Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.14.3.247

Effects of using silica fume and lime in the treatment of kaolin soft clay  

Alrubaye, Ali Jamal (Centre for Earth Resources Research and Management (CERRM), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth Resources (FKASA), University Malaysia Pahang (UMP))
Hasan, Muzamir (Centre for Earth Resources Research and Management (CERRM), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth Resources (FKASA), University Malaysia Pahang (UMP))
Fattah, Mohammed Y. (Building and Construction Engineering Department, University of Technology)
Publication Information
Geomechanics and Engineering / v.14, no.3, 2018 , pp. 247-255 More about this Journal
Abstract
Soil stabilization can make the soils becoming more stable by using an admixture to the soil. Lime stabilization enhances the engineering properties of soil, which includes reducing soil plasticity, increasing optimum moisture content, decreasing maximum dry density and improving soil compaction. Silica fume is utilized as a pozzolanic material in the application of soil stabilization. Silica fume was once considered non-environmental friendly. In this paper, the materials required are kaolin grade S300, lime and silica fume. The focus of the study is on the determination of the physical properties of the soils tested and the consolidation of kaolin mixed with 6% silica fume and different percentages (3%, 5%, 7% and 9%) of lime. Consolidation test is carried out on the kaolin and the mixtures of soil-lime-silica fume to investigate the effect of lime stabilization with silica fume additives on the consolidation of the mixtures. Based on the results obtained, all soil samples are indicated as soils with medium plasticity. For mixtures with 0% to 9% of lime with 6% SF, the decrease in the maximum dry density is about 15.9% and the increase in the optimum moisture content is about 23.5%. Decreases in the coefficient of permeability of the mixtures occur if compared to the coefficient of permeability of kaolin soft clay itself reduce the compression index (Cc) more than L-SF soil mix due to pozzolanic reaction between lime and silica fume and the optimum percent of lime-silica fume was found to be (5%+6%) mix. The average coefficient of volume compressibility decreases with increasing the stabilizer content due to pozzolanic reaction happening within the soil which results in changes in the soil matrix. Lime content +6% silica fume mix can reduce the coefficient of consolidation from at 3%L+6%SF, thereafter there is an increase from 9%L+6%SF mix. The optimal percentage of lime silica fume combination is attained at 5.0% lime and 6.0% silica fume in order to improve the shear strength of kaolin soft clay. Microstructural development took place in the stabilized soil due to increase in lime content of tertiary clay stabilized with 7% lime and 4% silica fume together.
Keywords
soft clay; stabilization; lime; silica fume; consolidation;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 British Standard Institution (1990), Method of Testing Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes, BS1377.
2 Budhu, M. (2008), Soil Mechanics and Foundations, John Wiley & Sons.
3 Craig, R.F. (2013), Soil Mechanics, Springer.
4 Cuisinier, O., Auriol, J.C., Le Borgne, T. and Deneele, D. (2011), "Microstructure and hydraulic conductivity of a compacted lime-treated soil", Eng. Geol., 123(3), 187-193.   DOI
5 Das, B.M. (2013), Advanced Soil Mechanics, CRC Press.
6 Fattah, M.Y., Al-Saidi, A.A. and Jaber, M.M. (2015a), "Improvement of bearing capacity of footing on soft clay grouted with lime-silica fume mix", Geomech. Eng., 8(1), 113-132.   DOI
7 Fattah, M.Y., Al-Saidi, A.A. and Jaber, M.M. (2015b), "Characteristics of clays stabilized with lime-silica fume mix", Ital. J. Geosci., 134(1), 104-113.   DOI
8 Harichane, M.G. and Kenai, S., (2012), "Effect of the combination of lime and natural pozzolana on the compaction and strength of soft clayey soils: A preliminary study", Environ. Earth Sci., 66(8), 2197-2205.   DOI
9 Head, K.H. (1986), Manual of Soil Laboratory Testing, Pentech Press, London, U.K.
10 Head, K.H. (1994), Manual of Soil Laboratory Testing Vol. 2: Permeability, Shear Strength and Compressibility Tests, Pentech Press, London, U.K.
11 Ingles, O.G. and Metcalf, J.B. (1972), Soil Stabilization Principles and Practice, Butterworth and Company Publishers Limited, London, U.K.
12 Kassim, K.A. (2009), "The effect of catalyst on soil stabilization by application of lime", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Technology, Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, Johor, Malaysia.
13 Negi, C., Yadav, R. and Singhai, A. (2013), "Effect of silica fume on index properties of black cotton soil", J. Sci. Eng. Res., 4(8), 828-833.
14 Locat, J., Trembaly, H. and Leroueil, S. (1996), "Mechanical and hydraulic behaviour of a soft inorganic clay treated with lime", Can. Geotech. J., 33(4), 654-669.   DOI
15 Murthy, V. (2002), Geotechnical Engineering: Principles and Practices of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Marcel Dekker, New York, U.S.A.
16 Nalbantoglu, Z. and Gucbilmez, E. (2002), "Utilization of an industrial waste in calcareous expansive clay stabilization", Geotech. Test. J., 25(1), 78-84.   DOI
17 Terzaghi, K., Peck, R B. and Mesri, G. (1996), Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, John Wiley & Sons.
18 Obaid, H.M.J.H.A. and Hadi, A H. (2013), "Stabilization of soft soil subgrade layers by using lime-micro silica fume mixture", Euphrates J. Agricult. Sci., 5(1), 44-53.
19 Shamshuddin, J. and Anda, M. (2008), "Charge properties of soils in Malaysia dominated by kaolinite, gibbsite, goethite and hematite", Bull. Geol. Soc. Mal., 54, 27-31.
20 Sharma, N.K., Swain, S. and Sahoo, U.C. (2012), "Stabilization of a clayey soil with fly ash and lime: A micro level investigation", Geotech. Geol. Eng., 30(5), 1197-1205.   DOI
21 Ting, W., Wong, T. and Toh, C. (1988), "Design parameters for soft ground in Malaysia", Geotech. Eng., 19(1).
22 Fattah, M.Y., Al-Saidi, A.A. and Jaber, M.M. (2014), "Consolidation properties of compacted soft soil stabilized with lime-silica fume mix", J. Sci. Eng. Res., 5(7), 1675-1682.
23 Bowles, J.E. (1979), Physical and Geotechnical Properties of Soils, Mc-Graw Hill, New York, U.S.A.
24 Abdullah, A. and Chandra, P. (1987), "Engineering properties for coastal subsoils in Peninsula Malaysia", Proceedings of the 9th South East Asia Geotechnical Conference, Bangkok, Thailand, December.
25 Al-Azzawi, A.A., Daud, K.A. and Sattar, M.A.A. (2012), "Effect of silica fume addition on the behavior of silty-clayey soils", J. Eng. Dev., 16(1), 92-105.
26 Amiralian, S., Chegenizadeh, A. and Nikraz, H., (2012), "Investigation on the effect of lime and fly ash on hydraulic conductivity of soil", J. Biol. Ecol. Environ. Sci., 1, 120-123.
27 ASTM (2003), Book of Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials.
28 Bell, F. (1996), "Lime stabilization of clay minerals and soils", Eng. Geol., 42(4), 223-237.   DOI