• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 2월 학술대회지
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• pp.41-46
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• 1996

Within the framework of prosodic phonology (or the theory of phonology-syntax connection), the rhythm unit is not regarded as a domain of phonological rules. But I argue in this paper that the rhythm unit functions as a domain of phonological rules in Korean. I discuss five phonological rules whose domain of application is the rhythm unit.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제42호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2001

Syntactic ambiguity can be understood by context usually, especially in reading and writing. Because phonological structure including stress, intonation and phonological phenomena can be pronounced differently according to different syntactic structures, syntactic ambiguity can be solved by phonological structure in listening and speaking. The objectives of this study was to survey how Korean English teachers apply phonological structures in order to solve syntactic ambiguity. The results of this study is as follows: First, Korean English leachers applied Compound Stress Rules well, when the second word was not branched. But they did not apply Compound Stress Rules well, when the second word was branched. Second, several Korean English teachers did not apply Nuclear Stress Rules well. They usually put the strongest stress on the first word. Third Korean English teachers did not differentiate appropriate applying situation of palatalization. They applied palatalization at both the single and the separated Phonological Phrase. Fourth, Korean English teachers did not apply stress shifting when stress crash happened. Because they did not apply stress shifting, they put the strongest stress on inappropriate syllable.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2000년도 7월 학술대회지
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• pp.75-85
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• 2000

Koreans and English have different phonotactic constraints and phonological rules. It causes Korean learners to have difficulty in pronouncing certain English consonant clusters correctly. This paper aims to discuss what English consonant clusters are difficult for Korean learners to learn and why this difficulty arises by comparing phonotactic constraints and phonological rules of English and Korean.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.268-278
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• 2018

본 연구는 한국어 통합 교재를 대상으로 발음 교육의 내용이라고 볼 수 있는 교재에 나오는 음운 체계, 음운 규칙, 발음 기술 및 표기, 그리고 발음 연습 등의 발음 항목들을 비교 분석하는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 또한 분석 결과를 통해 드러난 문제점을 지적하고 이를 위한 개선 방향을 제언하고자 한다. 분석 결과로 나온 발음 내용의 문제점과 개선 방향을 나타내보면, 음운 체계에서는 자음과 모음의 제시 순서가 교재마다 다르게 나타났다. 이를 위해서는 자모의 제시 순서에 대한 표준안이 마련되어야 하는데 교수 가능성 및 학습 용이성은 물론이고 교재 및 학습 목적을 고려해서 표준안을 구성해야 한다. 그리고 음운 체계의 제시방법에서 의사소통 관점과 한국어 억양의 기능을 고려했을 때 억양의 의미와 기능에 대한 기술을 제시할 필요가 있다. 두 번째, 음운 규칙에서도 음운 체계와 마찬가지로 제시 순서가 교재마다 다르게 나왔는데 제시 순서를 정해야 하며 어떤 음운 규칙을 교재에 제시할 것인지가 선행되어야 한다. 음운 규칙을 설명할 때 용어 사용은 가능한 한 하지 않고 필수적이고 공통적인 내용을 기술하도록 해야 한다. 마지막으로, 발음내용의 기타 사항에서는 발음을 위한 예를 단어로 제시하는 점과 다양한 연습문제가 없는 점 등을 문제점으로 지적하였다. 발음 교육을 위해서는 문장이나 대화문으로 제시하고 발음 연습을 위해 다양한 연습과 다른 언어 기능과 연계할 것을 제안하였다.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2007년도 한국음성과학회 공동학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.288-291
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• 2007

The aim of this study is to clarify degrees of difficulty of the Japanese L2 (second language) learners for learning Korean sounds and phonological rules. 31 subjects took a questionnaire survey and an identification test using words. In addition, each subject's pronunciation was evaluated by 3 Korean native speakers. As for Korean sounds, the results show that Japanese L2 learners have a tendency perceiving that listening is more difficult than pronouncing, although the listening test's scores were greater than the pronunciation test's scores for a majority of the items. As for Korean phonological rules, 1) there were some difficult items for applying the phonological rules, although Japanese L2 learners had knowledge of them, and 2) there were also some items that Korean native speakers evaluated Japanese L2 learners' pronunciations as the phonological rules were applied, even though learners pronounced them without any knowledge.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2002년도 11월 학술대회지
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• pp.81-85
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• 2002

We present a statistical analysis of Korean phonological variations using automatic generation of phonetic transcription. We have constructed the automatic generation system of Korean pronunciation variants by applying rules modeling obligatory and optional phonemic changes and allophonic changes. These rules are derived from knowledge-based morphophonological analysis and government standard pronunciation rules. This system is optimized for continuous speech recognition by generating phonetic transcriptions for training and constructing a pronunciation dictionary for recognition. In this paper, we describe Korean phonological variations by analyzing the statistics of phonemic change rule applications for the 60,000 sentences in the Samsung PBS(Phonetic Balanced Sentence) Speech DB. Our results show that the most frequently happening obligatory phonemic variations are in the order of liaison, tensification, aspirationalization, and nasalization of obstruent, and that the most frequently happening optional phonemic variations are in the order of initial consonant h-deletion, insertion of final consonant with the same place of articulation as the next consonants, and deletion of final consonant with the same place of articulation as the next consonants. These statistics can be used for improving the performance of speech recognition systems.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2009

This study observes how the combined intervention program effects on the acquisition reading pronunciation of Korean phonological process words and the acquisition aspects of each phonological process rules to four Korean learners whose first language is Chinese. The training program is the combination of multisensory Auditory, Visual and Kinethetic (AVK) approach, wholistic approach, and metalinguistic approach. The training purpose is to evaluate how accurately they read the words of the phonological process which have fortisization, nasalization, lateralization, intermediate sound /ㅅ/ (/${\int}iot"$/). We access how they read the untrained words which include the four factors above. The intervention effects are analyzed by the multiple probe across subjects design. The results indicate that the combined phonological process rule explanation and the words activity intervention affects the four Chinese subjects in every type of word. The implications of the study are these: First, it suggests the effect of Korean pronunciation intervention in a concrete way. Second, it offers how to evaluate the phonological process and how to train people who are learning Korean language.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2010

This study explores whether Koreans exploit their native coda-neutralization process when recognizing words in Korean continuous speech. According to the phonological rules in Korean, coda-neutralization process must come before the liaison process, as long as the latter(i.e. liaison process) occurs between 'words', which results in liaison-consonants being coda-neutralized ones such as /b/, /d/, or /g/, rather than non-neutralized ones like /p/, /t/, /k/, /ʧ/, /ʤ/, or /s/. Consequently, if Korean listeners use their native coda-neutralization rules when processing speech input, word recognition will be hampered when non-neutralized consonants precede vowel-initial targets. Word-spotting and word-monitoring tasks were conducted in Experiment 1 and 2, respectively. In both experiments, listeners recognized words faster and more accurately when vowel-initial target words were preceded by coda-neutralized consonants than when preceded by coda non-neutralized ones. The results show that Korean listeners exploit the coda-neutralization process when processing their native spoken language.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.192-197
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• 1996

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.656-664
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 한국어 발음열 자동 생성기를 이용하여 한국어의 음운 규칙에 대한 통계적 분석을 수행하였다. 실험에 사용한 발음열 자동 생성기는 한국어 음운 변화 현상에 대해 형태음운론에 기반 한 언어학적 분석과 문교부 표준어 규정의 표준 발음법에서 유도된 필수 및 수의적 음소 변동 규칙과 변이음 규칙의 단계적 적용 모델을 사용해서 구현되었으며, 특히 연속음성 인식을 위한 학습용 발음열과 인식용 발음사전 생성의 최적화를 목표로 하였다. 본 논문에서는 대어휘 연속음성 인식기의 음향 모델을 구축하기 위해 만들어진 삼성 PBS(Phonetically Balanced Sentence) 음성 데이터 베이스의 60,000문장에 적용된 발음열 생성기의 음소 변동규칙들의 분포 및 그 통계를 사용해서 한국어 음운 변화 양상을 분석하였다. 적용된 빈도수를 기준으로 분석한 결과, 필수음소 변동규칙의 경우는 연음법칙, 경음화, 격음화, 장애음의 비음화순으로, 수의적 음소 변동규칙의 경우는 초성 ㅎ 탈락, 중복 자음화, 동일 조음위치 자음탈락 순으로 음운 변화가 발생하였다. 이러한 적용 규칙들의 통계적 자료를 기반으로 한국어 음운 변화 양상을 파악할 수 있었으며, 나아가 본 논문의 연구 결과는 음성 인식 시스템을 개발하는데 유용하게 사용할 수 있을 것이다.