• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.874-883
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• 1988

A complete form of physical optics solution to the diffraction of electromagnetic waves by a dielectric wedge with arbitrary dielectric constant and general wedge angle is obtained for an incident plane wave with any angle. Based on the formulation of dual integral equation in the spectral domain, the physical optics solution is constructed by sum of geometrical optics term including multiple reflection inside the wedge and the edge diffracted field, of which diffraction functions are represented in a quite simple form as series of cotangent functions weighted by the Fresnel reflection coefficients. Since diffraction patterns of physical optics are discontinous at dielectric interfaces, Part II and III of these three companion papers will be concerned with correction to the error of the physical optics approximation.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-30
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was analyzed the effect of kinematical and kinetical factors of lower extremity of form change in the cause of growth an unborn child during in pregnancy. Three pregnant women were selected from pregnant 24 weeks as subjects. Each subjects were required to walk with usual walking speed. Cinematographic and GRF data were collected during walking, and the kinematical and kinetical variables were calculated using Kwon3d. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were drawn : 1. Step width and Step length The change of form during the period of pregnancy was not statistically found significant in the step width and the step length. 2. Angle of lower extremity 1) The change of form during the period of pregnancy was not statistically found significant in the hip angle at right heel contact, mid stance, but it was statistically found significant in the hip angle at toe off on p<.05. 2) The change of form during the period of pregnancy was not statistically found significant in the knee angle at right heel contact, mid stance, but it was statistically found significant in the knee angle at toe off on p<.05. 3) The change of form during the period of pregnancy was not statistically found significant in the ankle angle at right heel contact, mid stance, but it was statistically found significant in the ankle angle at toe off on p<.05. 3. Ground reaction force 1) The change of form during the period of pregnancy was statistically found significant in medial-lateral force(Fx) on p<.001. 2) The change of form during the period of pregnancy was not statistically found significant in post-anterior force(Fy). 3) The change of form during the period of pregnancy was statistically found significant in impulse force and minimum peak of vertical reaction force on p<.001, p<.01 but it was not statistically found significant in second maximum force.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1689-1697
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• 2013

This study was designed to determine the effect of physical form and urea treatment of rice straw on rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and nutrient digestibility. Four rumen-fistulated dairy steers were randomly assigned according to a 2 (2 factorial arrangement in a 4 (4 Latin square design to receive four dietary treatments. Factor A was roughage source: untreated rice straw (RS) and urea-treated (3%) rice straw (UTRS), and factor B was type of physical form of rice straw: long form rice straw (LFR) and chopped (4 cm) rice straw (CHR). The steers were offered the concentrate at 0.5% body weight (BW) /d and rice straw was fed ad libitum. DM intake and nutrient digestibility were increased (p<0.05) by urea treatment. Ruminal pH were decreased (p<0.05) in UTRS fed group, while ruminal ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were increased (p<0.01) by urea treatment. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations increased (p<0.01) when steers were fed UTRS. Furthermore, VFA concentrations were not altered by treatments (p>0.05), except propionic acid (C3) was increased (p<0.05) in UTRS fed group. Nitrogen (N) balance was affected by urea treatment (p<0.05). Microbial protein synthesis (MCP) synthesis were greater by UTRS and CHR group (p<0.05). The efficiency of microbial N synthesis was greater for UTRS than for RS (p<0.05). From these results, it can be concluded that using the long form combined with urea treatment of rice straw improved feed intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and efficiency of microbial N synthesis in crossbred dairy steers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.222-226
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• 2007

Buildings form interior space when part of an external environment is limited by a physical surface. And, the interior space forms an appearance of building when space-defining elements, such as floor, wall, and roof. An appearance or a form of building has a lot of meanings depending on the physical and psychological conditions, as well as symbolism. Especially, the prevailing meaning of form in the modern age was, "Form follows function," was quite different from the meaning of form in the architectural era of Louis I. Kahn, who asserted "Form always supercedes function," when functional modernism was still existed even after some 50 years later. Existing studies on Louis I. Kahn usually analyzed his architectural terminology and philosophical concepts of Centrality, Light, Order, Form, and Design; or they were focused on an overall plane and the principle of composition. The purposes of this study are: (1) to investigate how the formal composition characteristics of building are expressed on skylights; and (2) to demonstrate that the formal composition characteristics of skylights plays an important role in constructing a whole structure of building in relation with other architectural elements.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.61-70
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• 2015

To develop an effective and efficient measurement system for tracking changes of functional status across two measures, it is essential to integrate information and communicate scores across two measures. The lack of communication between two measures leads to score incompatibility. A potential solution would be the development of a crosswalk table between those measures. Prior to creating a crosswalk table, selecting common items between two measures is critical. By using the Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire (Oswestry) and a short form measuring disability resulting from low back pain, item level statistics as well as differential item functioning (DIF) using the Rasch measurement were investigated. Eighty-two participants with known group validity were recruited. Based on the application of the Rasch measurement model, item difficulties across the two measures were logically and hierarchically ordered. Ceiling effects for both measures were detected, which were not be able to be effectively measured with the two measures. The DIF analysis across the two measures confirmed that five paired items were found to have DIF and five common items were selected for common items. Although five paired items function differently across the Oswestry and the short form, all items of both measures were well targeted study participants. The common items selected by the Rasch measurement model may be effective when creating a crosswalk table between the Oswestry and the short form.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.72-86
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• 1991

In the study I analyzed the relationship between the characteristics of the user's residential environment and his or her use of openspace. I find out that there are little correlationship between building form and use factors. Also, there are no relationship between persons per room and use factors. Only the physical distance and the location of the building site is correlated with the use factor. In testing the hypotheses, I discovered very little to support the "physical deterministic" notion. I generally was not able to explain the behavior of open space users on the basis of the physical parameters selected to describe the user's residential environment. This, I believe, indicates that there probably are many other variables that play a more important role than those pertaining to the density and form of the residential environment. It is necessary to find out more variables affecting the use of openspace in the neighbourhoods, such as the charecteristics of user group. Also, it is necessary to apply the study to the other sites or the other cities in Korea to compare with the results.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.691-697
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• 2004

In this paper we find index form of the multiply warped product manifolds to investigate the physical properties from space-time.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.183-197
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• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the characteristic of physical touch in caring situation. The subjects of this study were adults in caring situation, therefore they were composed of 7 patients, 6 nurses, 3 doctors, 3 pharmacologists, 3 men in paramedicine area, 3 nursing educators and 13 normal general adults. The datas were gathered through nonstructured questionaire from June, 20th to September, 15th in 1995. The datas were subjects' descriptions about the intention, perception, and form of physical touch in caring situation and analysed by content analysis. The results as follow : The datas were divided into four areas. There were the situation being necessiated the physical touch, meaning of physical touch, form of physical touch and perception about physical touch in caring situation. The situation being necessiated physical touch were the situation that required physical treatment, to deliver the active expression of concern about the patients, to determine the treatment due to the identification of physical condition of patients and to induce the psychological eqilibrium into patient's mind. The meanings of physical touch in caring situation were - Good meanings that intention is to encourage, to be have hope about health and to deliver the affection willing to help patient. - therapeutic methods that were to facillitate the circulation of blood, to reduce the pain perception and to facillitate the circulation of qi. - interpersonal affectionate relation that the intentions were to deliver the understanding of patient's pain, were to delivery the meaning to the patient not be alone. The forms of physical touch in caring situation were none invasive forms just like laying hands on hand, head, shoulder, gentle knocking on the shoulder or back, massage of legs and back and finger pressure on acupuncture points. The perception of physical touch in caring situation divided into two parts. In family, the perceptions of physical touch in caring situation were to promote health status because physical touch induce the psychological peace, and to evoke the importance of relationship among family members. In relation with care giver, perception of physical touch in caring situation were inevitable process in treatment, and to deliver the trust and concern about patients.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.457-463
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• 1996

An esthetically pleasing result in denture service is dependent upon several consideration. Esthetic considerations for the edentulous patient include tooth size, shape, arrangement, positioning, gingival contour, age, sex, personality differences, and ethnic type. Especially, the form of anterior artificial teeth is an important factor on the esthetics. The selection of artificaial teeth requires understanding and knowledge on physical and biologic factors and has to meet the indivisul esthetics and functional needs of each patient. However, the selection of artificial teeth is based on the large degree of subjective judgement of the dentist, Therefore, this is one of the most unscientific processes. Many attempts have been made to find a guideline for the selection of artificial teeth. Temperamental theory by White and Hall utillized with the physical characteristics such as body size, body form, color of eyes and hair, and disposition. SPA theory by Frush and Fisher utilized with the basis of sex, personalities, and age of the indivisual. There has not been provided for a guideline and study on the selection of artificial teeth for Koreans yet. This study was aimed to evaluate the William's typal matching theory in Koreans. 1. The facial forms of korean adult were ovoid(46.3%), square(36.7%) and tapered(17.0%) form. 2. The anatomic forms of natural maxillary incisors were ovoid(45.3%), tapered(31.3%), square(23.3%) form. 3. The forms of face and natural maxillary incisors were ovoid(21.9%), squared(11%), tapered(6.3%). 4. The natural maxillary incisors were similar in form to the facial form only in 39%. There was no correlation between the form of the face and the form of natural maxillary central inisors in Koreans. 5. Artificaial teeth which was selected according to the typal matching theory did not represent the form of the natural teeth in 61 per cents of the fatal, but it felt that they harmonized with the form of the patient's face and produced good results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 2014

PURPOSE: This study was to examine changes in muscle activity of lower extremity shoes sole form (high heels, shoes with curved out sole, house shoes). METHODS: The subjects of this study were 12 women in their twenties. They put three kinds of shoes (high heels, shoes with curved out sole, house shoes) and walked 5m. The muscles activities of lower extremity muscles (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medial part) were measured using a wireless electromyogram (EMG). Rectus femoris was attached to 1/2 position at the distance between ASIS and knee bone and vastus medials was attached to 2cm from upper inside of knee bone. Tibialis anterior was attached to 75% position above line connecting knee joint and ankle joint and gastrocnemius medial part was attached to 3 5% position above knee joint and ankle. RESULTS: It was found that there were significant differences in changes of muscles activities of lower extremity muscles (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medial part) on shoes sole forms (p<.05). All lower extremity muscles were showed high muscles activities, when high heels wear (p<.05). Wearing shoes with curved out sole was showed high muscle activity of tibialis anterior and lower muscle activity of gastrocnemius medial part compared with wearing house shoes (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Shoes sole form should be considered when patients with knee and ankle joint problems choose shoes because muscles were showed different activities according to shoes sole forms.