• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.225-238
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• 2005

Hwa-Byung(HB) has been categorized as a Korean culture-bound syndrome that is prevalent in married women of low socioeconomic status. Purpose: The Purpose of the study was to search for the essence of HB and a caring-healing process of HB. Then the research result discusses whether the Transpersonal Caring-Healing Model has been congruent with it. Method: Case examples resulted from in-depth telephone counseling over a period of time at the Women's Hot Line with a client who is a housewife with HB. The counseling content was analyzed through Giorgi's method of descriptive phenomenology. Result: The core meaning of the essence of HB was 'injustice'; and essential themes were 'lack of reciprocity', 'infidelity' 'suppressed aggression and powerlessness' and 'need for recognition'. The core meaning of the essence of the caring-healing process was 'caring-healing experience(maintaining a trust relationship)'; and essential themes were 'active listening', 'empathy' and 'forming a therapeutic relationship'. According to Watson, 'active listening', 'empathy' and 'forming a therapeutic relationship' were identified as intentionality, intersubjectivity and transpersonal. Conclusion: Transpersonal caring can release inner power and strength and help the person to gain a sense of inner harmony. Transpersonal caring is as important to healing as are conventional treatment approaches and even more powerful in the long run.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.668-678
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• 2002

Purpose: The number of nursing home residents has been increasing in Korea. Nurses need to know the lived experience of relocation of the elderly to long-term care facilities. However, studies on this issue has not yet been conducted in Korea. Therefore, this study was carried out to understand the experience of institutionalization of the elderly using a phenomenological approach. Method: There were 11 participants who consisted of 5 men and 6 women living in 3 different nursing homes. The data was collected through in-depth interviews and participant observation from June 1999 to October 2001, and analyzed by Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Result: A total of 275 meaningful statements related to the experience of institutionalization by the elderly were obtained. Of the 275 statements, 175 were found as the statements with more general forms. 28 themes were grouped into 8 theme clusters. These theme clusters included' resentment at their sons', irresistible admission', 'humiliation on institutionalization', 'being unbearable to shock', 'grief to unfamiliarity', 'being in agony of outwards', 'regret for self-life' and 'comfort for new residence'. Conclusion: Based on these results. we can understand the lived experience of institutionalization of the Korean elderly. We need to develop a nursing program to help the elderly cope with this crisis, and studies about the familys experience on their parents admission to institutionalized facility warrant further exploration.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.177-201
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to study the meanings and characteristics of qualitative research method in LIS. As the philosophy and epistemology of qualitative research are widely different from those of quantitative research, the meaning of validity and reliability must be interpreted in its ow9 structure and dimension. Essentially qualitative researchers seek to understand and interpret the world of others from their own viewpoints which basically tend to be subjective. Accordingly, qualitative researchers‘ understandings and interpretations are met with readers' subjectivity. By carefully analyzing the nature of qualitative research in LIS, I tried to point out some problems in terms of validity and reliability and practical strategies. Six problems issued in the qualitative research method are presented.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.4
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• pp.51-70
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• 1991

For the past few decades functionalism have dominated the epistemological arena in organizational science. However, the positivist-inspired movement of functionalism have proved inadequate for explaining the radical transformations of organizations. During the last decade dialectical theory has been starting to be heard. This paper identifies the dialectic as the unifying principle of a broad and diffuse tradition of thought. Beginning with a excavation of the philosophical foundations of dialectical theory in the thought of Kant, Hegel, and Marx, this paper goes through the various twists and the turns of the dialectic in the major twentieth-century movements of neomarxism, phenomenology, and critical theory. Also, this paper presents the implications of the dialectical approach in organization science. The discipline of organization theory has been imprisoned by its functionalism, therefore, stimulating an awareness through which it can begin to set itself free has become imperative. Dialectical theory, be cause it is essentially a process perspective, focuses on the dimension currently missing in much organizational thought, It opens analysis to the processes through which actors carve out and stabilize a sphere to the processes through which actors carve out and stabilize a sphere of rationality and those through which such rationalized spheres dissolve.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.11 no.4 s.32
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• pp.7-19
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• 2002

If we compare socio-cultural aspects of the two historical periods known as 'pre-modern' 'modern,' it would seem that the Aristotelian understanding of technology has difficulty explaining techno-cultural phenomenon of modern society. The problems are first that the discourse of scientific technology in the modern period has proceeded without a metaphysical base, and second that nothing in present culture regulates the limitations of scientific technology. The clear distinction between means and ends in the traditional approach is no longer valid in the jumble of interrelationships. Such complexity forces us to acknowledge that means and ends are relative and interchangeable, and that neither has a clear moral superiority over the other. Technology in modern society is no more a neutral means. The products of science do not always exist to serve human ends. In modem architecture and urban design, both its productive and destructive tendencies leave man and his society in an endless confusion of complexity and opposition. These problems of technology still result in unsolved question today. On this point, the discussion another currently prevalent attitude to technology, especially Heideggerian thinking in the below could give a somewhat clearer answer to the problem of modem architecture and technology, although it also comprises limited contemplation in itself.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.149-161
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• 2017

Purpose: This phenomenological study was conducted to describe and understand the experience of vulnerable elderly individuals with diabetes by identifying the meanings and structures of the experience. Methods: The data were collected through in-depth interviews of six vulnerable elderly individuals with diabetes aged over 65 years. The interview data were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and checked for accuracy. The Colaizzi's method of phenomenology was used to analyze the data. Results: Four theme clusters were extracted as follows: 'Life adversity', 'Adaptability to the life', 'Replacement of absence of family with social support', 'Difficulty of self-care'. Conclusion: The results provide an in-depth understanding of life experiences of vulnerable elderly individuals with diabetes. The findings will be useful to nurses caring for this population.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.397-400
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• 2002

Vapor explosion is one of the most important problems encountered in severe accident management of nuclear power plants. In spite of many efforts, a lot of questions still remain. So, KAERI launched a real experimental program called TROI using $UO_{2}$ and $ZrO_{2}$ to investigate the vapor explosion. Besides TROI tests, a small-scale experiment with molten-tin/water system was performed to quantify the characteristics of vapor explosion and to understand the phenomenology of vapor explosion. A vapor explosion was observed while the amount of air bubble and water temperature were systematically varied The mass and temperature of tin are $50\;g\;and\;150^{\circ}C$, respectively. Water temperature is set to $24^{\circ}C\;and\;50^{\circ}C$. The void fraction of air bubble ranges from $0\;to\;10\;{\%}$. The strength of vapor explosion was measured using dynamic pressure sensors attached in reactor tube wall. as a function of void fraction. In addition, a high speed video filming up to 1,000 flame/sec was taken in order to visually investigate the behavior of the vapor explosion .

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.325-343
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to identify and describe the experiences of health care during pregnancy, birthing, and postpartum period for Vietnamese marriage immigrants. Methods: The participants were 15 Vietnamese married immigrant women who became pregnant and gave birth within the last five years. Data were collected by in-depth interview with Vietnamese women. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method of phenomenology. Results: Six theme clusters were extracted as follows: 'being left with no other option in loneliness and longing filled in a limited life', 'continued trials and errors amidst frustration and fear', 'silently following orders despite the quality of medical services that change with each medical care provider', 'compromise by selecting amidst confusion between the Korean way and the way at home', 'depending on family, who is the communication channel, but becoming disappointed', and 'finding the reason for existence and struggling by herself to become a mother amidst doubled confusion'. Conclusion: A program for effective empowerment of Vietnamese immigrant women should be developed. In addition multicultural family centered programs should be developed with emphasis on acceptance of women's culture, respect for her culture, and supports. Medical staffs and nurses should also improve culturally sensitive competence in order to provide care for immigrant women.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.709-718
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• 2005

Purpose: The research aims to understand the lived experience of the caregivers of chronic renal failure(CRF) patients and its essential meaning. The results of the study can be used as basic materials for developing comprehensive intervention methods of care givers of CRF patients. Method: The research used van Manen's hermeneutic and phenomenological research methods in order to describe the lived experience and to understand its meaning. It concentrates on the understanding the essence of experience and consists of existential survey, hermeneutic and phenomenological reflection and hermeneutic writings. Participants in this research were five women care givers of CRF patients who had hemolysis at C university hospital in a metropolitan city, the period of data collection was from July 27 to Sep. 4, 2004 and major data of results in the following 5 essential themes. "sole responsibility for the patient enduring everything", "creating their own field", "heavy and painful life without hope of their private life", "wishing not to be inherited and consoling each other". Conclusion: The above findings point out that the experience of care givers of CRF patient affected and changed all parts of an individual life and his or her family life. Therefore, it suggests that total family nursing care must be considered in order to provide the holistic caring for CRF patients and their care givers.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

This study was to understand "flow" that has been very popular in the area of phenomenology and to interpret it from the perspectives of mathematics education to activate its use in mathematics education. The flow is the state in which people are so involved in an activity that nothing else seems to matter; the experience itself is so enjoyable that people will do it for the sheer sake of doing it. If anyone in society can experience with training how to get into flow, students should have chances to experience flow included in high-order thinking in order to have better fuality of life and to be confident problem solvers in the future.