• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.75-90
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• 2013

Given the context that users are actively using social media with multimedia embedded information, the purpose of this study is to demonstrate how images are used within Twitter messages, especially in influential and favorited messages. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, the top 200 influential and favorited messages with images were selected out of 1,589 tweets related to "Boston bombing" in April 2013. The characteristics of the message, image use, and user are analyzed and compared. Two phases of the analysis were conducted on three data sets containing the top 200 influential messages, top 200 favorited messages, and general messages. In the first phase, coding schemes have been developed for conducting three categorical analyses: (1) categorization of tweets, (2) categorization of image use, and (3) categorization of users. The three data sets were then coded using the coding schemes. In the second phase, comparison analyses were conducted among influential, favorited, and general tweets in terms of tweet type, image use, and user. While messages expressing opinion were found to be most favorited, the messages that shared information were recognized as most influential to users. On the other hand, as only four image uses - information dissemination, illustration, emotive/persuasive, and information processing - were found in this data set, the primary image use is likely to be data-driven rather than object-driven. From the perspective of users, the user types such as government, celebrity, and photo-sharing sites were found to be favorited and influential. An improved understanding of how users' image needs, in the context of social media, contribute to the body of knowledge of image needs. This study will also provide valuable insight into practical designs and implications of image retrieval systems or services.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.328-336
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• 2005

In order to remove the NO contained in exhaust gas by the non-selective catalyst reduction method, the catalysts were prepared by varing the loading amount of Ag and V into ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$. The conversion of $NO_x$ using the prepared catalysts was studied by varying the temperatures, $O_2$ concentrations and $SO_2$ concentrations using. The influence of the catalyst structure on $NO_x$ conversion was studied through the analysis of the physical properties of the prepared catalysts. In the case of $AgV/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ catalyst, the $NO_x$ conversion was lower than that of $Ag/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ at higher temperatures but higher than that of $Ag/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ at lower temperatures. Even though $SO_2$ was contained in the reaction gas, the $NO_x$ conversion did not decrease. Based on the analysis including XRD, XPS, TPR, and UV-Vis DRS before and after the experiments, the experimental results were examined. The results indicated that, $NO_x$ conversion decreased at higher temperatures since Ag oxide could not be maintained well due to the addition of V, whereas it increased at temperatures lower than $300^{\circ}C$ due to the catalytic action of V.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.63-77
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• 2015

Improve the rural views of the Government and the municipalities with the intention of rural landscape planning. However, rural scenery evaluation of landscape types and element categories, landscape scenes, such as the valuation of resources selected, form a coherent system and ecological point of view is not only a Visual perspective of evaluation, or evaluation is made. This study evaluates the rural landscape through the rural landscape for rurality is implemented can explain the image. Rural amenity 100 represented the rural landscape in rurality with photos of photos, and scenes, photos, location-based rural Vista rurality landscapes drawn components. Selected landscape photography scenic landscapes in the u.s. survey and image vocabularies through surveys is representative of the landscape in rurality of each Vista location-specific photos and images began extracted factors. As a result, the Distant view is a town and village in the rolling hills of the surrounding environment is an image behind the Vista Skyline, Farmland Rural village forests, Behind the hills, Individual housing roof, Housing arrangement, The number of household includes landscape components. Factor analysis 'openness', 'intimacy', 'activity', 'complexity', 'safety' was down to five factors, such as a description of the overall factors that force was 66.45 percent. Middle distance view is close to being out of town houses and village environment, an image in the skyline hills Vista, farmlands, village forests, rolling hills, behind the scenes of the housing component of the neck, the sperm will honor an individual factor analysis results are 'intimacy', 'safety', 'openness', 'specificity', 'complexity' five factors the whole description of the capacity factors compared to 67.24 percent. Close-range view is mainly in Vista village embraced the individual elements and an image of a harmonious location in the surroundings of the sperm, individual houses, fences, gates, courtyard, Garden, garage, agricultural facilities, including, but not limited to, factors assay but an 'intimacy', 'complexity', 'safety', 'activity', 'openness' five factors, such as a description of the overall factors that force was 65.29%. This research seeks to determine the extent to which rurality of rural landscape Vista by location attributes and elements and representative officer in photo selection and rurality to extract the image. To date, followed by a comprehensive study, which was presented through the readjustment could not overlook the Visual elements. The future rural development officer for the evaluation of rural landscape classification and quantitative and objective assessment will have to come up with ways to do.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.285-298
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• 2004

Transportation digital map has built based on NGIS (national geography institute's 1 :5000 digital database) which derived from the aerial photo materials. Transportation digital map is a part of National Transportation Database Building Project carried out by the Korea Transport Institute and Ministry of Construction and Transportation. Transportation digital map for the purpose of transportation plan and investment has been updated and corrected the NGIS database especially for road network. Transportation digital map database is essential basic data fully applied for transportation policy and planning. The database must be reliable and objective to be applied for national transportation policy decision and transportation analysis. In addition, it needs accuracy and currentness to reflect the road network for the survey year. To satisfy the purpose of the database, following steps are necessary first, data Production and building has to be done by guideline of survey and database building. Secondly, geometric and logical errors which can occur during the survey and database building should be carefully detected. Thirdly, sectional guideline for database examination and procedure needs to be set up systematically and coherently This study is about examination guidelines for section and procedure on nodes and links which are essential object in transportation digital map database. According to the type of error, consistent and systematic error examination can lead to quality guarantee for objective and reliable database.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.125-136
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• 2006

Statement of problem. The success of the bonding between electroforming gold and resin is dependent on the surface-conditioning technique but its effective technique has net been studied widely. Purpose. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the bond strength between the electroforming gold and resin with varying the surface-conditioning technique. Materials and methods. Sixty rectangular shaped metal specimens were made and one side of each specimen were gold hard plated. The sand-blasted specimens were divided into four experimental groups with fifteen specimens in each group and were treated as follows. Group 1: Silicoating (Rocatec, 3M ESPE)+ Sinfony (3M ESPE), Group 2: SR Link+ SR Adoro (Ivoclar Vivadent), Group 3: Tin plating (Microtin, Danville Engineering)+ SR Link+ SR Adoro, Group 4: Tin plating (Micro tin, Danville Engineering)+ Silicoating (Rocatec)+ Sinfony. Shear bond strength at metal-resin interface were measured using universal testing machine. Energy Dispersive x-ray analysis was done and scanning electron microscope images were taken and observed. Results and Conclusion. The following conclusions were drawn. 1. The mean shear bond strength values in order were 11.69MPa (Group 2), 22.35MPa (Group 3), 22.40MPa (Group 1) and 27.71MPa (Group 4). There was no significant difference in Group 1, Group 3 and Group 4(P>0.05). 2. In the EDX line analysis, the Au was detected on the surface of all specimen. $SnO_2$ showed on the surface of Group 2 and $SiO_2$ was detected on the surface of Group 1. 3. Increasing of roughness by sandblasting(Group 2), formation of micro-irregularities and tin crystals by electrolytic tin plating(Group 3) and formation of surface irregularities and $SiO_2$ layer(Group 1,4) were observed in SEM photo. 4. Tin plating(Group 3) and Rocatec treatment(Group 1) showed clinically effective shear bond strength(>20MPa), but when the two surface conditioning method were used together higher bond strength were achieved.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2012

Purpose: The golden ratio has been used for a long time to objectify and quantify 'beauty'. Dr. Marqurardt claims that the golden ratio can be applied in the maxillofacial field as well. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic significance of using a facial 'phi' mask for analyzing Korean faces with characteristics of Class I, II, and III malocclusion. Methods: We studied twenty five Korean celebrities' frontal facial photos (10 males, 15 females) and 90 malocclusion patients' frontal facial photos (30 patients in each malocclusion classification: Class I, Class II, and Class III). Patients who received orthodontic treatment at Samsung Medical Center were selected for this study. After superimposition of the selected facial photo and facial 'phi' mask using Adobe Photoshop CS3, the ratio of the entire facial area, mid facial area, lower facial area and horizontal and vertical lengths were measured. Results: The facial ratio in photos of Korean faces showed larger vertical and horizontal ratios than the facial 'phi' mask with golden ratio, regardless of skeletal malocclusion (entire face: 115%, lower face: 125% larger than the mask). The results of the frontal photos of Class I, II, and III malocclusion patients using facial 'phi' mask showed that the vertical length and frontal face area was more significantly influenced by the area of the lower face than the midface. This means that the lower face has larger proportions in the facial areas. Conclusion: The ratio of facial 'phi' mask is matched with the ideal facial appearance that the contemporary Korean general public is seeking. Thus, the facial 'phi' mask may be a convenient tool for esthetic analysis of Korean faces. Reducing the area of the lower face is esthetically more desirable for almost all Korean people when planning orthognathic surgery.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.95-102
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• 2010

In recent years, the demand for the development of high quality and cost effective materials, as well as the competition to ensure a diverse and sufficient amount of ready-mixed concrete, has been increasing rapidly. In this experiment, concretes made with different admixtures are blended with each other in different combinations and ratios, in order to identify potential problems. The first test was a slump level test, in which all of the concretes met the required numbers, as they also did in the test for air content. Plain organic acid concrete scored the highest in bleeding amount, but organic acid mix in general showed a similar outcome. In the early measurement of compressive strength, plain naphthalene concrete was the strongest. Of the blends, the 5:5 mix of organic acid and naphthalene was the strongest. In the standard measurement, the 5:5 mix of naphthalene and lignin was the strongest. Tensile strength tests revealed similar results. Length change rate proved to be greater in blended concrete than in plain concrete, and dry shrinkage rate was highest in the 7:3 ratio blends. Through SEM photo analysis, it was confirmed that the 7:3 ratio blends contained more micro-voids. In conclusion, with the exception of a specific few combinations, it was found that the blending of different types of concrete is undesirable due to the delayed coagulation time as well as the early decrease in strength.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2002

Effects of ethoxyquin on the color stability of oleoresin paprika extracts and amount of residual ethoxyquin, a color stabilizer, in commercial extracts were determined. The oleoresin paprika extracts dissolved in ethanol gave the highest maximum photo-absorbency at 444-458 nm, with the color index of United States product 2-6 times higher than that produced in India. The residual solvents in oleoresin paprika extracts were mainly acetone and methanol, although some other extracts also contained small amounts of hexane. HPLC analysis was determined as a proper analytical method for residual ethoxyquin assay in the oleoresin paprika extracts, particularly when hexane was used as a solvent. The residual ethoxyquins were detected in the extracts produced in US and Spain which had relatively high color indices.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.471-477
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• 2014

Purpose: We have analyzed the transmittance distribution of the ocular lens using local transmittance microscope to investigate the optical homogeneity of the lens. Methods: The transmittance of the laser which is focused on the surface of the ocular lens was measured by using the photo-detector and lock-in amplifier and analyzed. Multi-coated, uncoated, and progressive lenses were analyzed. Results: In the measurement of the progressive lens and a physical stimulated lens, local transmittance microscopy analysis showed a high degree of match with the measurement results through the optical microscope. In addition, the average value of the transmittance is reduced and the standard deviation was increased in the presence of optical defects. In unstimulated lens, there are a large impact on transmittance whether the anti-reflective coating is presence or absence in both the local transmittance microscopy and general transmittance analysis. Conclusions: The distribution of the transmittance measured by local transmission microscopy were changed when the various stimulus is applied to the lenses. These analyzes by local transmission microscopy can be utilized as a way to evaluate or determine the uniformity of the coating film or lens.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.237-242
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• 2016

The major advantage of slip-ring technology in Spiral CT is that it facilitates continuous rotation of the x-ray tube, so that volume data can be acquired from a patient quickly. Not only for such a fast scan, but also for the dose reduction purpose, high signal-to-noise ratio and fast data acquisition system is required. In this study, we have built a multi-channel photodetector and multi-channel data acquisition system for CT application. The detector module consisted of CdWO4 crystal and Si photodiode in 16 channels. For the performance test of the preamplifier stage, both the transimpedance and switched integrator types are optimized for the photodetector modules. Switched integrator showed better noise performance in the limited bandwidth which is suitable for the current CT application. The control sequence for data acquisition and 20 bit ADC is designed with VHDL(Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language) and implemented on FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) chip. Our Si photodiode detector module coupled to CdWO4 crystal showed comparable signal with other commercially available photodiode for CT. Switched integrator type showed higher SNR but narrower bandwidth compared to transimpedance preamplifier. Digital hardware is designed by FPGA, so that the control signal could be redesigned without hardware alteration.