the simple un-coupled system to sophisticated methods that include the correction for non-linear mode shapes, the handling of complex geometry and the handling of simultaneous measurements on multiple force balances for a building group. This paper will review some of the components in the force balance data analysis both in historical perspective and in its current advancement. The basic formulation of the force balance methodology in both frequency and time domains will be presented. This includes all coupling effects and allows the determination of the resultant quantities such as resultant accelerations, as well as various load effects that generally were not considered in earlier force balance analyses. Using a building model test carried out in the wind tunnel as an example case study, the effects of various simplifications and omissions are discussed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.1008-1012
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• 2020

In order to make reasonable design for the improvement of comprehensive mechanical properties of RAFM steels, the design system with both machine learning and high-throughput optimization algorithm was established. As the basis of the design system, a dataset of RAFM steels was compiled from previous literatures. Then, feature engineering guided random forests regressors were trained by the dataset and NSGA II algorithm were used for the selection of the optimal solutions from the large-scale solution set with nine composition features and two treatment processing features. The selected optimal solutions by this design system showed prospective mechanical properties, which was also consistent with the physical metallurgy theory. This efficiency design mode could give the enlightenment for the design of other metal structural materials with the requirement of multi-properties.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.307-322
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• 2021

This study developed an analytical methodology for the mechanical integrity of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) cladding tubes under external pinch loads during transportation, with reference to the failure mode specified in the relevant guidelines. Special consideration was given to the degraded characteristics of SNF during dry storage, including oxide and hydride contents and orientations. The developed framework reflected a composite cladding model of elastic and plastic analysis approaches and correlation equations related to the mechanical parameters. The established models were employed for modeling the finite elements by coding their physical behaviors. A mechanical integrity evaluation of 14 × 14 PWR SNF was performed using this system. To ensure that the damage criteria met the applicable legal requirements, stress-strain analysis results were separated into elastic and plastic regions with the concept of strain energy, considering both normal and hypothetical accident conditions. Probabilistic procedures using Monte Carlo simulations and reliability evaluations were included. The evaluation results showed no probability of damage under the normal conditions, whereas there were small but considerably low probabilities under accident conditions. These results indicate that the proposed approach is a reliable predictor of SNF mechanical integrity.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.585-595
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• 2021

Even though most of aquatic animal pathogens are considered opportunistic and many pose a low direct risk to personnel, all personnel working with aquatic pathogens and facilities using these organisms must comply with the regulation to prevent the release of the pathogen into the environment and causing disease in aquatic animals. First of all, in order to establish a biosafety system for aquatic pathogen, the list of microorganisms that can infect aquatic animals and humans should be drawn up according to the microorganisms encountered within national boundaries. Second, risk assessment guideline for diseases of livestock and aquatic environment is desperately needed. Third, microorganisms should be classified into risk group based on their potential impact on human and aquatic environment. Fourth, facilities handling aquatic pathogens should ensure that these pathogens are securely contained and safely handled for experimental or commercial development purposes. In conclusion, classification is based on the pathogenicity, mode of transmission and host range of the aquatic microorganisms, availability of effective preventative measures and treatments. Furthermore, risk group of aquatic pathogens should be correlated with physical containment facility requirements according to domestic characteristics.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.436-446
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relaying network. In this network, the channels between UAVs and ground transceivers are model-free. A UAV acting as a flying relay explores better channels to assist in efficient data delivery between two ground nodes. The full-duplex relaying mode is applied for potential energy efficiency (EE) improvements. With the genetic algorithm, we manage to optimize the UAV trajectory for any arbitrary radio map scenario. Numerical results demonstrate that compared to other schemes (eg, fixed trajectory/speed policies), the proposed algorithm performs better in terms of EE. Additionally, the impact of self-interference on average EE is also investigated.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.261-275
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• 2019

The main objective of this paper is to study the axial buckling and post-buckling of geometrically imperfect single-layer graphene sheets (GSs) under in-plane loading in the theoretical framework of the nonlocal strain gradient theory. To begin with, a graphene sheet is modeled by a two-dimensional plate subjected to simply supported ends, and supposed to have a small initial curvature. Then according to the Hamilton's principle, the nonlinear governing equations are derived with the aid of the classical plate theory and the von-karman nonlinearity theory. Subsequently, for providing a more accurate physical assessment with respect to the influence of respective parameters on the mechanical performances, the approximate analytical solutions are acquired via using a two-step perturbation method. Finally, the authors perform a detailed parametric study based on the solutions, including geometric imperfection, nonlocal parameters, strain gradient parameters and wave mode numbers, and then reaching a significant conclusion that both the size-dependent effect and a geometrical imperfection can't be ignored in analyzing GSs.