• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 2000

This study was carried out to determine the suitability of 3 months old bamboo species of Phyllostachys bambusoides S. et Z., Phyllostachys Pubescens Mazel and Phyllostachys nigra var henonis Stapf as raw materials for the manufacture of strandboard. Total of 108 strandboards were made using urea-formaldehyde resin content level of 12% and one percent of liquid wax emulsion. The strandboard consisted of three layers the top and the bottom layer of which were oriented to the same direction and weighted 25% of the strandboard each. The middle core layer weighed 50% of the board and was perpendicular to the outer top and bottom layers. Analysis was performed to determine the effect of strand lengths and Uowing years of 3 months, 2 years and 3 years on strandboard properties. The physical and mechanical properties of bamboo species and boards were measured and compared to the standard requirements of strandboards. The results are as follows; 1. The more the growing years the higher the density of bamboo. Top part of bamboo indicated higher density value than that of bottom part. 2. Bamboo showed higher static bending strength compared to the main wood species. Longer growing years of bamboo generally inclosed the static tending strength out there were no statistical significancies for Phyllostachys bmbusoides S. et Z. and Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel. 3. Strand length indicated no difference on density and moisture content of strandboard. 5 cm of strand length gave the best static bending strength and internal bonding strength. Bamboo strandboard exhibited lesser extents of thickness swelling than that of CSA standard. 4. 3 months old bamboo gave higher static bending strength of strandboard than those of 2 years and 3 years old bamboo. In case of Phyllostachys nigra var henonis Stapf, 3 months old bamboo indicated higher internal bonding strength than those of 2 years and 3years old bamboo. but in Phyllostachys bambusoides S. et Z., Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel, there were no difference among growing years. Growing years showed no different physical properties of bamboo strandboard.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 1999

Machinability of three Korean domestic bamboo species, Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel, Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis Stapf. and Phyllostachys bambusoides S. et Z., was studied to investigate the possibility of utilization of Korean domestic bamboo species as raw material for industry. Splitting force reached a maximum within the first inch of knife travel and diminished thereafter. Parallel-sided wedge-type knife with sharpness angle of 15 degree required the lowest maximum splitting force. Roughnesses of surfaces developed during planing and sawing of bamboo were lower than those of Pinus radiata D. Don and quality of ripped surface was better than that of cross-cut surface on bamboo. 62.5 hours were required to dry 12mm-thick Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel from moisture content of 60% to moisture content of 10% at $70^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.38 no.3 s.116
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• pp.29-37
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• 2006

To use bamboo in the pulp industry, the anatomical characteristics of 60-day-old, 1-year-old, 2-year-old, and 3-year-old moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel), and the characteristics of fiber and sheet of alkali pulp made of moso bamboo were investigated. Moso bamboo is composed of metaxylens and parenchyma cells in the inner part of the wall, and thick-walled small bundle sheathes near the outer walls. Moso bamboo showed the heterogeneity in anatomical structure. The longest fibers were shown in the middle part, and the widest width in the inner part. The lignin contents were 14.4% in 60-day-old bamboo, which was not lignified yet. The lignin contents in bamboo above 1 year were approximately 35%. The yields of alkali pulp of moso bamboo were in the range between 41 and 47%, and the yields tend to decrease with the increase of ages. The lignin contents of 60-day-old bamboo were 2.1% and those of bamboo above 1 year showed approximately 4% to 5% increment. The length, width, and curl index of fiber in alkali pulp appeared to be similar in all ages. However, coarseness increased slightly with the increase of bamboo ages. The distribution of long fiber was shown much in 60-year-old bamboo. The optical and mechanical properties of moso bamboo tended to decrease with the increase of bamboo age.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.141-141
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• 2002

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.1
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• pp.108-114
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• 2022

In bamboo, the nutrient status of tissues and associated soil is an important indicator of nutrient uptake by various bamboo species. In this study, the nutrient concentrations of leaves, roots, and mineral soil at 0-10 cm depths were examined in three bamboo stands [Phyllostachys bambusoides S ieb. et Zucc, Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis Stapf ex. Rendle, and Phyllostachys pubescens (Mazel) Ohwi] at a broad regional scale in southern Korea. In the three bamboo species, species-specific differences were observed in the carbon (C) and calcium (Ca) concentrations of leaves and in the nitrogen (N) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations of roots. Ca concentrations in leaves were significantly higher in P. bambusoides (11.94 g Ca kg^-1) than in P. pubescens (7.83 g Ca kg^-1), whereas potassium (K) concentrations were lowest in P. bambusoides among the three bamboo species. N concentrations in the roots were significantly lower in P. pubescens (5.23 g N kg^-1) than in P. nigra var. henonis (7.72 g N kg^-1). In contrast to bamboo tissues, soil nutrients, such as total N, organic C, exchangeable Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺, did not differ significantly among the bamboo species. These results suggest that species-specific practices will be required for nutrient management of bamboo stands because nutrient concentrations vary considerably in the tissues of the three studied species.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.649-661
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• 2020

This study examined the laxative effects of hot-water extracts of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (HD), Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel (PM), and a 2:8 mixture of both (HP) in two chronic constipation models. For the loperamide-induced constipation model, animals were divided into an untreated group, negative control group (loperamide 4 mg/kg), positive control group (bisacodyl 4 mg/kg) group, and six treatment groups (HP 100 or 400, HD 50 or 100, and PM 100 or 400 mg/kg). For the low-fiber diet-induced constipation model, animals were divided into an untreated group (normal diet), negative control group (low-fiber diet), positive control group (Agio granule, 620 mg/kg), and the same treatment groups. Fecal number, weight, fecal water content, and intestinal transit ratio were higher in the groups treated with HP, HD, and PM than in the groups treated with loperamide or low-fiber diet. Thickness of colon mucosa and muscle layers were increased in the treated groups. Colon tension increased in the HP groups, and [Ca²⁺]i measurements using fura-2 as an indicator showed that HP inhibits ATP-mediated Ca²⁺ influx in IEC-18 cells. These results showed that the HP mixture has laxative activity by increased mucin secretion and inducing contractile activity and relaxation. It may be a useful therapeutic strategy for ameliorating in chronic constipation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.4
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• pp.622-629
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• 2022

The study aim was to derive a stem taper equation for Phyllostachys pubescens, a type of bamboo in South Korea, and to develop a stem volume table. To derive the stem taper equation, three stem taper models (Max & Burkhart, Kozak, and Lee) were used. Since bamboo stalks are hollow because of its woody characteristics, the outer and inner diameters of the tree were calculated, and connecting them enabled estimating the tree curves. The results of the three equations for estimating the outer and inner diameters led to selection of the Kozak model for determining the optimal stem taper because it had the highest fitness index and lowest error and bias. We used the Kozak model to estimate the diameter of Phyllostachys pubescens by stem height, which proved optimal, and drew the stem curve. After checking the residual degree in the stem taper equation, all residuals were distributed around "0", which proved the suitability of the equation. To calculate the stem volume of Phyllostachys pubescens, a rotating cube was created by rotating the stem curve with the outer diameter at 360°, and the volume was calculated by applying Smalian's method. The volume of Phyllostachys pubescens was calculated by deducting the inner diameter calculated volume from the outer diameter calculated volume. The volume of Phyllostachys pubescens was only 20~30% of the volume of Larix kaempferi, which is a general species. However, considering the current trees/ha of Phyllostachys pubescens and the amount of bamboo shoots generated every year, the individual tree volume was predicted to be small, but the volume/ha was not very different or perhaps more. The significance of this study is the stem taper equation and stem volume table for Phyllostachys pubescens developed for the first time in South Korea. The results are expected to be used as basic data for bamboo trading that is in increasing public and industrial demand and carbon absorption estimation.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2010

To obtain the basic information for the use of bamboo, the anatomical characteristics of moso bamboo shoots, and 20-day-old, 60-day-old, one-year-old, and two-year-old moso bamboo were observed by using polarizing microscope. The cross section showed that the bamboo shoots consists of the early stage of cell formation, atactostele, parenchyma, and bundle sheath was formed in 20-day-old moso bamboo, and all cells completely formed in 60-day-old moso bamboo. The tissues in one-year-old moso bamboo appeared to be completely matured. On the tangential surface, no atactostele was observed in the bamboo shoot, but metaxylem, parenchyma, and bundle sheath were found. atactostele and parenchyma appeared to be formed between 20 and 60 days. All tissues and cells were totally formed and the cell wall of parenchyma were completely matured after one year. The metaxylem in bamboo shoots was observed to have pits, which means that it could be the tissues first formed of all bamboo cells.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.225-229
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• 2006

This study was conducted to screen herbicidal activity of Korean native plants which could be used for the development of new natural herbicides. Fifty-five plants were collected from Wan and Jeju islands in Korea and their methanol extracts were obtained. Herbicidal activity of methanol extracts were determined by seed bioassay using rape (Brassica napus L.) seedlings. Among fifty-five species, five plants were highly herbicidal ($GR_{50}$ < 1,000 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$): Clematis apiifolia A. P. DC.; (811 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$), Euscaphis japonica (THUNB.) KANITZ (867 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$), Hibiscus mutabilis L. (988 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$), Phyllostachys pubescens MAZEL (778 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$), Yucca recurvifolia (857 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$). Twenty-seven plants were shown moderately herbicidal (1,000 < $GR_{50}$ < 2,000 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$), however, twenty-three plants were not shown any herbicidal activity.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 2011

Chemical composition and contents of carbohydrates, lignin, and extractives in Moso(Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel), Henon(Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis Stapf ex. Rendle), and Timber bamboo(Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc.) known as economically valuable bamboo species in Korea were analyzed as a function of ages. All of tested bamboo species were composed of fucose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose, xylose, and mannose. Glucose was the sugar which showed the highest content followed by xylose. The contents of others were below 3%. Sugar contents of bamboo shoots showed the lowest among the tested bamboo samples, and the constant rates were shown after 50 days of growth. Lignin content increased by the growth of one year, and the increasing rates tended to be constant after the growth of three years. Bamboo shoots have the highest contents of acid-soluble lignin, which turned into insoluble lignin after the growth of 50 days. Bamboo shoots showed the highest content of extractives and tend to be decreased by the growth of 50 days and then the content increased slowly in proportion to the period of bamboo growth. No relationship was found between species and chemical composition of bamboo. However, there were significant difference in chemical composition between bamboo shoots and 50-day old bamboo.