• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.39-46
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• 2008

This paper is a research about the expression and characteristics of sense space by a phenomenological approach through body from an anthropocentric point of view. The phenomenological expression elements of sense space have been abstracted by putting the characteristics of body perception into shape through the phenomenological approach. This research aims to provide the expression and characteristics of sense space that can be applied by phenomenological elements of emotional expression, and analyze their application level by phenomenological body perception in space through corresponding examples. As a result of this research, the expressions of sense space approach - such as migration of moving lines, reiteration and segmentation of region, spatial flexibility, transferal of sense, stimulation of combined senses, symbolic abstraction of memory, perception of environment and space, time by light, phenomenal water space, time expression by surrounding environments etc. - and the characteristics of sense space according to each expression have been obtained through the phenomenological expression elements in sense space such as expansive perception by consecutive scenes, spatial and sensory experience, embodiment of place, phenomenal change by time. It aims to grope for a new approach and possibility to the embodiment and expression of sense space through the expression of sense space approach based on the phenomenological body perception.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.205-222
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• 2009

This study aims to understand time experiences of mothers in child counseling and to investigate the meanings of their experience of time. Phenomenological perspectives and attitudes were adopted as the basic methodology. Participants were five mothers who were interviewed in depth on their time experiences in child counseling. The data were organized by the following contents : (1) Time for compensation, (2) conscious immersion, (3) stagnation, (4) infiniteness and finiteness of time, and (5) facing the past. Based on the results, the researcher interpreted three meanings discovered in the mothers' time experiences; (1) Reconstructed time : Healing, (2) The child becomes a mirror reflecting the mother, and (3) A new beginning.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.6 s.53
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• pp.193-201
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• 2005

In this study we analyzed and interpreted the phenomenologlcal characteristics and meanings of water space in religious architecture through field studies and phenomenologlcal approaches, focusing on the religious architecture Introducing water space in contemporary architecture. The phenomenological experience elements of the research ate light, time, place and context. As the results of this study, first, light as a phenomenological element not only induces a contrast and change between light and the shadow in architectural space and various changes of light in inner space, but also operates as an element which expresses building features outward with time. Second, time as a phenomenological perception experience makes us feel changes of the environment and physical properties and experience space visually and physically. The continuity of time shows the change of a day, night and daytime and seasons. Third, water space makes the sense of place more remarkable, connected closely with surrounding nature In outer space, and creates a new space. Fourth, water space is a contextual element which harmonizes with surrounding environment by connecting surrounding natural environment with architectural space. Fifth, water space in religious architecture is a symbolic and central element, and emphasizes the atmosphere of architectural space. In addition, it makes the people who experience water space perceive the place by triggering sensitive response.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.13-23
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• 2013

Steven Holl is outstanding architect who has been applied his phenomenological thinking to his works. he has been reported that he had adhered to focus his interest on coherent phenomenological theme and sublimated his architectural concept succesfully. This study focuses on relationship how phenomenological concept has common ground with architectural parts and with the study on phenomenological application methodology of architectonics of Steven Holl. In the case of Holl, with the theme of sense and flesh, he molds phenomenologically sensitive space. His works contains coherent phenomenolgical concepts such as distrust of rationality, synthesis of consciousness, and qeustions of perception. The Methodologies of connection with environment(nature or bridge), regional values, placeness, light and time are considered in his works(books and architectural works) as anchoring, interwining and parallax for phenomenological process in his concepts. His methodologies of enlisted works contain many valuable concepts of phenomenological intuition and would be applicable to contemporary and future architecture for humanism.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.135-140
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• 2006

From the ancient to contemporary architecture, the light has been an important theme determining the characteristics of interior space. Especially in the religious space, the light was manipulated to express the worship for a god more than a physical element of the nature. It implied that human's space perception through the light was considered prior to the space itself. The perceptual experience in space was primarily elicited by the light with other factors, such as water, texture, and sound which temporarily renewed and updated the information of space. In this study, we critically analyzed the effects of the light which enhanced human's perceptual experience in the religious space in the view of Merleau Ponty's phenomenological philosophy. We suggested that the light was one of the mos4 effective factors to express the characteristics of the religious space with respect to the Phenomenological Light which contributed to the continuity of time, expansion and direction of space, immaterialzation, and perceptual illusion.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.187-204
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• 2011

This study investigated why homeschooling families choose homeschooling instead of public education and the changes and adjustment processes that those families undergo during their homeschooling period. The participants in the study are 18 families who have experienced more than 2 years of homeschooling. Mothers, fathers, and children all participated in a series of interviews. The analysis of the data was performed using the four stages of phenomenological study as presented by Giorgi. The main subject of this study is the belief of homeschooling families that "homeschooling is not a mere educational method but a life style." Initially, they choose homeschooling as a mere educational method, but the results here show that communication between parents and children increased and family cohesion was strengthened as time passed. In conclusion, it was found that many aspects of life begin to change for those who undertake homeschooling, including the values, statuses, and rules of the family. Thus, homeschooling can become a lifestyle.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.182-200
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• 2004

Purpose: This study is to explore the essence of those lives who have been living with their mothers- in- law for more than 10years since their marriage by applying Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological methodology. It consists of four steps such as concentration on the nature of lived experience, existential research, hermeneutic phenomenological reflection and hermeneutic phenomenological writing. Method: Six middle aged participants who have been living with mothers- in- law in middle size of cities were interviewed and observed with their written consent for one month from 20, April. 2000 to 20 May 2000. To expand insight by analyzing sayings, folks stories, writings, etymology of sigipsalee relevant to it were collected and reviewed. Result: Five essential themes were derived by repeated reviewing the transcription of those interview such as difficulty living with endless heart distress, feeling oppressed, feeling deeply lonely, having a stronger backing as time passes, in turn harmonizing with each other. On the basis of the five essential theme hermeneutic phenomenological writing was done as follow. Participants lived lives filled with uneasy feeling from the newly formed relationship among in laws but especially with mothers- in- law. Participants did their best to be acknowledged found that at a significant moment during family event they would be treated as strangers so that they felt isolated and alone. Mothers in laws played a dominant role in most of family decision even buying their children's clothes. Mother in laws rarely complemented them so that they felt inferior as a person. As time passes. Mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law become adjusted to this lifestyle with each other and assumed a more mature relationship which includes a mutual respect thus better harmony. Participants become to have stronger backing so that they express their opinion to mothers-inlaw. With time both of them are getting old, participants show form of pity to their mothers-in- law. Sometimes participant surprise themselves by noticing a change in their behavior to the same pattern Mothers-in-law have showed them. Conclusion: Although generalizations have limitations, findings resulting from the study will enrich family nursing knowledge and understanding the problems when living with mothers-in- law in the same house. It will give a cleared view of problems faced by middle aged korean women in the Korean patriarchal culture. Researchers have recommended to study experiences of married young adult korean women's generation and the findings compared with this study to show trends and changes.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.27
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• pp.20-27
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• 2001

The tendency of formalization in Contemporary Architecture deeply relies on the thought of Western Philosophy, which emphasizes the art of image perceived visually but ignores the body and perception of a human beig who uses the architecture and lives in it. On the contrary, Merleau-Ponty asserted long time ago that the world and the body are inseparably related to each other. The phenomenology is important in Architecture, since the center of thought should be taken back to the human body if a artistic meaning can be obtained by Architecture. From this point of view, the meaning of Contemporary Architecture can be renewed by the phenomenological idea of Merleau-Ponty as a means of expanding thought that overcomes the limit of formalization in Contemporary Architecture. This research aims to ream from Steven Holl's work, and show the Architectural elements that are used for preceptual experience of phenomenon and the function of those element sin Architectural space of his works. The result of study on about the phenomenal light and water in Architectural space of Steven Holl is as follows; First, in perceptional experience of phenomenon, time is an important element, which is successive and make a field that cause perceptional experience. Second, light, as a phenomenological element, acted as a means of expressing the comparison and change of light and shadow in Architectural space and showing the change of color by the diversity of time in inner space. Third, water, as a phenomenal lens, not only acted functional but also functioned as an element of sensual experience in Architectural space. It acted as an image containing time, space, just like a mirror that reflect the environment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.406-419
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• 2017

This study is to explore the essence and meaning of part-time job experience, in particular, to deduce growth experience through part-time jobs. This study is based on time-experience of phenomenological research method developed by the van Manen. For this research, the research data was collected by reviewing high school student part timer in Gyeonggi-do, those who had experience of average of two-year part time work or currently at work, and by undertaking in-depth interviews with seven of them from the March to April of 2017 with the agreements of the participants of this study. Time-experiences, i.e. part-time job experiences of youths, can be arranged as the following subjects. 'the feeling necessity part-time job and seeking it', 'adapting hard life of part-time', growth-experiencing through part-time work..The necessities for part-time job are feeling up consumption needs, aidsing domestic economy, pursuing independence, social and leisure life, self growth and preparing for the future. Adapting of part-time jobs are mastering, enduring, skillfuling work related to work adatation, and enduring ostracizing of old members, stopping and lasting, building bonds related to relationship adaptation. Growth-experiencing through part-time work are formig rational management for money, mental growth, preparing for the future. Based on these findings, the suggestion and limitation of the study were presented.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.143-154
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to understand barrier factors affecting nutrition education jobs and determining priorities according to frequency of occurrence of obstacles. Focus group interview (FGI) was conducted on 11 nutrition teachers, and the result are summarized by the phenomenological analysis method. The barriers of nutrition education consisted of three categories, seven themes, and 10 sub-themes. The three categories were divided into work burden, recognition of nutrition education, and limitations of the nutrition education environment. Recognition of nutrition education was further divided into internal recognition from nutrition teachers and individual and external recognition from students and staff. The results showed that the most frequent barrier experienced by nutrition teachers in the work burden category was heavy work loads of foodservice management, followed by irrational working environment. In addition, limitations of the nutrition education environment consisted of absence of standard curriculum and textbooks, inadequate education infrastructure, and inadequate class time. To improve this, it is necessary to reduce nutrition teacher's food service management and develop standard curriculum and educational materials for nutrition education.