• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.291-301
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• 2013

The genomic organization, tissue distribution, and developmental expression of two paralogous GAPDH isoforms were characterized in the mud loach Misgurnus mizolepis (Cypriniformes). The mud loach gapdh isoform genes (mlgapdh-1 and mlgapdh-2) had different exon-intron organizations: 12 exons in mlgapdh-1 (spanning to 4.88 kb) and 11 in mlgapdh-2 (11.78 kb), including a non-translated exon 1 in each isoform. Southern blot hybridization suggested that the mud loach might possess the two copies of mlgapdh-1 and a single copy of mlgapdh-2. The mlgapdh-1 transcript levels are high in tissues requiring high energy flow, such as skeletal muscle and heart, whereas mlgapdh-2 is expressed abundantly in the brain. Both isoforms are differentially regulated during embryonic and larval development, during which their expression is upregulated with the progress of development. Lipopolysaccharide challenge preferentially induced mlgapdh-2 transcripts in the liver. Therefore, the two isoforms have diversified functionally; mlgapdh-1 is associated more closely with energy metabolism, while mlgapdh-2 is related more to stress/immune responses, in the mud loach.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2008

To screen the differentially expressed genes in cadmuim-exposed marine medaka fish (Oryzias javanicus), a candidate marine test fish for ecological toxicity, the differential display polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR) was carried out, since the genome-wide gene expression data are not available in this fish species yet. A total of 35 clones were isolated from cadmium-exposed fish and their nucleotide sequences were analyzed. The differentially expressed gene candidates were categorized to response to stimulus (3); ion binding (3); DNA binding (1); protein binding (6); carbohydrate binding (1); metabolic process (4); biological regulation (3); cellular process (2); protein synthesis (2); catalytic activity (2); sense of sight (1); immune (1); neurohormone (1); signaling activity (1); electron carrier activity (1) and others (3). For real-time quantitative RT-PCR, we selected catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, heat shock protein 70, and metallothionein and confirmed that cadmium exposure enhanced induction of these four genes.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.573-576
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• 2004

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the lipid peroxidation, creatine kinase activity and cortisol hormone levels following the training intensity in elite judo players. Six elite Judo players participated in the experiments (3h repetition judo program), which include stretching, judo skill practice and cool down without recess. Blood sampling were taken at the judo gymnasium at the time of resting, 1h training, 2h training, 3h training, 2h recovery, and 24h recovery time and this were analyzed for CK, MDA and Cortisol levels. The results obtained were analyzed via repeated measures of ANOVA using SPSS package program (ver.10.0) and a value of p<.05 was considered statistically significant. The results from this study were as follows. In the CK levels, which reflect the contribution of creatine phosphate and muscle damage degree, there was a significant difference (p<.05) after judo training in every period. Recovery 24h showed the highest level. In the MDA levels, which reflect lipid peroxidation, there was a significant difference (p<.05) after judo training. Recovery 2h showed the lowest level. In the cortisol hormone levels, which reflect stress status, there was a significant difference (p<.05). In this study, we can conclude that For the trained athletes, MDA level was lower at the time of exercise compare to the other period, this is caused by the increased antioxidant defence mechanism.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.125-131
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• 1995

A 3, 346 bp of the cdd upstream region in Bacillus subtilis was sequenced from the pSO1 (Song BH and J Neuhard. 1989. Mol. Gen. Genet 216: 462-468) and sequence homology was searched to the known genes in Genbank and European Molecular Biology Laboratory databanks. Five complete and one truncated putative coding sequences deduced from the nucleotide sequence were found through the ORF searching by Genetyx and Macvector software, and one of them was identified as the dgk (diacylglycerol kinase) gene and another, a truncated one, as the phoH (phosphate starvation-inducible gene) gene. The B. subtilis dgk gene, having a role for response to several environmental stress signals, revealed an open reading frame of 134 amino acids with 43.1% of sequence identity to the Streptococcus mutans dgk gene. The carboxy terminal 59 residues of the truncated phoH gene showed 52.7% and 34.5% of sequence identity in amino acids with the corresponding genes of Mycobacterium leprae and Escherichia coli. The four remaining coding sequences consisting of 115, 421, 91, and 91 residues were thought to be unknown ORFs because they have no significant similarity to known genes.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.275-284
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• 2006

The molecular components that generate and maintain circadian rhythms of physiology and behavior in mammals are present both in the brain (suprachiasmatic nucleus; SCN) and in peripheral tissues. Examination of mice with targeted disruptions of either mPer1 or mPer2 has shown that these two genes have key roles in the SCN circadian clock. Here we show that loss of the clock gene mPer2 affects forced locomotor performance in mice without altering muscle contractility. A proteomic analysis revealed that the anterior tibialis muscles of the mPer2 knockout mice had higher levels of glycolytic enzymes such as triose phosphate isomerase and enolase than those of either the wild type or mPer1 knockout mice. In addition, the level of expression of HSP90 in the mPer2 mutant mice was also significantly higher than in wildtype mice. These results suggest that the reduced locomotor endurance of the mPer2 knockout mice reflects a greater dependence on anaerobic metabolism under stress conditions, and that the two canonical clock genes, mPer1 and mPer2, play distinct roles in the physiology of skeletal muscle.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.16-19
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• 2006

최근의 연구에 의하면 열이나, 산화적 스트레스에 대해서 NDPK는 구조적인 변화를 유발하며, 효소 활성과 구조가 oxidant에 의해 변화된다는 보고를 근거로 하여 정상적인 효모균주와 효모의 NDPK 유전자가 파괴된 mutant에서, 산화적 스트레스에 관련된 역할을 규명하고자 2-D 전기영동 방법을 통해서, $H_2O_2$의 처리전과 처리 후에 전사패턴이 변화된 유전자들, 즉, 산화적조절 신호체제에 연관되어졌을 것이라고 생각되어지는 몇 개의 단백질 리스트를 얻었다. 이 결과는 NDPK의 redox state의 조절에 관련된 효소의 성질을 규명함에 있어 유용한 유전자 신호 체제정보를 제공할 것으로 생각되어진다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제23권1호통권72호
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• pp.86-91
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• 1995

Rhizopus oryzae의 카드뮴 적응 및 해독기작과 이에 관련된 세포내 생리 생화학적 변화를 조사하였다. R. oryzae는 카드뮴을 첨가 배양하였을 때 카드뮴 영향하에서는 carbohydrate metabolic pathway에 관련된 효소 활성(MDH, GPI)이 촉진되고 과산화물 제거에 관여하는 효소가 새롭게 유도(CAT2)된 반면, lactate를 이용하는 효소(LDH, ADH)의 활성이 감소된 사실은 중금속 영향하에서 세포의 성장과 에너지 공급을 위해 에너지 수율이 낮은 lactate를 이용하는 경로보다는 에너지 수율이 높은 TCA cycle 경로에 작용하는 효소들과 독성과산화물 제거에 관여하는 효소의 더 많은 derepression이 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제45권12호
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• pp.869-876
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• 2022

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a dicarbonyl compound formed in cells mainly by the spontaneous degradation of the triose phosphate intermediates of glycolysis. MG is a powerful precursor of advanced glycation end products, which lead to strong dicarbonyl and oxidative stress. Although divergent functions of MG have been observed depending on its concentration, MG is considered to be a potential antitumor factor due to its cytotoxic effects within the oncologic domain. MG detoxification is carried out by the glyoxalase system. Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1), the ubiquitous glutathionedependent enzyme responsible for MG degradation, is considered to be a tumor promoting factor due to it catalyzing the removal of cytotoxic MG. Indeed, various cancer types exhibit increased expression and activity of Glo1 that closely correlate with tumor cell growth and metastasis. Furthermore, mounting evidence suggests that Glo1 contributes to cancer stem cell survival. In this review, we discuss the role of Glo1 in the malignant progression of cancer and its possible use as a promising therapeutic target for tumor therapy. We also summarize therapeutic outcomes of Glo1 inhibitors as prospective treatments for the prevention of cancer.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.759-771
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• 2023

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are naturally occurring bacteria that intensively colonize plant roots and are crucial in promoting the crop growth. These beneficial microorganisms have garnered considerable attention as potential bio-inoculants for sustainable agriculture. PGPR directly interacts with plants by providing essential nutrients through nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization and accelerating the accessibility of other trace elements such as Cu, Zn, and Fe. Additionally, they produce plant growth-promoting phytohormones, such as indole acetic acids (IAA), indole butyric acids (IBA), gibberellins, and cytokinins.PGPR interacts with plants indirectly by protecting them from diseases and infections by producing antibiotics, siderophores, hydrogen cyanide, and fungal cell wall-degrading enzymes such as glucanases, chitinases, and proteases. Furthermore, PGPR protects plants against abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity by producing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase and modulating plant stress markers. Bacteria belonging to genera such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Pantoa, and Enterobacter exhibit multiple plant growth-promoting traits, that can enhance plant growth directly, indirectly, or through synergetic effects. This comprehensive review emphasizes how PGPR influences plant growth promotion and presents promising prospects for its application in sustainable agriculture.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2007

본 연구는 집중적인 답압피해를 줄이기 위해 답압 하에서 비료의 종류 질소, 인산, 칼륨 변화가 골프코스 그린 잔디의 생육과 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 하였다. 실험기간은 2005년 10월 1일${\sim}$2005년 11월 30일까지 약 2개월간 인천그랜드 골프장내 시험포장에서 크리핑 벤트그래스의 ' 사이드 II' 품종을 대상 실시되었고 실험구의 크기는 $1m\;{\times}\;1.5m$이며 3반복 완전임의배치법으로 하였다. 시험구 처리는 대조구와 질소량 및 인산과 칼륨의 시비량을 달리 달리한 실험을 수행하였다. 조사항목은 엽색, 질감, 잔디품질 및 내답 압성을 시각적으로 평가하였고 잔디 밀도(개/$cm^2$), 뿌리길이(cm)를 조사하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1 질소량 변화에 있어 잔디의 엽색은 질소시비량에 따라 큰 차이를 보였으며 대조구인 A4(10-15-10)에 비해 A5(15-15-10), A6(20-15-10)가 가장 진하게 나타났다. 일의 질감은 처리구별 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나 질소 시비량이 적을수록 질감이 나빴다. 또한 잔디품질은 대조구인 A4와 A2(0-15-10) 처리구에서 잔디품질이 낮았으며 A5 처리구에서 가장 높았다. 내답압성은 A5와 A6 처리구에서 높게 나타났으나 답압처리 30일 이후 A5에 비해 A6처리구의 내답압성이 낮아지는 경향이었다. 2. 질소량 변화에 있어 잔디 분얼경 밀도는 A5와 A6 처리구에서 높았으며, 잔디 분얼경 평균 밀도는 답압 전 26개/$cm^2$에서 답압 15일 후 18.7개/$cm^2$, 30일 후 10.9개/$cm^2$로 감소되었다. 반면 뿌리길이는 실험 30일 이후 기상환경이 좋아짐에 따라 질소 시비량이 많은 처리구일수록 길게 나타났으며 A6 처리구가 15.8cm로 가장 길었다. 3. 인산 및 칼륨 량 변화에 따른 잔디의 엽색은 A10(15-22.5-15)과 A9(5-7.5-5) 처리구가 다른 처리구보다 진하였으며 A7(10-0-0)과 A8(10-15-0) 처리구는 대조구인 A4에 비해 낮았다. 잎의 질감은 대조구인 A4와 A9 처리구가 다른 처리구에 비해 높게 평가되었고 잔디품질은 A10 처리구가 가장 높았으며 인산을 제외한 A8 처리구가 가장 낮게 평가되었다. 또한 내답압성은 처리 20일까지는 대조구인 A4와 A10 처리구가 높았으나 30일 이후에는 처리구 모두 내답압성이 낮았다. 4. 인산 및 칼륨 량 변화에 따른 잔디 분얼경 밀도는 답압 30일 후 대조구인 A4 처리구의 분얼경이 13.3개로 가장 많았다. 처리구 간 평균 분얼경 밀도는 실험초기 26개/$cm^2$에서 답압처리가 진행됨에 따라 15일 후 20.1개/$cm^2$, 30일 후 10.9개/$cm^2$로 많이 낮아졌다. 또한 뿌리길이는 실험 30일 이후부터는 A10 처리구가 15.2cm로 가장 높게 나타났다. 이상 결과를 종합하여 보면 저온기의 답압으로 인한 잔디 피해를 최소화하고 건강한 잔디생육을 위하여 첫째, 저온기는 기온저하에 따라 비료흡수율이 낮아지기 때문에 시비량의 증가가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 둘째, 저온기에는 인산 및 칼륨의 시비보다 질소 시비가 잔디의 회복을 촉진하는 것으로 판단된다.