• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.6B
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• pp.345-354
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• 2012

The main objective of this study is evaluating experimentally roughness coefficients of the Korean riparian vegetations based on the n-VR analysis to suggest the practical guideline for Manning's roughness coefficients for the channel design. Hydraulic experiments were conducted for Phragmites japonica Steud., Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Benth., and Phragmites communis Trin. under both submerged and un-submerged conditions, and the n-VR relationships are developed for each grass. Three vegetations tested in this study can be considered as same group showing similar roughness characteristics, though these grasses are strongly affected by vegetation stiffness. Vegetation roughness are also affected by the growth state of plants according to experimental results of Phragmites communis Trin.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.335-339
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• 2001

The dynamic model was developed to simulate the photosynthetic rate of Phragmites communis stands in coastal ecosystem. The model was composed of the compartments of both climatic and biological variables. The former were photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD), daily maximum- and minimum-temperature. The latter were combinations of the specific physiological responses of plant organs with the biomass of each organs. The PPFD and air temperature were calculated and using those values, gas exchange rate of each plant organ was calculated at every hour. The carbon budget was constructed using the modelled predictions. Analysis of annual productivity and fluxes showed that yearly gross population productivity, yearly population respiration and yearly net population productivity were 33.4, 21.3 and 12.1 $CO_2ton{\cdot}ha^{-2}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, respectively. The final result was tested over two stands, produced promising predictions with regards to the levels of production attained. The model can be used to determine production potential under given climatic conditions and could even be applied to plant canopies with analogous biological characteristics.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2006

Phragmites australis (reed) has received much attention as being one of the principle emergent aquatic plants for treating industrial and civil wastewater. Plant regeneration via plant tissue culture in p. australis was investigated. Three types of callus were identified from seeds on N6 medium plus 4.5 UM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Yellow compact type showed the best redifferentiation, whereas white compact type and yellow friable were not competent to differentiate into plane. Solid medium culture was better than liquid suspension culture for enhancing callus growth when N6 medium supplemented with 4.5 ${\mu}M$ 2,4-D was used. Phytagel, as a gelling agent, was superior to agar in plant regeneration on N6 medium, supplemented with 9.4 ${\mu}M$ kinetin and 0.54 ${\mu}M$ $\alpha$-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Transfer of the plantlets regenerated from kinetin and NAA-supplemented N6 medium to growth regulator-free MS medium enhanced the further development of the plantlets. Plantlets on subsequently grown to maturity when tansferred to potting soil. The regenerated plants exhibited morphologically normal. The system for plant regeneration of P. australis enables to propagate elite lines on a large scale for water purification in the ecosystem

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate a validation method for determination of tricin in Phragmites communis ears. Tricin was isolated with chromatographic methods and used as the standard substances for quantitative analysis. The structural determination was characterized by comparing their NMR spectral data with values reported in the literature. For validation, the specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, detection limits, and quantification limits of tricin was measured by HPLC. The results show that the specificity was satisfied with retention time and diode array detector (DAD) spectrum by analysis of tricin using HPLC. The limits of detection (LOD) for tricin was 0.84 mg/ml. Recovery of tricin was 98.80~108.22% with R.S.D values less than 2%. Intra-day and inter-day precisions of tricin in P. communis ears were 99.96~100.96% and 99.01~100.40%, respectively. Therefore, application of tricin was validated by an analytical method as major compound in P. communis ears.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.84-91
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• 2001

This study was carried out to develop the technology of artificial floating island for the wild-life habitat at the reservoir of Korea University farm near Seoul. After the execution of an artificial floating island with 6 cells(each $3{\times}3m$), each cell was planted with 5 different species and one mixed of them, to the reservoir in 1999 through 2000. The monitored results were as follows; 1. Typha orientalis, Zizania latifolia and Oenanthe japonica were died back, but Phragmites communis, Phragmites japonica and Juncus effusus var. decipiens were well growing. 2. The limits of sinking water depth of the planting foundation were different with the plant species, that is, 40cm to the Juncus effusus var. dicipiens and 50cm to Phragmites communis. Accordingly the water depth should be kept differently with each species. 3. 33 species of fauna were monitored in the first year(1999) and 43 species in the second (2000) increasingly. 4. For the more wild-lives inducing to the artificial floating island, establishing the eco-corridor from the surrounding environment was needed.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the removal rate of sulphur of the litters in the Phragmites communsis, Seirpus tabernaemontani, Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Typha angustata aquatic grassland ecosystem on the lake Paldangho. The annual litter productions of sulphur were 50.91 /$m^2$, in P. communis, 180.83 g /$m^2$, in S. tabernaemontani, 25.87 g /$m^2$, in M. sacchariflorus and 151.39 g /$m^2$, in T. angustata, respectively. The removal rates r, of sulphur in the litters were 0.86 in P. communis, 0.82 in S. tabernaemontani, 0.43 in M. sacchariflorus and 0.47 in T. angustata respectively, The times required to reach 50, 95 and 99 percent of the steady state levels and turnover values of sulphur on the grass-land floor were 0.81, 3.49 and 5.82 years in the P. communis, 0.85, 3.68 and 6.13 years in the S. tabernaemontani, 1.62, 7.00 and 11.67 years in the M. sacchariflorus and 1.49, 6.44 and 10.73 years in the T. angustata, It is considered that the high removal rates of sulphur in four grasslands of aquatic ecosystem contribute to the efficient removal of sulphur, a pollutant, at the lake Paldangho. Key words: Removal rate, Accmulation, Paldaugho, Sulphur, Phragmites communis, Miscanthus saechariflorus, Seirpus tabernaemontani, Typha angastata.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 2002

Wetland areas have characteristics of dynamic cycling of materials in relation to land and water. Although having great potential for providing unique natural environments, they are vulnurable to human land use activities and some places are in danger of being eliminated. This study had an objective of investigating vegetation changes in Ilwol reservoir to provide basic information for the preservation and ecological restoration of the wetland area. Wetland vegetation was investigated along with the site conditions which may affect the vegetation development. There were 10 vegetation types with various species composition. Humulus japonicus, Zizania latifolia, Phragmites japonica, Bidens frondosa, Typha orientalis, Scirpus tabernaemontari, Phragmites communis, Persicaria thunbergii were the major wetland plants found at the reservoir area. Precipitation and water level were the elements mostly affecting the distribution of the plants. Phragmites japonica was closest to the water front, followed by Zizania latifolia, Humulus japonicus and Bidens frondosa. Most plant zones were predominated by one or a few species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.57-69
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• 2011

This study examined the relationship between Phragmites australis' growth and sediment properties at mud tidal flat of Donggum-ri, Gilsang-myeon, Gangwha-gun, Incheon city. Field survey was carried out from May, 2010 to October, 2010. Water content, soil texture, electric conductivity and water table depth for sediment, density, height, dry weight and flowering for P. australis were examined at several plots from the starting point (the coastal embankment) to the end point of the two populations. The result was as follows. Firstly, the water table increased along distance from the embankment at one line (N-line) but was similar at the other line (S-line) in a P. asustralis population. Water tables were higher out of than within a P. australis population at two populations. Secondary, in N-line, the height and dry weight of P. australis decreased along the distance from embankment but, in S-line, those were similar in its population. P. australis' growth was dependent on electric conductivity at lower layer (water table level) rather than upper one (the surface). Thirdly, density of P. australis changed during growing season and was similar in a population, except for the end point of patch. In summary, the growth and distribution of P. australis were dependent on salt content of tidal flat's sediment (water table level) and this was affected by fresh water of the inland.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.63-74
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• 2010

In this study, wetlands and forest vegetation surrounding rail, road of DMZ area and Civilian Control Line were studied as follows: Plant communities hierarchical system of forest vegetation classified according to the results of phytosociological methods of Braun-Blanquet (1964) as; Quercus mongolica community, Quercus mongolica-Quercus variabilis community and Quercus acutissima -Quercus mongolica community. Wetland vegetation major communities; Scirpus wichurae community, Scirpus fluviatilis community, Juncus effusus var. decipiens community, Typha orientalis community, Typha angustata community, Juncus alatus community, Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Phragmites communis-Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Hragmites communis community, Phragmites communis-Alnus japonica community, Alnus japonica community, Phragmites japonica community, Salix koreensis community, Prunus padus community, Alnus japonica community, Zizania latifolia community and Amorpha fruticosa community were surveyed. Coastal sand dune vegetation in a DMZ area and the Civilian Control Line was mainly characterized by; Carex pumila, Elymus mollis, Carex kobomugi, Rosa rugosa, Calystegia soldanella, Lathyrus japonica and Aster hispidus, species that are of typically sand dune vegetation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.459-465
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• 1999

This work focused on the effects of the timing and the frequency of shoot cutting to maximize the productivity and the nutrient removal of three emergent macrophytes, Phragmites communis, Zizania latifolia and Typha angustifolia in natural wetlands. Shoot cutting significantly enhanced biomass production and resulted in more nitrogen and phosphorus removal from water in these three experimental species, compared to those of control. However, the frequency and the timing of shoot cutting, and the enhancement ratio were different among three species. For Phragmites stands, the highest productivity was 1.9 times of control in June treatment of the first year experiment, while 1.3 times in May treatment of the second year experiment. Zizania and Typha stands were both 1.2 times of control in August treatment and June and August treatment. Calculating the total annual removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus based on the highest productivities among treatments, in Phragmites stands, 2.0 times of nitrogen and 1.8 times of phosphorus were removed in the first year, and both 1.4 times in the second year experiment. Likewise, for nitrogen and phosphorus; 2.4 and L.8 times in Zizania stands, and 1.8 and 1.9 times in Typha stands were removed. Overall, these results suggested that cutting treatment of shoots be effective. Thus, shoot cutting of two times during a growing season were recommended to maximize the effects: that is, in May or June, and October for Phragmites stands, and in August and October fur Zizania and Typha stands.