• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.130-134
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• 2024

The family Velutinidae is found in various intertidal and subtidal habitats worldwide including Arctic and Antarctic seas. They are characterized by possessing a fragile shell that is partially or entirely covered by the mantle. Eight valid species of the genus Coriocella have been reported mostly in the Indo-West Pacific. Here we report Coriocella jayi Wellens, 1996 from Korean waters for the first time and describe details of their external morphology and radula characteristics using scanning electron microscopy, and provide the mtDNA cox1 sequence as a DNA barcode sequence information. This species is distinguished from other congeneric species by having six cylinder-shaped tubercular lobes of their dorsal part of mantle body and mantle color. Phylogenetic tree using the mtDNA cox1 sequence data shows that two Coriocella species (C. jayi and C. nigra) are grouped as their respective sister among Velutinidae species, and these relationships are strongly supported by 100% bootstrap value. Despite the morphological similarities, further investigation will be needed to confirm whether the African and Korean populations can be justified as the same species with a disconnected distribution range, or represent morphologically similar but two distinct species.

• ALGAE
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.59-74
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• 2024

Terrestrial cyanobacteria are extremely diverse. In urban areas, they can be found as black stains on the surface of building walls, stone monuments, or man-made structures. Many of the terrestrial cyanobacteria are still understudied. To expand knowledge of terrestrial cyanobacterial diversity, a polyphasic characterization was performed to identify 12 strains isolated from campus of University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. Multigene phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region showed that the isolated strains formed two independent subclades within Nodosilinea, and were distantly related to all described Nodosilinea species. The 16S-23S rRNA ITS secondary structures showed variations for D1-D1' and Box B domain, while V3 domain was almost identical among entire species of Nodosilinea, including the studied strains. In addition, a unique morphological character, i.e. forming nodule or spiral shape, was also observed in certain studied strains. According to polyphasic characterization, Nodosilinea coculeatus sp. nov. and Nodosilinea terrestrialis sp. nov., were proposed as two new species of terrestrial cyanobacteria from Okinawa.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.205-217
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• 2024

Brown rot disease, caused by Monilinia spp., poses a significant threat to pome and stone fruit crops globally, resulting in substantial economic losses during pre- and post-harvest stages. Monilinia fructigena, M. laxa, and M. fructicola are identified as the key agents responsible for brown rot disease. In this study, we employed the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method to assess the genetic diversity of 86 strains of Monilinia spp. isolated from major stone fruit cultivation regions in South Korea. Specifically, strains were collected from Chungcheong, Gangwon, Gyeonggi, Gyeongsang, and Jeolla provinces (-do). A comparative analysis of strain characteristics, such as isolation locations, host plants, and responses to chemical fungicides, was conducted. AFLP phylogenetic classification using 20 primer pairs revealed the presence of three distinct groups, with strains from Jeolla province consistently forming a separate group at a high frequency. Furthermore, M. fructicola was divided into three groups by the AFLP pattern. Principal coordinate analysis and PERMANOVA were applied to compare strain information, such as origin, host, and fungicide sensitivity, revealing significant partition patterns for AFLP according to geographic origin and host plants. This study represents the utilization of AFLP methodology to investigate the genetic variability among M. fructicola isolates, highlighting the importance of continuous monitoring and management of variations in the brown rot pathogen.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2024

A fungal strain, KNUF-4H-A belonging to the genus Phaeosphaeria was isolated from the citrus flower chafer (Gametis jucunda) in Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. This strain was further identified as Phaeosphaeria chengduensis through phylogenetic analyses based on a concatenated dataset of DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, as well as the small subunit rDNA (SSU), large subunit rDNA (LSU), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α) genes. The isolate KNUF-4H-A exhibited typical cultural characteristics of P. chengduensis, producing colonies that were flattened, greenish-grey at the edges, grey-white at the center, and dark brown on the reverse side. Phaeosphaeria species have been reported in various ecosystems, including terrestrial and freshwater environments. The isolation of KNUF-4H-A from the citrus flower chafer provides valuable insights into the habitat diversity of Phaeosphaeria. This is the first record of Phaeosphaeria chengduensis in Korea.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.332-339
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• 2024

The filamentous freshwater red alga Compsopogon caeruleus(Compsopogonophyceae, Compsopogonaceae, Rhodophyta) occurs in tropical and subtropical regions of worldwide. This species has been reported from Asia, America, Africa, Europe and Oceania, and the worldwide distribution of Compsopogon caeruleus is in variable water habitats. Several morphospecies of the genus Compsopogon had been recorded, but recent molecular phylogenetic analyses with worldwide sampling identified a monospecific genus, C. caeruleus. In the present study, we first report a freshwater red alga Compsopogon caeruleus from Korea. We identified Compsopogon caeruleus in an urban river in Yongin City, and analyzed its morphological and genetic characteristics. Nuclear 18S rDNA, plastidal rbcL gene and mitochondrial cox1 gene sequences isolated from Korean Compsopogon caeruleus showed high sequences similarity with Compsopogon caeruleus from worldwide (98.6-100% (18S rDNA), 99-100% (rbcL) and 97.7-100% (cox1)). These sequences similarities support the identification of a red alga found in Korea as Compsopogon caeruleus. This new geographical report provides the useful information for understanding the distribution and habitat range of Compsopogon caeruleus especially concerning urban freshwater environments.

• 환경생물
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.345-363
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• 2023

뗏목말과 녹조류는 담수생태계 주요 우점생물군으로, 형태적 가변성과 종 구분 기준의 복잡성이 증가하고 있어 전 세계 40속 약 380종의 계통분류체계는 명확하지 않다(Comas and Komárek 1984; Kim 2015a). 우리나라의 뗏목말과는 17속 119종이 알려져 있으나, Desmodesmus 속 38종의 계통관계에 대한 연구는 전무하다. 본 연구 결과는 우리나라 뗏목말과 Desmodesmus속 종간 계통관계를 다유전자 분석을 기반으로 제시한다. 본 연구는 국립낙동강생물자원관 담수생물자원은행 (FBCC)이 보유하고 있는 Desmodesmus속 19종(unidentifies spp 제외) 70개 배양주의 총 299개 유전자(핵 18S rRNA, 색소체 atpB, petA, rbcL, 및 tufA) 서열을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 Desmodesmus속 종의 생태 및 형태적 특징으로 유연관계를 추정하기는 매우 어려웠다. 그러나 색소체 유전자(atpB, petA, rbcL 및 tufA)는 핵 18S rRNA보다 높은 변이율(P-distance)을 보여주며 종간 계통관계 구축의 유용성을 보여주고 있다. 다유전자 유합계통수는 Desmodesmus속 내 6개 이상의 clades 구분을 제안하고 있다. Clade-1에는 D. serratus, unidentified Desmodesmus sp. 1 FBCC-A515, 및 unidentified Desmodesmus sp. 2 FBCC-A1236를 포함하며, Clade-2는 D. communis, D. dispar, D. maximus, D. pannonicus 및 unidentified Desmodesmus sp. 3 (FBCC-A724 와 FBCC-A725)를 포함한다. Clade-3는 D. bicaudatus와 D. intermedius의 2종을, Clade-4는 D. microspina, D. pleiomorphus, D. subspicatus, 및 unidentified Desmodesmus sp. 10 (FBCC-A1279 및 FBCC-A1332)의 4종을, Clade-5는 D. abundans, D. spinosus, unidentified Desmodesmus sp. 4 FBCC-A1293, 및 unidentified Desmodesmus sp. 5 (FBCC-A1277 등)의 4종을, Clade-6는 D. armatus, D. armatus var. longispina, D. opoliensis, unidentified Desmodesmus spp 6~9를 포함한다. 담수생물자원은행(FBCC) 배양주의 새로운 유전자 정보는 뗏목말과 녹조류의 종동정 및 분자생태학적 연구에 활용할 수 있다. 또한 분자계통 결과는 우리나라 Desmodesmus속 녹조류의 종다양성 정보 확대에 기여할 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1205-1215
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• 2012

This study was conducted to establish genetic criteria for phenotypic characteristics of Hanwoo cattle based on allele frequencies and genetic variance analysis using microsatellite markers. Analysis of the genetic diversity among 399 Hanwoo cattle classified according to nose pigmentation and coat color was carried out using 22 microsatellite markers. The results revealed that the INRA035 locus was associated with the highest $F_{is}$ (0.536). Given that the $F_{is}$ value for the Hanwoo INRA035 population ranged from 0.533 (white) to 1.000 (white spotted), this finding was consistent with the loci being fixed in Hanwoo cattle. Expected heterozygosities of the Hanwoo groups classified by coat colors and degree of nose pigmentation ranged from $0.689{\pm}0.023$ (Holstein) to $0.743{\pm}0.021$ (nose pigmentation level of d). Normal Hanwoo and animals with a mixed white coat showed the closest relationship because the lowest $D_A$ value was observed between these groups. However, a pair-wise differentiation test of $F_{st}$ showed no significant difference among the Hanwoo groups classified by coat color and degree of nose pigmentation (p<0.01). Moreover, results of the neighbor-joining tree based on a $D_A$ genetic distance matrix within 399 Hanwoo individuals and principal component analyses confirmed that different groups of cattle with mixed coat color and nose pigmentation formed other specific groups representing Hanwoo genetic and phenotypic characteristics. The results of this study support a relaxation of policies regulating bull selection or animal registration in an effort to minimize financial loss, and could provide basic information that can be used for establishing criteria to classify Hanwoo phenotypes.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.181-191
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• 2000

국내 늦반딧불이(Pyrocoelia rufa)이 미토콘드리아 DNA중 COI 유전자 일부(403 bp)의 염기서열을 결정, 집단내 유전적 다양도, 지역적 변이, 계통유전적 관련에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 남해, 부산, 무주, 용인 등 우리나라 4개 지역으로부터 채집된 총 26개체로부터 7개의 mtDNA haplotype을 얻었으며 이들의 변이는 0.2~1.2%이었다. 도심인 부산에서 채집한 늦반딧불이는 다른 산림 및 농업의 채집지역과 달리 하나의 haplotype으로 고정되어 있어 도시화에 따른 집단의 병목현상과 서식처 파편화가 심각했음을 보여주었다. 그러나 우리나라 최대의 반딧불이 서식처이자 보호지역으로 지정된 무주로부터 4개의 haplotype을 얻었으며 이들의 최대염기 치환율은 1.0%로 가장 높은 집단내 유전적 다양도를 나타내었다. 근해의 섬인 남해의 늦반딧불이는 상대적으로 낮은 haplotype 다양도(H=0.25)와 계통유전적으로 이질적인 haplotype(PR7)의 존재로 요약되었는데 이는 비교적 가까운 과거의 한반도 생물지리 역사 및 유전자 이동에 의해 나타난 현상으로 설명하였다. 계층적 유전분석 결과 무주-용인과 부산-남해 그룹의 형성은 역사적으로 두 그룹사이에 유전자 이동에 반한 장벽의 존재 가능성을 제시한다고 설명하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.970-975
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• 2015

본 연구는 mtDNA cytochrome b (cyt b) 유전자의 염기변이를 동정하고 이를 토대로 백한우의 계통유전학적 유연관계를 파악하기 위하여 실시하였다. 백한우 14두에 대한 mtDNA cyt b 유전자 전체서열 내에서 염기의 삽입/결실변이 없이 1개의 silent mutation이 동정되었고, 2개의 haplotype으로 분류되었다. 14두 중 13두가 major haplotype인 H1에 포함되었으며, 나머지 1두는 칡소와 같은 haplotype에 속하였다. Haplotype 다양성지수 및 염기변이율은 각각 0.143, 0.00013으로, 기존에 보고된 한국 재래소 및 중국소 품종들보다 현저히 낮게 나타났다. 한국, 일본, 중국 및 유럽 소 품종과의 유전적 유연관계를 확인하기 위해서 Dxy 유전거리 산출 및 neighbor-joining tree를 작성하였다. 2개의 group (A, B)으로 분류되었으며, 백한우는 B. taurus 계열인 A group에 포함되었다. Dxy유전거리 산출 결과, 백한우는 흑우(0.00018) 및 Yanbian (0.00021) 품종과 가까운 유연관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면, 모계유전특성에 기초하여 백한우는 칡소, 흑우 및 Yanbian과 유전적으로 높은 연관성을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 백한우의 효율적인 관리 및 지속가능한 활용을 위한 중요한 자료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.92-101
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• 2006

The bacterial diversity of the bovine rumen was examined using a PCR-based approach. 16S rDNA sequences were amplified and cloned from three fractions of rumen (solid, fluid, and epithelium) that are likely to represent different bacterial niches. A total of 113 clones were sequenced, and similarities to known l6S rDNA sequences were examined. About $47.8\%$ of the sequences had $90-97\%$ similarity to 16S rDNA database sequences. Furthermore, about $62.2\%$ of the sequences were $98-100\%$ similar to 16S rDNA database sequences. For the remaining $6.1\%$, the similarity was less than $90\%$. Phylogenetic analysis was also used to infer the makeup of the bacterial communities in the different rumen fractions. The Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides group (CFB, $67.5\%$), low G+C Gram-positive bacteria (LGCGPB, $30\%$), and Proteobacteria $(2.5\%)$ were represented in the rumen fluid clone set; LGCGPB $(75.7\%)$, CFB$(10.8\%)$, Proteobacteria $(5.4\%)$, high G+C Gram-positive bacteria (HGCGPB, $5.4\%$), and Spirochaetes $(2.7\%)$ were represented in the rumen solid clone set; and the CFB group $(94.4\%)$ and LGCGPB $(5.6\%)$ were represented in the rumen epithelium clone set. These findings suggest that the rumen fluid, solid, and epithelium support different microbial populations that may play specific roles in rumen function.