• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.378-383
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• 1995

Phospholipid(PL), phosphatidylcholine(PC) and phosphatidylcholine free PL(PCF) were extracted from squid viscera and the antioxidant effects of each fraction on the oxidation of refined fish oil were evaluated. Polyunsaturated fatty acid contents were the highest in PC(46.7%) followed by PL(44.8%) and PCF(40.9%). The effects of each phospholipid fraction on stabilizing fish oil were compared by incubating at 40$^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. At the initial period(2 days), changes in peroxide value did not show any significant difference ; however, as incubation time was extended, PC fraction showed the strongest antioxidant activity. PL and PCF added to fish oils also resulted in increased stability against oxidation. Antioxidative effect of PC at the 5% level was equivalent to 0.05% BHT, 1% catechin and 1% tocopherol.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.611-620
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• 2008

달걀 노른자에 함유된 인지질 중 PC와 PE를 추출, 분리하고 이를 토코페롤을 제거한 TSCO에 0, 200, 500, 2,000 ppm의 농도로 단독으로, 또는 1,000 ppm씩 혼합하여 첨가한 후 $180^{\circ}C$에서 12시간 동안 가열하여 함유된 인지질의 함량변화와 TSCO의 갈색화 정도를 살펴보고, TSCO의 가열산화에 미치는 영향을 지방산 조성, 공액이중산값, 아니시딘값으로 평가하였다. TSCO에 첨가된 인지질은 가열 시작 후 2-3시간 내에 매우 빠르게 소실되었고, 가열 중 PE의 분해속도가 PC에 비해 높았다. PC와 PE가함께 첨가된 TSCO를 가열할때 PE는 PC의 분해를 억제하였다. TSCO는 가열 시간이 증가함에 따라 갈색화가 증가하였고, PC와 PE는 갈색화를 촉진하였으며 PE가 PC보다 큰 영향을 주었다. 가열 중 TSCO의 P/L, P/Ln, 공액이중산값, 아니시딘값은 증가하였으며, PC의 첨가는 이들 값을 낮추어 가열 카놀라유의 산화방지제 역할을 하였으나 PE는 큰 영향을 나타내지 않았으며, PC와 PE는 TSCO의 가열산화 억제에 있어서 antagonism이 관찰되었다.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.578-589
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• 2003

The fuzzy rat that expresses hypersecretion of sebum and hyperplastic sebaceous glands is a genetic mutant for the study of many pharmacological aspects especially human acne. Through this model, we examined the effects of several phospholipids on the secretion of sebum after topical application. The phospholipid derivatives were phosphatidylcholine (PC), hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine (HPC), phosphati dylserine (PS) and hydrogenated phosphatidylserine(HPS). All agents were dissolved into the vehicle (1, 3-Butanediol, ethanol and water) at 0.5％ weight volume and applied on the dorsal area of the fuzzy rat. To observe histological changes, the skin biopsies were stained with Oil Red O and the size and morphology of sebaceous gland was observed under microscope. Topical treatment with PC and/or HPC showed a marked decrease in sebum excretion. Especially hydrogenated PC (HPC) appeared to have more predominant sebosuppressive function than any other treatment. The other agents such as PS and HPS showed a marginal effect on sebum secretion. With the sebosuppressive activity, HPC and PC seem to have a good potential application on acne treatment. In order to obtain more insights into possible mechanisms behind the above observations, effects of each phospholipid on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) genes were investigated. Recently, it has been demonstrated that expression and activation of PPAR subtypes appear to modulate the accumulation of cytoplasmic fat droplets that characterizes the sebocyte differentiation(1). It was also previously suggested that PPAR${\gamma}$ antagonist would seem possible to interfere sebum production without side effects (2). In this study we examined the diverse effects of the tested phospholipids on the expression of several PPAR genes based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from the topically treated skin of fuzzy rats. The results and possible implications are discussed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.373-377
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• 2007

No phosphatidylcholine (PC) was detected in the membrane of Rhodobacter sphaeroides pmtA mutant (PmtAl) lacking phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) N-methyltransferase, whereas PE in the mutant was increased up to the mole % comparable to the combined level of PE and PC of wild type. Neither the fatty acid composition nor the fluidity of membrane was altered by pmtA mutation. Consistently, aerobic and photoheterotrophic growth of PmtAl were not different from wild type. However, PmtAl showed an extended lag phase (15 h) after the growth transition from aerobic to photoheterotrophic conditions, indicating the PC requirement for the efficient formation of intracytoplasmic membrane (ICM). Interestingly, the B800-850 complex of PmtAl was decreased more than twofold in comparison with wild type, whereas the level of the B875 complex comprising the fixed photosynthetic unit was not changed. Since puc expression is not affected by pmtA mutation, PC appears to be required for the proper formation of the B800-850 complex in the ICM of R. sphaeroides.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.721-723
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• 2000

The phospholipase $A_2$-catalyzed transesterification of phosphatidylcholine (PC, 95%) with nervonic acid (NA, 95%) was successfully carried out in an organic solvent. The maximum yield after 48 h was 10.3% (w/w) at $50^{\circ}C$ with an initial water activity ($a_w$) of 0.16, and a molar ratio of NA to PC of 20 in 5 ml ethyl acetate.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.117-124
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• 1994

Phospholamban은 심근 근장그물 $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ 조절단백이다. 조절작용기전은 탈인산화된 phospholamban에 의해 $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$가 억제됨으로 나타나며, 이 phospholamban이 인산화됨으로 $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$에 대한 억제가 반전됨을 보인다. 최근에 phospholamban의 cytoplasmic domain만으로 $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$를 억제하기에는 불충분하다는 보고가 있어 본 실험을 계획하였다. $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$의 활성을 억제하는 phospholamban domain을 밝히기 위하여 합성한 phospholamban 펩타이드(아미노산 1-25)의 $Ca^{2+}$ uptake에 대한 효과를 살펴보았다. 골격근 근장그물에서 $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$를 분리한 후 phosphatidylcholine이나 phosphatidylcholine과 phosphatidylserine을 포함한 liposome에 재조합시켰다. Phospholamban 펩타이드는 phosphatidylcholine을 이용하여 재조합된 vesicles의 초기 $Ca^{2+}$ uptake rate를 억제하고, cAMP 의존성 protein kinase의 catalytic subunit로 인산화시킨 phospholamban 펩타이드는 이 억제를 반전시킴을 보여 주었다. Phosphatidylcholine과 phosphatidylserine을 포함한 제조합 vesicles에서도 같은 양상을 보였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 인산화 sites를 포함하고 있는 phospholamban의 cytoplasmic domain은 그 자체만으로도 근장그물 칼슘펌프를 억제하기에 충분하다고 결론지을 수 있다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2002

Injectable gel composed of egg phosphatidylcholine (egg PC), hyaluronate (HA) and water was formulated for local drug delivery. The lamellar liquid crystalline structure of the egg PC/water system did not change by adding HA in the formulation. However, egg PC/HA/water gel was more resistant to erosion than the egg PC/water gel. The egg PC/HA/water and egg PC/water gels containing model drugs, tetracycline and sudan IV were prepared to perform in vitro and in vivo drug release experiments. In vitro release of tetracycline was sustained in the gel type formulations. The release rate of hydrophobic sudan IV was extremely slow. More than 99% of sudan IV remained inside the gel after 5 days. In vivo release of drugs from the air pouch model in Balb/c mice shows that lipophilic sudan IV remained for more than 10 days whereas tetracycline remained for 1 day in the pouch. The compatibility of the gels was also examined by histopathology. The gels did not cause any adverse inflammatory effect in the air pouch.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.2143-2147
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• 2013

Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) is a very effective method for lipid mass fingerprinting. However, MALDI MS suffered from spectral complexities, differential ionization efficiencies, and poor reproducibility when analyzing complex lipid mixtures without prior separation steps. Here, we aimed to find optimal MALDI sample preparation methods which enable selective or class-wide mass fingerprinting of two totally different lipid classes. In order to achieve this, various matrices with additives were tested against the mixture of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cerebrosides (Cers) which are abundant in animal brain tissues and also of great interests in disease biology. Our results showed that, from complex lipid mixtures, 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) with $NaNO_3$ was a useful MALDI matrix for the class-wide fingerprinting of PC and Cers. In contrast, THAP efficiently generated PC-focused profiles and graphene oxide (GO) with $NaNO_3$ provided Cer-only profiles with reduced spectral complexity.

• 분석과학
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.474-477
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• 1998

화학발광고속액체크로마토그래피(chemiluminescence-HPLC, CL-HPLC)법을 이용하여 생체지질과산화물의 측정에 있어서 표준물질인 포스파티딜콜린 하이드로퍼옥사이드(phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide, PCOOH)의 조제법을 개발하였다. 미산화의 포스파티딜콜린(PC)에 로즈벤갈(rose bengal)을 첨가하여 형광분광광도계에서 1시간 조사시킴으로써 광 산화 시켰다. 얻어진 PCOOH의 농도는 FOX(ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange)법으로 측정하여 계산한 후, 일정 농도로 희석하여 CL-HPLC계에서 분석하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.98-104
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• 1995

미이용자원의 효율적인 이용을 위해서 고등어 내장으로부터 항산화물질을 추출하여 그 효과를 알아보고자 본 실험을 행하였다. 내장으로 부터 총지질을 추출하여 다시 헥산 추출물, 사염화탄소-메탄올 추출물(1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 : 9, v/v), 인지질, 포스파티딜콜린(PC), PC를 제외한 나머지 인지질획분(PCF)로 추출하여 $40^{\circ}C$ 항온기에서 10일간 산화억제실험을 하였다. 그 결과 헥산 추출물은 총지질이나 사염화탄소-메탄올 보다 산화억제 효과가 낮았고 사염화탄소-메탄올(1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 : 9, v/v) 추출물은 극성이 높을수록 효과가 컸다. 극성지질인 인지질(PL)과 인지질을 구성하는 포스파티딜콜린(PC)과 그 나머지 획분(PCF=PC free PL)도 모두 현저한 산화억제 효과를 나타내었으며 그 중에서도 PC가 가장 효과적인 것을 알 수 있었다. PC의 항산화 효과를 알아보기 위해 천연 및 합성산화제와의 효과를 비교한 결과 PC첨가군이 다른 항산화제 보다 2~3배 산화억제력이 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 인지질의 항산화작용을 인정할 수 있으며 그 주체는 PC임을 알 수 있다. 수산폐기물로 부터 항산화물질의 이용이라는 대단히 긍정적인 결과와 함께 어유의 산화안정효과에 대단히 큰 영향을 미치리라고 예상된다.