• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.183-193
• /
• 1997

농촌 지역 주민들의 건강 수준을 향상시킬 수 있는 실천 방안을 제시하는데 필요한 기본적인 자료를 얻은 목적으로 경상남도 울주군내에 거주하는 농민으로서 연령이 40세 이상인 사람들 824명(남성 318명, 여성 506명)을 대상으로 건강관련 생활양식의 실태를 조사하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 수면시간이 하루 7-8시간이 사람의 비율이 남성에서 44.4%, 여성에서 45.0%였고 아침식사를 거의 매일 하는 사람의 비율은 남성에서 92.7%, 여성에서 89.9%였으며 간식을 거의 하지 않거나 가끔씩하는 사람의 비율은 남성에서 82.7%, 여성에 83.8%였다. 음주를 하지않는 사람의 비율이 남성에서 40.6%, 여성에서 88.1%였고 흡연을 하지않는 사람의 비율은 남성에서 37.4%, 여성에서 86.6%였다. 규칙적인 운동을 하고 있는 사람의 비율이 남성에서 4.7%, 여성에서 5.6%였으며 체중이 정상인 사람의 비율이 남성에서 89.0%, 여성에서 80.0%였다. 이상과 같은 건강 행위를 여섯가지 이상 실천하고 있는 사람의 비율이 남성에서 3.9%, 여성에서 23.2%였다. 도시 주민들과 비교하여 건강 행위를 여섯가지 이상 실천하는 사람의 비율이 남성과 여성 모두에서 더 낮았으며 또한 자신의 건강 수준이 양호한 것으로 인식하고 있는 사람의 비율도 더 낮았다. 그러므로 농촌 주민들에 있어서 바람직한 건강 행위의 실천을 통한 건강 수준의 향상을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.89-112
• /
• 2000

Although dental laboratory technicians are prone to be exposed to various work-related health hazardous materials such as dusts, chemicals, etc., the prevalence and nature of work-related health problems of them have not been a matter of great concern in the field of occupational health service in Korea. The purpose of the present investigation was to describe a collected profile of subjective health symptoms and their attributable factors in Korean dental laboratory technicians. A questionnaire listing five groups of health symptoms and five health symptom-related factors was mailed to randomly selected 1,900 dental laboratory technicians. Among them, 1,344 dental laboratory technicians filled out the questionnaires and returnde them. Five groups of health symptoms included musculoskeletal symptom, dermal symptoms, respiratory symptoms, eys symptoms, and ear symptoms. Five health symptom-related factors were occupational environment-related health risk factors, work history, health related habits and status, use of personal protective equipment and general characteristics. Detailed parameters of health risk factors were work posture, vibration, and chemical or physical hazards such as dust, fume, vapor, solvent, light, and noise for occupational environment-related factors; work place, area, number of employees, work hours, career, work part, and work load for work history; Broca's index, hours of sleep, eating, smoking, alcohol, exercise, health examination, and self assessed health status for health habits and status; face masks, goggles, and so on for use of personal protective equipment, and; age, sex, marital status, and education for general characteristics. Before the start of main survey, a pilot survey was carried out for validity and reliability tests of the questionnaire. All the data obtained were coded and analyzed with PC/SAS 6.12 program. The prevalence of health symptoms was the highest in musculoskelton (87.3%), and followde by eyes (78.9%), respiratory organs (64.3%), ears (57.8%), and skin (52.2%) in descending order. Statistically significant risk factors by multiple logistic regression analyses were sex, health examination, self assessed health status, and hand/finger posture in musculoskeletal symptoms; sex, self assessed health status, career, acid gas, and hand contact with resin mixture in deraml symptoms; Broka's smoking, exercise, self assessed health status, and face mask in respiratory symptoms; sex, hours of sleep, self assessed health status, work hours, work load, plaster dust, inadequate lighting, and goggle in eys symptoms, and eating, smoking, self assessed health status, and work load in ear symptoms. With the above considerations in mind, prevalence of subjective symptoms among Korean dental laboratory technicians was relatively high, and they were attributable to most of the occupational environment-related factors, work history, use of personal protective equipment, health habits and status, and general characteristics. Particularly, it is suggested that health promotion programs for promoting self- assessed health status and smoking cessation, preventive measures for protection of the female technicians’health, and reducing work load be necessary, since those factors were associated with more than one subjective symptom.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.67-80
• /
• 1982

In order to evaluate the psychosomatic health status of metal manufacturing industries workers and their working environments, the present study was conducted from March 1, 1981 to the end of September 1981. The data was obtained from the samples of metal manufacturing industries in Kyung-In Area and their 1, 162 employees. In addition, the 803 urban residents including students, office clerks, and general publics were sampled as control groups to compare with factory employees in psychosomatic analysis. The basic tool employed in the present study was the Todai Health Index (THI) which modified CMI and was developed by Tokyo University Research Team of Japan. The results of the present study were summarized as follows: 1. Working environments of the factories 1) The data shows that fabrication shop produced the highest noise level ranging from 91 to 96 dB (A) and iron and steel shop had the lowest noise level ranging from 81 to 86 dB (A). 2) Dust concentration was the highest in iron foundry shop ($3.8 mg/m^3$) and the lowest in fabrication shop ($1.2 mg/m^3$). 3) WBGT above threshold limit values (T.L.V.) was noted in steel shop (38$\circ$C) and iron foundry shop (34$\circ$C) 4) The concentration of Sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$)was 30.5ppm at steel shop and 12.0ppm at iron foundry shop. 5) The concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) was 140.0ppm at steel shop and 110.5ppm at iron foundry shop. 6) The atmospheric lead concentration was $0.49 mg/m^3$ at soldering shop. 2. The responses of psychosomatic complaints were much higher in steel shops group than in other manu-facturing group, except the response of aggressiveness. 3. The responses of psychosomatic complaints were much higher in industrial workers than in urban residents, except the responses of depression and aggressiveness (p < 0.01 ). 4. The psychosomatic symptoms which industrial workers and urban residents complained frequently were nervousness. agressiveness and lie scale in order. 5. The responses of psychosomatic complaints by sex were much higher in female group than in male group, except the response of aggressiveness. 6. The responses of psychosomatic complaints by age were that both the female and male group showed an increasing tendency in the all items, except the response of depression as age was increasing. 7. The responses of psychosomatic complaints by the length of services were that both the female and male group showed a tendency of increasing in physical symptoms as work years increased. 8. The responses of psychosomatic complaints were higher in unmarried group in the score of nervousness, aggressiveness, mental irritability and irregular life.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.474-485
• /
• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 전라남도 완도군 고금도 지역 지하수의 수리지구화학과 수소-산소동위원소를 파악하여 해수침투경로와 오염여부를 규명하는데 있다. 연구지역 지하수의 물리적인 특성은 중성과 전이환경에 속하며, 해수와 지표수의 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났다. 화학적인 특성에서도 해수의 침투, 육상의 오 ${\cdot}$ 폐수 및 농약이나 폐기물에 의해 오염이 진행되고 있다. 특히 지하수 중 여섯 지역에서 Cl은 먹는 샘물 기준치를 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 파이퍼도에서 GG-4와 14지역은 해수의 침투로 오염되었으며, 수질유형을 구분하여 보면 GG-3, 7 및 13지역은 Na와 HCO$_{3}$가 지배적이고, GG-14지역은 해수와 같이 Na와 Cl이 지배적으로 나타났다. 수리지구화학적인 모델링 분석결과 해수의 방해석과 백운석 포화지수는 과포화상태이며, GG-3, 14 및 18지역에서 포화영역에 접근하고 있다. 수소-산소동위원소비에서 본 역 지하수의 기원은 순환수이며, GG-1, 5 및 14지역의 높은 산소동위원소는 지표수의 유입과 해수 침투에 의한 것이다. 본 연구결과 GG-14지역의 지하수는 해수의 침투에 의해 오염되어 있으며, GG-3, 7 및 13지역을 제외한 지하수들은 해수의 침투 및 인위적인 오염원에 의해 오염이 진행되고 있다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.247-255
• /
• 2018

Soil stabilization can make the soils becoming more stable by using an admixture to the soil. Lime stabilization enhances the engineering properties of soil, which includes reducing soil plasticity, increasing optimum moisture content, decreasing maximum dry density and improving soil compaction. Silica fume is utilized as a pozzolanic material in the application of soil stabilization. Silica fume was once considered non-environmental friendly. In this paper, the materials required are kaolin grade S300, lime and silica fume. The focus of the study is on the determination of the physical properties of the soils tested and the consolidation of kaolin mixed with 6% silica fume and different percentages (3%, 5%, 7% and 9%) of lime. Consolidation test is carried out on the kaolin and the mixtures of soil-lime-silica fume to investigate the effect of lime stabilization with silica fume additives on the consolidation of the mixtures. Based on the results obtained, all soil samples are indicated as soils with medium plasticity. For mixtures with 0% to 9% of lime with 6% SF, the decrease in the maximum dry density is about 15.9% and the increase in the optimum moisture content is about 23.5%. Decreases in the coefficient of permeability of the mixtures occur if compared to the coefficient of permeability of kaolin soft clay itself reduce the compression index (Cc) more than L-SF soil mix due to pozzolanic reaction between lime and silica fume and the optimum percent of lime-silica fume was found to be (5%+6%) mix. The average coefficient of volume compressibility decreases with increasing the stabilizer content due to pozzolanic reaction happening within the soil which results in changes in the soil matrix. Lime content +6% silica fume mix can reduce the coefficient of consolidation from at 3%L+6%SF, thereafter there is an increase from 9%L+6%SF mix. The optimal percentage of lime silica fume combination is attained at 5.0% lime and 6.0% silica fume in order to improve the shear strength of kaolin soft clay. Microstructural development took place in the stabilized soil due to increase in lime content of tertiary clay stabilized with 7% lime and 4% silica fume together.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제32권5B호
• /
• pp.331-343
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 홍천강과 홍천강 지류인 오안천을 포함한 총 15 km 구간에서의 어류 중심의 현장조사를 수행하고, 조사된 결과를 이용하여 수생태 건강성을 평가하였다. 현장 조사 지점은 각 교량을 중심으로 총 9개 지점에서 8-11월 사이 4회 조사가 이루어졌다. 각 지점별로 조사된 어류 데이터를 이용하여 우점도, 균등도 및 풍부도 등의 생물다양도를 산정하였으며, IBI 및 QHEI를 이용한 수생태 건강성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 홍천강 대상구간 전체에 대한 IBI는 양호-보통 상태를 보이는 것으로 나타났으며, 도심구간에서는 보통-악화 상태를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, QHEI를 이용한 평가 결과, 최적-양호를 보였다. 또한, 멸종위기종인 가는돌고기를 이용하여 서식처적합도지수를 산정하고, PHABSIM 모형을 이용하여 생태유량을 산정하였다. 기존 문헌에서는 홍천강에서 멸종위기종인 묵납자루가 서식하는 것으로 보고되었으나, 최근의 연구 및 본 연구에서는 묵납자루의 서식이 확인되지 않았다. 따라서 기존 연구에서 조사된 결과를 이용하여 묵납자루 서식을 위한 물리적 서식처 범위를 산정하고, 홍천강에서 묵납자루 서식처 개선 방안을 고찰하였다.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.40-52
• /
• 2001

The ratio of the elderly population is rapidly growing due to socio-economic development and better medical services. As the average life-span of the Korean elderly becomes longer, the proportion of the elderly is increasing. Therefore, the elderly need to sustain a high quality of life. However, all these factors, such as sensory loss, decreased endurance, mobility limitation, and a loss of independence, act to diminish the quality of life among the elderly. It is necessary for elders to adapt themselves to aging, to maintain their physical functions and especially, it is important to keep their independence in activity of daily living and self care. Therefore, this study was designed to identify the degree of activity in daily living and exercise of a self-care agency and to investigate the relationship between activity of daily living and self-care agency. Also, this research aimed to contribute to nursing interventions that maintain and promote quality of life of the elderly and to enable themselves to live independently. The subject of this study were 160 elders, over age 65, who were sampled in C city. Data were collected by observation and questionnaires from May,1999 to December, 1999. The measurement tools were Barthel Index(1979), Lawton & Brody(1969) for activity of daily living and Kearney & Fleischer(1979) for self-care agency. Data were analyzed by SAS PC+ package and included descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's alpha. The conclusions of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The mean of ADL and IADL was 96.09 and 16.38, respectively. The score described activity of daily living among the elders in C province as moderate. Particularly, in the items of IADL, the item of medication was the highest score. 2. The mean for exercise of self-care agency was 76.48, a moderate degree. 3. The degree of ADL and IADL according to demographic characteristics was significantly different statistically in pocket money, the presence of disease, perceived health status and in occupation, pocket money, family type, the presence of disease, and perceived health status, respectively. 4. The dagree of selt-care agency according to demographic characteristics was significantly different statistically in gender, education level, economic status, and pocket money. 5. There was a significant positive correlation between activity in daily living and self-care agency. Based on these results, further research is suggested to discover the variables influencing the activity of daily living and self-care agency to develop nursing strategies for improving self-care and activity of daily living among the elderly.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.707-712
• /
• 2014

Purpose: Anastomotic leakage (AL) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, high reoperation rates, and increased hospital length of stay. Here we investigated the risk factors for AL after anterior resection for rectal cancer with a double stapling technique. Patients and Methods: Data for 460 patients who underwent primary anterior resection with a double stapling technique for rectal carcinoma at a single institution from 2003 to 2007 were prospectively collected. All patients experienced a total mesorectal excision (TME) operation. Clinical AL was defined as the presence of leakage signs and confirmed by diagnostic work-up according to ICD-9 codes 997.4, 567.22 (abdominopelvic abscess), and 569.81 (fistula of the intestine). Univariate and logistic regression analyses of 20 variables were undertaken to determine risk factors for AL. Survival was analysed using the Cox regression method. Results: AL was noted in 35 (7.6%) of 460 patients with rectal cancer. :Median age of the patients was 65 (50-74) and 161 (35%) were male. The diagnosis of AL was made between the 6th and 12th postoperative day (POD; mean 8th POD). After univariate and multivariate analysis, age (p=0.004), gender (p=0.007), tumor site (p<0.001), preoperative body mass index (EMI) (p<0.001), the reduction of TSGF on 5th POD less than 10U/ml (p=0.044) and the pH value of pelvic dranage less than or equal to 6.978 on 3rd POD (p<0.001) were selected as 6 independent risk factors for AL. It was shown that significant differences in survival of the patients were AL-related (p<0.001), high ASA score related (p=0.036), high-level EMI related (p=0.007) and advanced TNM stage related

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.2731-2737
• /
• 2013

Background: This study evaluated the validity and reliability of applying the Katz's Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale in an Iranian sample of elderly oncologic patients following initial cancer treatment. Materials and Methods: The scale was translated with the forward-backward procedure to give an Iranian version. The ADL scale was then applied in a random sample of 400 oncologic patients aged 60 and older following initial cancer treatment. Assessment of the scale stability was twice, with a 14-days (two weeks) interval, to 30 (of the 400) eligible elderly cancer patients in March 2012. To measure treatment effects, the index was run with 150 patients in a three month recall, following oncology processing. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed for assessment of construct validity of the Katz's ADL. Reliability was measured with internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha co-efficient), and test/retest (Spearman's r value) of the instrument. Criterion validity was evaluated by comparing the Katz with Physical Function (PF) subscale of SF 36. Known-group validity was approved by comparing of Katz' ADL between quartile groups of PF subscale of SF 36. Results: In our study the ADL demonstrated a high degree of internal homogeneity (Cronbach's alpha 0.923). There was a high correlation between scores of two time measurement of Katz's ADL (p value of two- related- samples test was 0.3). Construct validity showed a correlation coefficient of 0.572 between the ADL and PF scores. In factor analysis, 2 factors were extracted. Evidence for the reliability of the questionnaire was good and known group validity was approved by significant differences of ADL score between quartiles of the PF subscale of SF36. Conclusions: The results suggest that the Iranian version of ADL applied for oncologic older adult patients following initial cancer treatment is a reliable and a valid clinical instrument and comparable to those reported in other studies.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2016

문화콘텐츠는 지역의 문제점을 개선하고 역사적 가치를 제공한다는 점에서 활용이 증가하고 있다. 더욱이 방문객을 지역으로 유입하고, 지역 상권을 활성화한다는 점에서 관심이 높다. 같은 맥락에서, 문화콘텐츠를 활용한 특화거리 조성은 시민과 소통하고 도시의 문제를 융합하는 역할을 한다. 새로운 공간 조성을 우선하기보다 지역이 가진 근본적인 문제를 해결하고, 단계적으로 접근하는 사업이다. 이에, 문화콘텐츠는 지역민에게 친근하고 공감할 수 있는 집약된 경제적 가치를 창출해야 한다. 이런 측면에서 문화콘텐츠를 활용한 정부와 지자체 사업에 대한 경제적 파급효과를 객관적으로 제시하는 노력은 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 문화콘텐츠의 반영이 얼마만큼의 경제적 파급효과를 보이는지 분석하였다. 연구결과, 문화콘텐츠가 적용된 특화거리는 고용유발 승수, 취업유발 승수, 수입 승수, 세수 승수 관광산업이 서비스업보다 집약적인 사업으로 나타났다. 반대로, 서비스업은 생산유발승수, 소득유발승수, 부가가치유발승수, 관광산업의 전 후방 연쇄효과(영향력 계수, 감응도 계수)가 집약적인 승수로 추론되었다. 이러한 결과는 문화콘텐츠를 접목한 특화거리 조성이 지역의 경제적 시너지효과와 관계함을 제시하는 것이다.