• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.11-29
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• 1988

온도 및 광도가 인삼의 광합성 및 호흡에 미친 영향을 검토하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 온도 및 광도와 인삼잎의 광합성간에는 고도로 유의한 2차곡선회귀가 인정되었으며 광합성에 대한 온도와 광도의 효과간에는 고도로 유의한 교호작용이 인정되었다. 2. 광도의 상승에 따르는 광합성 증가율은 온도가 높아질수록 현저한 감소를 보였고 광보상점은 온도에 따라 현저한 차이를 보였으며 각 온도의 평균 광보상점은 약 600lux였다. 그리고 고려인삼의 경우 최대광합성온도는 $15^{\circ}C$ 및 $20^{\circ}C$에서는 11,000lux였고 $25^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 9,500lux내외였다. 3. 온도의 상승에 따르는 광합성의 감소율은 광도를 높일수록 현저히 크게 나타났으며 광합성 최적온도는 15~$22^{\circ}C$로서 광도를 높일수록 최적온도는 현저히 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 4. 투광율 15% 일복하에서 생육한 잎의 광합성량이 가장 높았고 5% 투광율에 비해 30% 투광율에서 생육된 잎의 호흡량이 현저히 많았으며 또한 온도가 높을수록 호흡량은 현저히 증가되었다. 5. 호흡율은 고온에서 높았고 광도가 높을수록 낮아졌으며 일복하의 투광율이 높아질수록 현저히 증가되었다. 6. 일중 최대 $CO_2$ 흡수는 5% 및 15% 투광일복하에서 오전 9시 그리고 20% 투광일복하에서는 오전 7~9시경에 일어났으며 투광율이 높은 일복하에서 $CO_2$ 흡입 기간은 현저히 길었다. 7. 인삼잎의 광합성에 있어서 $CO_2$ 보상점은 130ppm이었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.236-239
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• 1993

We studied the chloroplast rearrangement, short-term regulation depending on the light conditions in plants, and the characteristic of photosynthic rate as affected by in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. The chloroplast rearrangement of ginseng mesophyll cell was induced with the irradiation of blue light (400~500 nm) and through this process the rate of leaf transmittance increased 5~7.5%. The time to reach the maximum value of photosynthesis was shorter above 20 minutes with the blue light irradiation than that of the red light.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 1999

Photosynthesis and transpiration rates were simultaneously measured in attached sunflower leaves(Helianthus annuusL. cv. Russian Mammoth) during exposure to $NO_2$ and $O_3$ to determine the effect of mixed gan on photosynthesis and the stomatal aperture. The application of $O_3$ alone reduced both the net photosynthetic and transpiration rates. An analysis of the $CO_2$ diffusive resistances indicated that the main cause affecting photosynthesis reduction during $O_3$ exposure was not the internal gas phase of the leaf $(rCO_2^{liq})$ but rather the liquid phase or mesophyll diffusive resistance $(rCO_2^{liq})$, suggesting that there is a very concomitant relation between photosynthetic reduction and $rCO_2^{liq}$. The application of NO2 alone caused a marked reduction of the net photosynthesis yet no significant reduction of transpiration, indicating that NO2 affects the $CO_2$ fixation processes with no inluence on the stomatal aperture. A greter reduction in the photosynthesis of sunflower plants was caused by the application of $NO_2$ alone as compared to a combination of $NO_2$ and $O_3$. $NO_2$ alone reduced the photosynthetic rate by 90%, whereas a mixture of NO2 and O3 reduced it by 50%.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.1050-1062
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• 2012

Concepts of science have been developed by occupying 'ecological niche' within conceptual ecology. The ecological niche is determined from the mutual effect between intellectual environmental of the learner and new concept, which few studies have been conducted. This study examined how the ecological niche of the concept of photosynthesis in $7^{th}$ grade is changed by instruction. The ecological niche was analyzed using 2 methods: (1) the change in the diversity of concepts, and (2) the change in the proximity of concepts based on the frequency and the relativeness score of the concepts. The concept of photosynthesis was analyzed in the 4 domains in the place of photosynthesis, products of photosynthesis, reactants of photosynthesis, and environmental factors. The results of this study are as follows: (1) reduced diversity of concepts, (2) increased frequency and relativeness score of the scientific concepts, and (3) increased proximity of the scientific concepts by instruction. With these results, the mutual effects of the concepts within the conceptual ecology have become active by class to differentiate the relationships between the concepts, which accordingly displayed their changes in status.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.195-199
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• 1995

대두(大豆) 수량(收量)이 우수한 은하(銀河), 방사(放射), 팔달(八達) 재배품종(栽培品種)을 광합성활성폭사선(光合成活性幅射線) ((PAR) 범위(範圍)에서 5본엽기(本葉期)($V_5$)에 엽온(葉溫)을 달리하여 광합성속도(光合成速度)와 호흡속도(呼吸速度)의 변화를 측정하였고, 품종별(品種別) 엽(葉)의 특성인 비엽중(比葉重)(SLW), 엽녹소함양(葉綠素含量)과 광합성(光合成)과의 관계를 조사한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. $25^{\circ}C$에서 순광합성속도(純光合成速度)(Net Photosynthesis)는 은하(銀河) $21.5mgdm^{-2}h^{-1}$, 방사(放射) $20.2mgdm^{-2}h^h{-1}$, 팔달(八達) $18.5mgdm^{-2}h^{-1}$이었다. 2. 전품종(全品種) 모두 엽온(葉溫) $25^{\circ}C$에서 광합성속도(光合成速度)가 가장 높았고 은하(銀河) 품종(品種)이 우수(優秀)했으며, 엽형(葉型)은 은하(銀河) (Long) > 방사(放射)(Oval) > 팔달(八達)(Round) 순서였다. 3. 엽(葉)의 호흡연도(呼吸連度)는 은하(銀河), 방사(放射), 팔달(八達)에서 $15^{\circ}$ $0.56mgdm^{-2}h^{-1}$, $20^{\circ}C$ $0.79mgdm^{-2}h^{-1}$, $25^{\circ}$ $1,15mgdm^{-2}h^{-1}$, $30^{\circ}C$ $1.37mgdm^{-2}h^{-1}$였다. 4. 비엽중(比葉重)은 방사(放射)가 $3.1mg/cm^2$이었고, 은하(銀河)와 팔달(八達)은 $3.5mg/cm^2$이었으며 비엽중(比葉重)과 광합성(光合成)과는 유의성(有意性)이 인정되지 않았다. 5. 엽녹소(葉綠素) 함량(含量)은 은하(銀河)가 $2.48{\mu}g/gF.W.$으로 가장 높았고, 방사(放射)가 $2.19{\mu}g/gF.W.$이었고 팔달(八達)이 $1.67{\mu}g/gF.W.$로 가장 낮았으며 엽록소(葉綠素) 함량(含量)과 광합성(光合成)과는 유의성(有意性)이 인정되었다. 6. 광보상점(光補償點)은 $15^{\circ}C$에서는 $10{\mu}Em^{-2}s^{-1}$로 모두 같았으나, $20^{\circ}C$에서 은하(銀河)는 $12{\mu}Em^{-2}s^{-1}$이었고, 방사(放射)와 팔달(八達)은 $13{\mu}Em^{-2}s^{-1}$이었다. $25^{\circ}C$에서는 은하(銀河)와 방사(放射)가 $16{\mu}Em^{-2}s^{-1}$이었지만 팔달은 $18{\mu}$m^{-2}s^{-1}$이었고, $30^{\circ}C$에서는 은하(銀河)와 방사(放射)가 $22{\mu}Em^{-2}s^{-1}$이었지만, 팔달은 $23{\mu}Em^{-2}s^{-1}$이었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 1988

일복개량의 일환으로 일복의 피복재선택을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 적색광, 청색광 및 백색광하에서 미국인삼(Panax quinquefolin L.)의 광합성을 측정하였다. 광질별 광합성량은 전반적으로 적색과, 백색광 및 청색광 순으로 많았으며 그 광합성량의 차이는 조도가 증가할수록 감소되었다. 따라서 일복의 피복물 색상은 적색으로 하는 것이 인삼(미국인삼) 생육에 유이할 것임을 시사되었다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제22권E2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2006

Two tobacco cultivars (Nicotiana tabacum L.), Bel-B and Bel-W3, tolerant and sensitive to ozone, respectively, were grown in a greenhouse supplied with charcoal filtered air and exposed to 200 ppb ozone for 4 hr. Effects on chlorophyll fluorescence, net photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance are described. Quantum yield was calculated from chlorophyll fluorescence and the initial slope of the assimilation-light curve measured by the gas exchange method. Only the sensitive cultivar, Bel-W3, developed visual injury symptoms on up to 50% of the $5^{th}$ leaf. The maximum net photosynthetic rate of ozone-treated plants was reduced 40% compared to control plants immediately after ozone fumigation in the tolerant cultivar; however, photosynthesis recovered by 24 hr post fumigation and remained at the same level as control plants. On the other hand, ozone exposure reduced maximum net photosynthesis up to 50%, with no recovery, in the sensitive cultivar apparently causing permanent damage to the photosystem. Reductions in apparent quantum efficiency, calculated from the assimilation-light curve, differed between cultivars. Bel-B showed an immediate depression of 14% compared to controls, whereas, Bel-W3 showed a 27% decline. Electron transport rate (ETR), at saturating light intensity, decreased 58% and 80% immediately after ozone treatment in Bel-B and Bel-W3, respectively. Quantum yield decreased 28% and 36% in Bel-B and Bel-W3, respectively. It can be concluded that ozone caused a greater relative decrease in linear electron transport than maximum net photosynthesis, suggesting greater damage to PSII than the carbon reduction cycle.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.175-179
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• 1997

To explanin allopatric distribution of Carpinus cordata and C. laxiflora in the field the effect of soil flooding on photosynthesis and water relations was tested with field grown saplings. Under the flooding condition stomatal conductance of C. laxiflora decreased markedly from day two after flooding treatment and remanined low throughout the experiment. In contrast, flooding had no effect on stomatal conductance of C. cordata throughout the exper iment. The rate of photosynthesis of C. laxiflora was significantly suppressed under flooding conditions, whereas that of C. cordata was not affected in the flooded condition. On day seven after flooding treatment xylem pressure potential of C. laxiflora significantly decreased. Flooding, however, did not have any effect on the xylem pressure potential of C. cordata throughout the experiment. From these findings it is concluded that there is a difference in resistance to flooding between C. cordata and C. laxiflora and that one of the the factors responsible for allopatric distribution in the two species is flooding.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.326-331
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• 2018

작물 생육 모델은 작물의 생육을 이해하고 통합하기 위해 유용한 도구이다. 완전제어형 식물공장에서 엽채류로 활용하기 위한 퀴노아(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)의 초장, 광합성률, 생장 모델을 예측하기 위한 모델을 1차식, 2차식 및 비선형 및 선형지수 등식을 사용하여 개발하였다. 식물 생육과 수량은 정식 후 5일간격으로 측정하였다. 광합성과 생장 곡선 모델을 계산하였다. 초장과 정식 후 일수(DAT)간의 선형 및 곡선 관계를 얻었으나, 초장을 정확하게 예측하기 위한 모델은 선형 등식이었다. 광합성률 모델을 비선형 등식을 선택하였다. 광보상점, 광포화점, 및 호흡률은 각각 29, 813 and $3.4{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$였다. 지상부 생체중과 건물중은 선형관계를 보였다. 지상부 건물중의 회귀계수는 0.75 ($R^2=0.921^{***}$)였다. 선형지수 수식을 사용하여 시간 함수에 따른 퀴노아의 지상부 건물중 증가를 비선형 회귀식으로 수행하였다. 작물생장률과 상대생장률은 각각 $22.9g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$ and $0.28g{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$였다. 이러한 모델들은 정확하게 퀴노아의 초장, 광합성률, 지상부 생체중과 건물중을 예측할 수 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.601-608
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• 2017

The effects of elevated atmospheric $CO_2$ on growth and photosynthesis of soybean (Glycine max Merr.) were investigated to predict its productivity under elevated $CO_2$ levels in the future. Soybean grown for 6 weeks showed significant increase in vegetative growth, based on plant height, leaf characteristics (area, length, and width), and the SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter value (SPAD value) under elevated $CO_2$ conditions ($800{\mu}mol/mol$) compared to ambient $CO_2$ conditions ($400{\mu}mol/mol$). Under elevated $CO_2$ conditions, the photosynthetic rate (A) increased although photosystem II (PS II) photochemical activity ($F_v/F_m$) decreased. The maximum photosynthetic rate ($A_{max}$) was higher under elevated $CO_2$ conditions than under ambient $CO_2$ conditions, whereas the maximum electron transport rate ($J_{max}$) was lower under elevated $CO_2$ conditions compared to ambient $CO_2$ conditions. The optimal temperature for photosynthesis shifted significantly by approximately $3^{\circ}C$ under the elevated $CO_2$ conditions. With the increase in temperature, the photosynthetic rate increased below the optimal temperature (approximately $30^{\circ}C$) and decreased above the optimal temperature, whereas the dark respiration rate ($R_d$) increased continuously regardless of the optimal temperature. The difference in photosynthetic rate between ambient and elevated $CO_2$ conditions was greatest near the optimal temperature. These results indicate that future increases in $CO_2$ will increase productivity by increasing the photosynthetic rate, although it may cause damage to the PS II reaction center as suggested by decreases in $F_v/F_m$, in soybean.