• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2018

곤충은 넓은 범위의 온도영역에 사는 것으로 알려져 있으나, $40^{\circ}C$가 넘는 고온이나 빙결온도 이하의 저온에서는 생존이 어렵다. 본 연구는 사육온도 조건이 다른 환경에서 대사중심 조직인 지방체의 유전자 발현을 분석하기 위해, 온도조건을 달리하여 담배나방을 저온 사육충 ($3{\sim}10^{\circ}C$), 고온 사육충 ($35^{\circ}C$)로 나누고 상온 사육충 ($25^{\circ}C$)을 대조구로 사용하여 전사체 분석을 수행하였다. 저온에서 특이적으로 높은 발현을 보인 유전자는 표피단백질, ${\Delta}9$ 불포화효소, 글리세롤 3-인산 탈수소효소이며, 저온에서 발현이 낮아진 유전자는 키틴 합성효소, catalase, UDP-당전이 효소이다. 고온에서 특이적으로 높은 발현을 보인 유전자는 과산화물제거효소, metallothionein 2, phosphenolpyruvate carboxykinase, 트레할로스 운반단백질이었다. 고온에서 높고 저온에서 낮은 대조적 발현을 보인 유전자는 열충격단백질, glutathione peroxidase이었다. 이들 온도 특이적이거나 대조적 발현을 보이는 유전자는 기후변화에 관련한 특이마커로 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.50-54
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• 1982

본 조사는 양잠전업마을인 전북 부안군 산내면 유유마을의 시비실태와 토양화학성을 조사분석하여, 시비양개선과 토양개량을 통해 생산성을 증진하기 위한 기초자료로 쓰기 위해 수행되었다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 이마을 전체 금비시비량은 N-P$_2$O$_2$-K$_2$O로 환산하여 40.8-13.7-13.9kg/10a로 질소를 편중시비하는 경향이었다. 토양중의 유효인산은 모든 농가가 7ppm이하였으나, 47% 농가가 11kg 미만의 인산질비료를 시비하였다. 토양중의 치환성 K는 평균 0.68me/100g으로 비교적 높으며, 20kg 이상의 칼리질을 시비하는 9개 농가 중 7개 농가가 0.4me/100g 이상이었다. 토양의 평균 pH는 5.3이었고, 전농가의 토양이 pH6.5 이하로 낮은 경향이었다. 치환성 Ca와 Mg는 각각 3.62, 0.83me/100g으로 매우 낮았고, 10a당 석회소요량은 269kg이었다. 평균 유기물함량은 2.55%이며, 72% 농가는 3% 미만이었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 1991

기주 식물에 대한 인산공급이 근류의 인산 형태와 bacteroid의 인산흡수에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 B. japonicum MN 110을 접종한 대두식물을 1.0, 0.25, 0.05 mM-P 조건에서 재배하였다. 1.0, 0.25, 0.05 mM-P 조건에서 재배한 대두식물의 근류 Pi 농도는 각각 4.1, 2.5, 2.0 mM이었으며 인산공급이 근류의 Pi, SOP, lOP의 분포에는 유의성 있는 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 0.25, 0.05 mM-P 조건에서 재배한 대두식물의 유엽 Pi 농도는 대조구(1.0 mM-P)의 각각 33%, 20%이었으며 노엽 Pi 농도는 대조구의 각각 16%, 7%였다. 잎에서는 인산 결핍이 전인산에 대한 Pi의 분포를 감소시켰으나 lOP의 분포는 증가시켰다. 근류내의 bacteroid의 수는 $0.87-1.30{\times}10^{11}\;/GFW\;nodule$이었으며, 인산흡수도는 15-16 pmoles /min/$10^8$ bacteroid로 기주식물의 인산공급에는 영향을 받지 않았다 이러한 결과는 인산결핍 대두식물의 근류내 Pi농도는 bacteroid의 생육과 번식에 충분하며 인산결핍에 의하여 기주식물의 생육이 저해될 때에도 bacteroid의 인산흡수는 억제상태에 있음을 나타낸다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.454-464
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• 1999

The metal ceramic crown is currently the most popular complete veneer restoration in dentistry, but in many cases, the metal cervical collar at the facial margin is unesthetic and unacceptable. Facial porcelain margin has been used in place of it. But this dose not solve the problems, such as dark gingival discoloration and cervical opaque reflection of porcelain veneer. Recently, metal copings which were designed to terminate its labio-cervical end on the axial walls coronal to the shoulder have been clinically used to solve the esthetic problem of metal ceramic crown. But in this design, porcelain veneer of labio-cervical area which is not supported by metal may not be able to resist the stress during cementation and mastication. The purpose of this study was to evaluate fracture strength and fractured appearance of crowns according to different coping designs. A resin maxillary left central incisor analogue was prepared for a metal ceramic crown, and metal dies were made with duplication mold. Metal copings were made and assigned to one of four groups based on facial framework designs: group 1, coping with 0.5mm metal collar; group 2, metal extended to the shoulder; group 3, metal extended to 1mm coronal tn the shoulder: group 4, metal extended to 2mm coronal to the shoulder. Copings and crowns were adjusted to be same size and thickness, and cemented to metal dies with zinc phosphate cement by finger pressure. Fracture strength was measured with Instron Universal Testing Machine. Metal dies were anchored in Three-way-vice at 3mm below finish line and at $130^{\circ}$ inclined to the long axis of the crown. Load was directed lingually at 2mm below midincisal edge. Load value at initial crack and at catastrophic fracture was recorded. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Fracture strength values at initial crack were higher in groups 1, 2 than in groups 3, 4 but this difference was not statistically significant(P<0.05). 2. Conventional metal collared crown had greater catastrophic fracture strength than any other collarless crowns. 3. The greater the labial metal coping reduction, the lower the catastrophic fracture strength of crowns but when more than 1mm of labial metal reduction was done, the difference in strengths was not statistically significant(p<0.05). 4. The strongest collarless coping design was group 2.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels and types of nitrogen fertilizer on seedlings and soil chemical properties in a semi-arid area, Mongolia. 2-year-old Populus sibirica and 4-year-old Ulmus pumila seedlings were planted in May 2014. Six treatments with three levels of nitrogen (low-level: urea $5g\;tree^{-1}$; medium-level: urea $15g\;tree^{-1}$, ammonium sulfate $33g\;tree^{-1}$, urea $15g\;tree^{-1}$ with potassium phosphate $10g\;tree^{-1}$; high-level: urea $30g\;tree^{-1}$) were applied and for the medium-level of nitrogen, different types of fertilizer were treated. Survival rate, root collar diameter (RCD) growth rate, leaf nitrogen concentration of seedlings, and soil chemical properties were determined in August 2014. The seedling survival rate of both species decreased as the level of nitrogen increased. This result can be explained by water stress caused by nitrogen fertilization in arid regions. The RCD growth rate of P. sibirica was significantly decreased by the treatment of high-level of nitrogen due to excessive nitrogen fertilization, and was increased by the treatment of ammonium sulfate due to sulfur which might promote nitrogen uptake. The leaf nitrogen concentration of P. sibirica did not change by the treatment of low-level of nitrogen, and was increased by the treatment of medium-level of nitrogen. There were no significant differences in the RCD growth rate and the leaf nitrogen concentration of U. pumila among the six treatments. None of soil chemical properties was affected by nitrogen fertilization. Overall, the low-level of nitrogen showed no effect on seedlings and soil chemical properties, except on survival rate of U. pumila and the high-level of nitrogen was considered excessive fertilization. Continuous monitoring of medium-level nitrogen fertilization including the ammonium sulfate, which increased early growth of seedlings, would be needed to elucidate the effect of fertilization on seedling growth and soil properties in a semi-arid region.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.433-441
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• 2021

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are primarily characterized as dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Ginsenoside-Rg3-enriched Korean Red Ginseng extract (Rg3-KRGE) is known to exert neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects on neurological disorders. However, effects of Rg3-KRGE in EAE remain unclear. Methods: Here, we investigated whether Rg3-KRGE may improve the symptoms and pathological features of myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein (MOG)_35-55 peptide - induced chronic EAE mice through improving the integrity of the BBB. Results: Rg3-KRGE decreased EAE score and spinal demyelination. Rg3-KRGE inhibited Evan's blue dye leakage in spinal cord, suppressed increases of adhesion molecule platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, extracellular matrix proteins fibronection, and matrix metallopeptidase-9, and prevented decreases of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1, claudin-3, and claudin-5 in spinal cord following EAE induction. Rg3-KRGE repressed increases of proinflammatory transcripts cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but enhanced expression levels of anti-inflammatory transcripts arginase-1 and IL-10 in the spinal cord following EAE induction. Rg3-KRGE inhibited the expression of oxidative stress markers (MitoSOX and 4-hydroxynonenal), the enhancement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2) and NOX4, and NADPH activity in the spinal cord of chronic EAE mice. Furthermore, apocynin, a NOX inhibitor, mimicked beneficial effects of Rg3-KRGE in chronic EAE mice. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Rg3-KRGE might alleviate behavioral symptoms and pathological features of MS by improving BBB integrity through modulation of NOX2/4 expression.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.17-32
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• 2021

Objectives The present study was designed to find out the therapeutic effects and possible underlying mechanism of Buja-tang, a herbal complex formula on experimental monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis. Methods Osteoarthritis models were created via intra-joint injection of MIA (50 μL with 80 mg/mL) in rats. Rats were divided into five groups and each group consisted of seven. Normal group was not injected MIA and did a normal diet. Control group injected MIA and received distilled water. Indo injected MIA and oral administration of 5 mg/kg of indomethacin. BJTL injected MIA and oral administration of 100 mg/kg of Buja-tang. BJTH injected MIA and oral administration of 200 mg/kg of Buja-tang. We analyzed weight-bearing ability of hind paws, oxidative stress related factor, antioxidant protein, inflammatory protein, inflammatory messenger and cytokine in joint tissue. Pathological observation of knee cartilage tissue structures was also performed with hematoxylin & eosin and safranin-O chromosomes. Results Weight-bearing ability of hind paws showed a tendency to reduce pain. The incidence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and p22phox in articular tissue was significantly reduced, and the incidence of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutases was significantly increased. The incidence of phosphorylated inhibitor of κBα, nuclear factor-kappa B p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β decreased significantly. In pathological observation, cartilage tissue damaged by MIAs in biopsy has significantly recovered from Buja-tang administration. Conclusions Buja-tang has anti-inflammation, antioxidation and pain relief effects. So this is thought to inhibit the progress of osteoarthritis in rat caused by the MIA.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.354-364
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• 2020

본 연구는 원통형 종이포트를 활용한 토마토 육묘시, 염스트레스를 활용하여 고온기 도장 억제가능성을 검토하기 위하여 수행되었다. 시험구는 K₂SO₄, KCl과 KH₂PO₄을 각 5, 10 dS·m^-1로 처리하였고, 또한, 토마토 모종에 고염도의 칼륨을 처리하여 수분 및 저온스트레스 환경에서의 적응성 및 생존성을 조사하였다. 조사결과, 처리 농도가 높아질수록 지상· 하부 건물중, 옆면적, 순동화율 (NAR)이 감소하고, 경경과 충실도는 증가하였다. 수분 스트레스 처리 이후, 대조구는 심한 위조현상을 보였지만, KCl처리구는 양호하였다. 상대수분함량은 대조구에서 23%, KCl처리구에서 8% 감소 하였다. 또한, 대조구에 비하여 KCl 처리구는 저장시(9, 12 및 15℃ 모종의 손상 비율이 낮았다. 이와 같은 결과로 보아, KCl과 같은 고농도의 칼륨 처리가 원통형 종이포트 토마토 육묘의 도장 억제에 효과적이며 환경 스트레스 내성을 향상시키는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.701-710
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 총항산화능 및 DPPH radicals 소거활성도를 통하여 항산화능을 확인한 산양삼 에탄올 추출물이 사염화탄소 투여로 급성 손상이 유도된 생쥐의 간에 대하여 보호 효능이 있는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 생리적 지표물질로 혈장 지질, GPT 활성, 혈장과 간의 TBARS 및 항산화효소 활성, 혈액 백혈구의 DNA fragmentation 등을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 산양삼의 DPPH radicals 소거능은 76.85 ${\pm}$ 1.06%, IC50은 33.3 ${\mu}g$/mL였으며 총 항산화능은 2.13 ${\pm}$ 0.06 mmoL/mg으로 양성대조군으로 사용한 아스코르브산 (96.45 ${\pm}$ 0.07%, IC50 = 16.5 ${\mu}g$/mL, 3.63 ${\pm}$ 0.06 mmoL/mg)과 BHT (95.40 ${\pm}$ 0.71%, 3.12 ${\pm}$ 0.02 mmoL/mg) 보다는 낮았지만 천연물질로써는 높은 수준을 보였다. 장기 무게 및 식이 섭취량은 산양삼 추출물 투여 및 사염화탄소 처치 여부에 따라서 어떤 차이도 보이지 않았다. 혈장의 GPT와 혈중 트리글리세리드의 경우 정상대조군에 비해 사염화탄소단독투여군에서 유의하게 낮았으며, 산양삼 추출물 투여군에서는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈청 총콜레스테롤 농도는 사염화탄소단독 투여군 (84.5 ${\pm}$ 23.0 mg/dL)이 정상 대조군 (140.6 ${\pm}$ 30.3 mg/dL)에 비하여 유의하게 감소하였으며, 산양삼 추출물 투여군 (130.68 ${\pm}$ 31.33 mg/dL)은 정상대조군과 같은 수준이었다 (p < 0.001). 사염화탄소 단독투여군의 간조직에서 TBARS는 정상대조군 (N)에 비해 28.64% 유의하게 증가하였으며 산양삼 추출물 투여군은 정상대조군과 비슷한 수치를 보였으나 (p < 0.001) 적혈구내의 TBARS는 세 군간의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 간조직의 SOD의 활성은 산양삼 추출물 투여군에서 유의하게 증가하였으며, 적혈구에서는 이러한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그리고 적혈구내 GPx 활성은 사염화탄소 투여에 의해 20.1% 유의한 감소를 보였으며, 산양삼 추출액을 투여받은 군은 정상대조군의 수준을 유지하였다. 사염화탄소 투여군에서 혈장 백혈구의 tail DNA, tail length, tail moment 모든 값은 정상대조군에 비하여 각각 84.4%, 98.8%, 123.7% 증가하였으며, 산양삼 투여군에서는 이 모든 수치가 대조군의 수준으로 감소하였다 (p < 0.001). 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 5일간 산양삼 에탄올 추출물을 미리 투여한 후 사염화탄소로 급성 간 손상을 유도하였을 때 혈 중 콜레스테롤 대사를 개선하고, 간의 지질 과산화를 효과적으로 억제하였으며 간의 SOD와 적혈구 GPx의 효소 활성을 대조군 이상으로 유지시키고, 산화적 손상으로부터 DNA를 보호하는 등의 일부 생리 활성을 확인하였다. 그러나 이런 산양삼의 항산화 활성의 작용 기전에 대하여 확실히 규명되어 있지 않아 추후보다 세부적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.171-184
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• 1993

In Seoul area, there are so many kennel clubs, veterinary hospital, pet establishment and breeding confers that various problems have occurred. They are crowed pet houses, poor sanitation, stress to puppies, sudden environmental changes to puppies and unvaccination against parvovirus, canine distemper virus, parainfluenza virus, infectious hepatitis caused by Adenovirus type I and Leptospira. Several studies were made to survey the infectious agents involved in acute diarrhea of poppies in Seoul are, such as history taking, physical examination, complete blood count and serum chemistry, histopathological finding, bacterial isolation and identification, and hemagglutination test in feces and hemagglutination inhibition test in serum against parvovirus, respectively. The results obtained are summarized as followed. 1. The percent of PCV (30.5$\pm$5.6) and concentration of Total protein(5.0$\pm$0.8) resulted from statistical analysis are significantly lower than normal values (p<0.05), respectively. In addition, fibrinogen (505$\pm$326) was significantly higher an normal value (p<0.001), Band neutrophil (22.9$\pm$12.7) showed signifiant difference (P<0.01). decreased monocyte (3.2$\pm$2.1) and eosinophil (0.7$\pm$0.8) values appeared statistically significant (p<0.001), lymphocyte (16.7$\pm$9), as well. 2. The concentrations of calcium .(8.0$\pm$2.8), glucose (40.1$\pm$31.4), and albumin (2.0$\pm$0.39) were lower than normal values (p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.001), respectively. Also Inorganic phosphate (7.1$\pm$2.4), pH (p<7.9f:0.2), and Blood Urea Nitrogen (40.41=37.1) were significantly higher than normal values (p<0.001, p(0.001, p<0.05), respectively. 3. Simple and mixed infections occupied 18% and 82% in the distribution of causes in puppies with acute diarrhea, respectively. 4. As puppies got older, incidence of acute diarrhea caused by Staphylococcus aureus was decreased to 13% and infection of canine distemper virus was increased to 53%, but E coli and canine parvovirus always showed high frequency of outbreak in the body weight ranged from 35g to 7.8Kg. 5. As showed in table 5, infections of E coli and Canine Parvovirus showed high outbreak regardless of the age which is classified into three stages, 35~50 day, 60 day and 75~day to 1 year, canine distemper virus appeared increased, but in case of Staphylococcus aureus, visa versa. 6. In comparison wi methods for the laboratory diagnosis diagnosis parvovirus, Hemagglutination test showed positive reaction in 25% and mean serum antibody titer measured by Hemagglutination inhibition test showed 2779 (n=20). In addition, positive reaction was 90% (18/20). 7. In histopathological studies, enteritic and pneumonic lesions were indicated in 53.7% and 39.5% of samples, respectively. 8. Etiologic diagnosis based on the history taking, clinical signs and histopathological findings in puppies with acute diarrhea and vomiting indicated that 50% of puppies were infected by canine parvovirus and distemper virus. 9. In the parasitological examination made by simple flotation with saturated zinc sulfate tour parasites found were Isospora canis, Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma spp and Toxocara spp. Isospora canis and Toxocara canis were more frequently found among those parasites of diarrhoeic causes in puppies ranged from 35 days to 1 year. Their infestation rates were 15% and 13% respectively.