• Title/Summary/Keyword: Physical Cause

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A Forensic Engineering Study on Evaluation of Explosive Pressure and Velocity for LNG Explosion Accident using AUTODYN (AUTODYN을 이용한 LNG 폭발 사고 위력 평가에 관한 법공학적 연구)

  • Kim, Eui Soo;Kim, Jong Hyuk;Shim, Jong Heon;Kim, Jin Pyo;Goh, Jae Mo;Park, Nam Kyu
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.56-63
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    • 2015
  • Gas explosion accidents could cause a catastrophe. we need specialized and systematic accident investigation techniques to shed light on the cause and prevent similar accidents. In this study, we had performed LNG explosion simulation using AUTODYN which is the commercial explosion program and predicted the damage characteristics of the structures by LNG explosive power. In the first step, we could get LNG's physical and chemical explosion properties by calculation using TNT equivalency method. And then, by applying TNT equivalency value about the explosion limit concentration of LNG on the 2D-AUTODYN simulation, we could get the explosion pressure wave profiles (explosion pressure, explosion velocity, etc.). In the last step, we performed LNG explosion simulation by applying to the explosion pressure wave profiles as the input data on the 3D-AUTODYN simulation. As a result, we had performed analyzing of the explosion characteristics of LNG in accordance with concentration through the 3D-AUTODYN simulation in terms of the explosion pressure behavior and structure's destruction and damage behavior.

A Study on the Effects of Nuclear Power Plant Workers and Organizational Characteristics on Accidents (원전 종사자 및 조직 특성이 사고에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Byung-Suk;Jo, Hyun-Woong;Oh, Youngmin
    • Korean System Dynamics Review
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.5-25
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of nuclear power plant workers and organizational characteristics on accidents, and seek the combination of policies for reducing accidents. For this purpose, it grasped, by using System Dynamics and Causal Loop Diagram, how various factors that cause accidents in nuclear plants are interrelated, and performed simulations after building simulation models. As a result of the analysis, first, the fundamental cause of safety accidents in nuclear power plants turned out to be the time constraint on the workload. Second, it turned out that as the workload of workers increases, physical and mental stresses increase, thereby increasing accidents due to errors and violations. Third, it turned out that as the levels of educational training and compliance with regulations and procedures are enhanced, accidents are reduced. Lastly, it turned out that as the combination of policies (reliance level + working environment + educational training + compliance with regulations and procedures) is increased, accidents are reduced. Especially, it turned out that if the combination of policies is increased by 30%, more than 10 cases of accidents are reduced.

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The Effects of Landing Height and Distance on Knee Injury Mechanism (착지의 높이와 거리가 무릎 부상 메카니즘에 미치는 영향)

  • Cho, Joon-Haeng;Kim, Ro-Bin
    • Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.197-205
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    • 2011
  • Various jumping and landing motions are shown during sports event. But most previous studies have not considered landing height and distance simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of landing height and distance on knee injury mechanism. Fourteen male(age: 28.86±1.99 yrs, height: 177.00±4.69 cm, weight: 76.50±6.41 kg) participated in this study. The subjects attempted drop landing task onto the ground from 30 cm to 45 cm heights and to 20 cm to 40 cm distances. The results were as follows. First, higher drop landing height and longer distance showed greater degree of maximal knee flexion and valgus. Second, higher drop landing height and longer distance showed greater maximal knee extension moment and varus moment. Third, higher drop landing height and longer distance showed larger maximal knee absorption power. Lastly, higher drop landing height showed increased Peak GRF. Landing height was more related to the cause of injury, which was indicated by increased maximal knee extension moment, peak GRF and maximal knee absorption power. Landing distance was also associated with increased knee valgus moment and absorption power during landing. These results suggest that landing height and distance may be the cause of injury.

Lifestyle and Cancer Risk

  • Weiderpass, Elisabete
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.43 no.6
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    • pp.459-471
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    • 2010
  • The main behavioural and environmental risk factors for cancer mortality in the world are related to diet and physical inactivity, use of addictive substances, sexual and reproductive health, exposure to air pollution and use of contaminated needles. The population attributable fraction for all cancer sites worldwide considering the joint effect of these factors is about 35% (34 % for low- and middle-income countries and 37% for high-income countries). Seventy-one percent of lung cancer deaths are caused by tobacco use (lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death globally). The combined effects of tobacco use, low fruit and vegetable intake, urban air pollution, and indoor smoke from household use of solid fuels cause 76% of lung cancer deaths. Exposure to these behavioural and environmental factors is preventable; modifications in lifestyle could have a large impact in reducing the cancer burden worldwide. The evidence of association between lifestyle factors and cancer, as well as the main international recommendations for prevention are briefly reviewed and commented upon here.

Two Cases of Stroke in Childhood (소아(小兒) 중풍(中風) 환자(患者) 2례(例)에 대(對)한 증례(證例))

  • Lee, Jin-Yong;Kim, Deog-Gon;Shin, Dong-Gil
    • The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.87-97
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    • 2003
  • Cerebrovascular disease in children is more common than once recognized and the etiology and prognosis of the disease in children are quite different from those of adults. In Korea, the most common cause of stroke is moyamoya disease in ischemic stroke, arteriovenous malformation in hemorrhagic stroke. We experienced two cases of ischemic stroke in childhood whose symptoms are similar to that of adults. They had cerebrovascular malformation(narrowing of ICA, MCA, basilar artery). we treated them with herb medicine, acupuncture treatment, laser acupuncture treatment and physical treatment. After treatment, they recovered from the stroke symptoms, but the primary cause of stroke was not eliminated, so it is thought that more follow up is needed. We report that we had good effects of oriental medical treatment on two case of cerebral infarction in children.

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Nutritional approach to failure to thrive

  • Jeong, Su-Jin
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.54 no.7
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    • pp.277-281
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    • 2011
  • Failure to thrive (FTT) is a term generally used to describe an infant or child whose current weight or rate of weight gains is significantly below that expected of similar children of the same age, sex and ethnicity. It usually describes infants in whom linear growth and head circumference are either not affected, or are affected to a lesser degree than weight. FTT is a common problem, usually recognized within the first 1-2 years of life, but may present at any time in childhood. Most cases of failure to thrive involve inadequate caloric intake caused by behavioral or psychosocial issues. The most important part of the outpatient evaluation is obtaining an accurate account of a child's eating habits and caloric intake. Routine laboratory testing rarely identifies a cause and is not generally recommended. FTT, its evaluation, and its therapeutic interventions are best approached by a multi-disciplinary team includes a nutritionist, a physical therapist, a psychologist and a gastroenterologist. Long term sequelae involving all areas of growth, behavior and development may be seen in children suffering from FTT. Early detection and early intervention by a multidisciplinary team will minimize its long term disadvantage. Appropriate nutritional counseling and anticipatory guidance at each well child visit may help prevent some cause of FTT.

Root cause analys is and improving strategy of suicidal sentinel events (의료기관 내 자살사건의 근본원인분석과 개선전략)

  • Lim, Hun-Sun;Kim, Hong-Soon;Yum, Ho-Kee
    • Quality Improvement in Health Care
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.50-64
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    • 2013
  • Objectives : Suicide is a serious sentinel event in healthcare organization. Suicide and suicidal attempt are fatal and long lasting mental and physical damage to themselves, family, and medical staffs. To develope the system to prevent suicidal accident in hospital, we reviewed and analysed one case of suicidal sentinel event. Methods: The risks of suicidal sentinel event were evaluated and analysed through the root cause analysis and failure mode effects analysis. Result: We found several root causes such as initial assessment of oldest patient and security issues. Couple of action plans to fix the problems were done immediately. According to failure mode, we evaluate the risk priority number to modify the action plans. Conclusion: To reduce the risk of sentinel events, we reviewed the suicidal event and established the new system and action plan to prevent sentinel events.

Association Analysis of Reactive Oxygen Species-Hypertension Genes Discovered by Literature Mining

  • Lim, Ji Eun;Hong, Kyung-Won;Jin, Hyun-Seok;Oh, Bermseok
    • Genomics & Informatics
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.244-248
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    • 2012
  • Oxidative stress, which results in an excessive product of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is one of the fundamental mechanisms of the development of hypertension. In the vascular system, ROS have physical and pathophysiological roles in vascular remodeling and endothelial dysfunction. In this study, ROS-hypertension-related genes were collected by the biological literature-mining tools, such as SciMiner and gene2pubmed, in order to identify the genes that would cause hypertension through ROS. Further, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within these gene regions were examined statistically for their association with hypertension in 6,419 Korean individuals, and pathway enrichment analysis using the associated genes was performed. The 2,945 SNPs of 237 ROS-hypertension genes were analyzed, and 68 genes were significantly associated with hypertension (p < 0.05). The most significant SNP was rs2889611 within MAPK8 (p = 2.70×105; odds ratio, 0.82; confidence interval, 0.75 to 0.90). This study demonstrates that a text mining approach combined with association analysis may be useful to identify the candidate genes that cause hypertension through ROS or oxidative stress.

The Effect of Half Day Nasal Packing in Results of Closed Reduction of Nasal Bone Fracture (반나절 비강충전이 비골 골절 수술결과에 미치는 영향)

  • Han, Dong Gil;Kim, Tae Seob
    • Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.119-124
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: Closed reduction and nasal packings for 3-7 days is usual procedures in managing nasal bone fracture. Most patients experience several discomfort owing to lack of nasal breathing. There are many reports concerning how to reduce patient's discomforts or complications. But it is obvious that the duration of nasal packing is 3-7 days. The aim of this study is evaluate the effect of half day nasal packing in results of nasal bone fracture. Methods: The study was performed on 97 nasal bone fracture patients who had simple nasal bone fractures from January to June 2012. The incidence, cause, patient's discomfort and satisfaction with half day nasal packing are analyzed according to patient's medical records and questionnaire at each nasal packing removal, postoperative 4 weeks. Results: Young male patients, especially the teenagers and the twenties were the common age group, and physical violence was most common cause of injury. A total of 78 out of 97 patients were male. In 92 cases, closed reduction were applied. Approximately, 87% of the patients were satisfied with the outcomes. Conclusion: Half day nasal packing is considered as an effective method to minimize patient's discomfort owing to prolonged absence of nasal breathing with maintenance of stability.

Management of Biceps and Labral Disorders (이두 근 및 관절순 손상의 치료)

  • Choi, Chang-Hyuk
    • Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.110-116
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    • 2006
  • Lesion of the superior glenoid labrum and the insertion of the biceps tendon are a common cause for shoulder pain in patients performing overhead sports. Medial shearing stress during overhead throwing may cause biceps instability and associated rotator cuff problem aggravates the symptoms. Careful attention to the history and physical examination and may arouse suspicion of injury to the biceps tendon and the superior labral complex. Progress in shoulder arthroscopy has led to the identification of the lesion and normal variation. Treatment should be directed according to the type of lesion and related symptoms.

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