• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.446-456
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• 2000

Laser induced photoacoustic, fluorescence, and photon correlation spectroscopies were applied to the chemical characterization of radionuclides in connection with the radiowaste treatment and disposal. Their measuring principles and systems were briefly described together with their advantages over conventional spectroscopies. Also, other applications of lasers are introduced. Laser induced photoacoustic spectra were measured for a P $r^{3+}$ solution with a very low molar absorptivity. The detection sensitivity was 4.3 $\times$10$^{-5}$ c $m^{1}$ and was 100 times better than that of a UV/VIS spectrophotometer. The Eu(III) excitation spectra($^{7}$ $F_{0}$ longrightarrow $^{5}$ $D_{0}$ transition) were measured for Eu(III)-phthalate complexes using laser fluorescence spectroscopy, showing that only two species, 1:1 and 1:2 complexes, are present in the Eu(III)-phthalic acid system. The size and size distribution for colloidal humic acids and Eu(III)-humate colloids was determined using photon correlation spectroscopy. The presence of Eu(III) enhanced the aggregation of humic acids.s.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 1990년도 제5회 파동 및 레이저 학술발표회 5th Conference on Waves and lasers 논문집 - 한국광학회
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• pp.91-94
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• 1990

헬름홀쯔 공명기에서 광음향 셀과 광음향 신호의 특성을 고찰하였고, CO2 농도에 따른 광음향 신호를 측정한 결과 2.4 ppm의 CO2를 검출하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.2615-2620
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• 2014

Ni/$La_2O_3$ with a high dispersion was prepared by reduction of $La_2O_3$ perovskite oxide to examine the catalytic activity for the $CO_2-CH_4$ reaction. The Ni/$La_2O_3$ catalyst was found to be highly active for the reaction. The ratios of $H_2$/CO were measured in a flow of the reaction mixture containing $CO_2/CH_4$/Ar using an on-line gas chromatography system operated at 1 atm and found to be varied with temperature between 0.66 and 1 in the temperature range of $500-800^{\circ}C$. A kinetic study of the catalytic reaction was performed in a static reactor at 40 Torr total pressure of $CO_2/CH_4/N_2$ by using a photoacoustic spectroscopy technique. The $CO_2$ photoacoustic signal varying with the concentration of $CO_2$ during the catalytic reaction was recorded as a function of time. Rates of $CO_2$ disappearance in the temperature range of $550-700^{\circ}C$ were obtained from the changes in the $CO_2$ photoacoustic signal at early reaction stage. The plot of ln rate vs. 1/T showed linear lines below and above $610^{\circ}C$. Apparent activation energies were determined to be 10.4 kcal/mol in the temperature range of $550-610^{\circ}C$ and 14.6 kcal/mol in the temperature range of $610-700^{\circ}C$. From the initial rates measured at $640^{\circ}C$ under various partial pressures of $CO_2$ and $CH_4$, the reaction orders were determined to be 0.43 with respect to $CO_2$ and 0.33 with respect to $CH_4$. The kinetic results were compared with those reported previously and used to infer a reaction mechanism for the Ni/$La_2O_3$-catalyzed $CO_2-CH_4$ reaction.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.2431-2438
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 휴대용 유중가스 분석기에 대해 연구 및 개발 하였다. 제안된 휴대용 유중가스 분석기는 전력기기로부터 절연유 내의 소량의 가스를 추출하여 비정상적인 열적 정보를 얻어 분석하는데 유용하게 쓰인다. 분석된 정보로부터 전력기기의 안정성을 평가할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 고가의 시설기반의 고정형 유중 가스 분석기를 사용함으로써 발생되는 직간접적인 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 광음향 분광법 기반의 소형화된 휴대용 유중가스 분석기를 제안하고 실험적으로 검토하였다. 제안된 휴대용 유중 가스 분석기는 사용하기 편하고 실시간으로 전력기기의 열적 정보를 분석할 수 있다. 제안된 휴대용 유중가스 분석기가 현재의 전력기기 유중가스 분석에 사용된다면, 전력기기의 유중가스 분석주기를 줄임으로써 안정성을 향상 시키고 열적 이상 정보에 대하여 긴밀하게 대응할 수 있다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제41권7호
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• pp.329-336
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• 1997

광음향 분광법을 이용하여 GaAs와 Si 반도체에서 운반자 운송특성을 연구하고 열확산도를 측정하였다. 변조주파수에 따른 반도체에 광음향신호와 위상으로부터 반도체에서의 운반자 특성이 낮은 주파수영역에서는 주로 순간적인 열원에 의하며, 높은 주파수영역에서는 비방사 벌크재결합과 비방사 표면재결합에 의한 효과임을 관찰하였다. GaAs와 같은 직접전이 밴드갭을 갖는 반도체의 경우 위의 세가지 광음향효과를 모두 나타내는 반면, Si과 같은 간접전이 밴드갭을 갖는 반도체의 경우 순간적인 열원에 의한 효과와 비방사 벌크재결합에 의한 효과만을 볼 수 있었다. 이러한 효과로 변조주파수에 따른 광음향신호의 위상에서 GaAs 반도체는 극소값을 보이는 반면 Si 반도체에서는 단조감소하는 것을 관찰할 수 있다. 아울러 광음향신호로부터 반도체 시료의 열확산도 ${\alpha}_s$는 GaAs의 경우 0.35 $\textrm{cm}^2/s$ 이고 Si의 경우 1.24 $\textrm{cm}^2/s$ 를 얻었다. 또한 광음향신호의 위상을 curve fitting하여 열확산도를 측정한 결과 광음향신호로부터 구한 값과 유사한 열확산도를 구할 수 있었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.574-578
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• 1993

Laser-induced photoacoustic spectroscopy (LIPAS), which utilizes the photothermal effect that results from nonradiative relaxation of excited state molecules, was used in the speciation analysis of the complexes of neodymium(III) and water soluble synthetic polyelectrolyte, poly methacrylic acid (PMAA), in 0.1 M $NaClO_4$ at pH of 6.0. The minimum detection limit of Nd(III) by LIPAS was $5.O{\times}10^{-6}$ M. Experiment was carried out at low concentration ratio of Nd(III) to PMAA to assure that 1 : 1 complexes predominate. The bound and free Nd(III) species were characterized by measuring nonradiative relaxation energy of the excited states $(^2GM{7/2}\;and\;^4G_{5/2})$ to the metastable state $(^4G_{3/2})$. Two species were quantified by deconvolution of the mixed spectrum using their respective reference spectra. The conditional stability constant measured by LIPAS was 5.52 L$mol^{-1}$.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.114-127
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• 2012

Recent technical advancement allows noninvasive measurement of blood glucose. In this literature, we reviewed various noninvasive techniques for measuring glucose concentration. Optical or electrical methods have been investigated. Optical techniques include near-infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, optical coherence technique, polarization, fluorescence, occlusion spectroscopy, and photoacoustic spectroscopy. Electrical methods include reverse iontophoresis, impedance spectroscopy, and electromagnetic sensing. Ultrasound, detection from breath, or fluid harvesting technique can be used to measure blood glucose level. Combination of various methods is also promising. Although there are many interesting and promising technologies and devices, there need further researches until a commercially available non-invasive glucometer is popular.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1984년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.27-32
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• 1984

When chopped light inpinges on some condenced matters such as HgS, HgI2 and GaSe semiconductors, in an enclosed cell, the acoustic signals are produced within the cell. These acoustic signals were detected by using a gas-phase microphone in order to investigate the physical properties of the samples. In order to carry out investigation, PA-cell was first designed and made so as to produce higher sensitivity to acoustic signals. Second, an analysis of the photoacoustic spectrum of the various compounds was carried out to obtain the intensity of the PA-signal in terms of light wavelength and to calculate the energy band gaps occuring according to energy transitions. The agreement between the results obtained by this conventional PAS technique and the results obtained by the optical spectrum method was good. In additional analysis conducted on the basis of the R-G theory and the Sze theory are capable of determining the characteristics of energy transition of semiconductors.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.715-719
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• 1999

The incorporation of cobalt into mesoporous molecular sieves MCM-41 and MCM-48 was carried out. Co-PO/MCM41 and Co-PO/MCM48 were prepared using Co(II) acetate solution adjusted to pH = 3.0 with phosphoric acid by the incipient wetness method. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) was used to study the local environments of Co(II) incorporated into mesopores. The band around 500 nm in PAS of as-prepared Co-PO/MCM41 and Co-PO/MCM48 with Co(II) acetate solution was changed to triplet bands around 600 nm. This could be assigned to the 4 A2(F)-> 4T1(P) transition of Co(II) surrounded tetrahedrally by oxygen ions after calcination. It may be attributable to that the octahedral cobalt species containing phosphate ligands in coordination sphere reacting with framework's silanol groups to be dispersed atomically onto the surface of mesoporous molecular sieves as a tetrahedral species. This is unlike that the Co in Co-Cl/MCM41 and direct-synthesized Co-MCM41 transforms to Co oxide phase upon calcination. Co-PO/MCM41 and Co-PO/MCM48 were stable while treated with water.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.291-296
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• 1999

The immobilization of APTMS(3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane) and AAPTMS(3-(2-(2-aminoethyl)aminoethylanino)propyltrimethoxysilane) on the surface of high quality mesoporous molecular sieves MCM-41 and MCM-48 have been confirmed by F.T.-IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, 29Si solid state NMR, and a surface polarity measurement using Reichardt's dye. The formation of metal (Co(Ⅱ), Ni(Ⅱ), and Cu(Ⅱ)) complexes by immobilized aminosilanes have been investigated by photoacoustic spectroscopy(PAS). The assignment of UV-Vis. PAS bands makes it possible to identify the structure of metal complexes within mesoporous molecular sieves. Co(Ⅱ) ion may be coordinated mainly in a tetrahedral symmetry by two APTMS onto MCM-41, and in an octahedral one by two AAPTMS. Both Ni(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ) coordinated by aminosilanes within MCM-41 form possibly the octahedral complexes such as [Ni(APTMS)2(H20)2]2+, [Ni(AAPTMS)2]2+, [Cu(APTMS)2(H2O)2]2+, and [Cu(AAPTMS)(H2O)3]2+, respectively. The PAS band shapes of complexes onto MCM-48 are similar to those of corresponding MCM-41 with the variation of PAS intensity. Most of metal ion(Ⅱ) within MCM-41 and MCM-48 are coordinated by aminosilanes without the impregnation on the surface.