• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.266-271
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• 2023

The antioxidant capacity of the Psidium guajava leaf extracted with EtOH and their MeOH fractions using column chromatography were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging assays, total phenolic and flavonoid content, and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay. To determine its utility as a functional material, the crude extract was fractionated by flash column chromatography on ODS using a stepwise elution with combinations of MeOH/H₂O and then all the fractions were also investigated. In the results of antioxidant activities, the 40% and 60% MeOH fractions show the meaningful values, and then the two fractions were selected to examine the isolation and identification of the major constituents via HPLC and nuclear magnetic resonance. Further purification led to isolation of two quercetin derivatives; quercitrin (1) and isoquercetin (2). Through SOD assay, some methanol fractions via column chromatography and isolated compounds showed improved antioxidant activities compared to the extract.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.218-232
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• 2024

Background: Cynara scolymus has bioactive constituents and has been used for therapeutic actions. The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms underlying pain-relieving effects of the hydroethanolic extract of C. scolymus (HECS). Methods: The antinociceptive activity of HECS was assessed through formalin and acetic acid-induced writhing tests at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Additionally, naloxone (non-selective opioid receptors antagonist, 2 mg/kg), atropine (non-selective muscarinic receptors antagonist, 1 mg/kg), chlorpheniramine (histamine H₁-receptor antagonist, 20 mg/kg), cimetidine (histamine H₂-receptor antagonist, 12.5 mg/kg), flumazenil (GABA_A/BDZ receptor antagonist, 5 mg/kg) and cyproheptadine (serotonin receptor antagonist, 4 mg/kg) were used to determine the systems implicated in HECS-induced analgesia. Impact of HECS on locomotor activity was executed by open-field test. Determination of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) was done. Evaluation of antioxidant activity was conducted employing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Results: HECS (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly indicated dose dependent antinociceptive activity against pain-related behavior induced by formalin and acetic acid (P < 0.001). Pretreatment with naloxone, atropine and flumazenil significantly reversed HECS-induced analgesia. Antinociceptive effect of HECS remained unaffected by chlorpheniramine, cimetidine and cyproheptadine. Locomotor activity was not affected by HECS. TPC and TFC of HECS were 59.49 ± 5.57 mgGAE/g dry extract and 93.39 ± 17.16 mgRE/g dry extract, respectively. DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀) of HECS was 161.32 ± 0.03 ㎍/mL. Conclusions: HECS possesses antinociceptive activity which is mediated via opioidergic, cholinergic and GABAergic pathways.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.669-681
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• 2021

The content of major constituents and antioxidant activities of two lavers (Pyropia seriata, Pyropia dentata) selected through breeding at different regions (Jangsan-do, Amtae-do, Dali-do, Jin-do, Muan) were compared in this study. The mineral contents of both cultivars were in the following order: K>Na>Mg>Ca>Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu. The content of major fatty acids was as follows: eicosapentaenoic acid>palmitic acid>arachidonic acid>dihomo-ɣ-linolenic acid. Main constituents of total and free amino acids were as follows: alanine>glutamic acid>aspartic acid. In particular, the total amino acid content in P. dentata was higher than that in P. seriata and was the highest in the sample from Jangsan-do in January. In addition, in terms of total phenolic content, reducing power, and DPPH radical-scavenging activity of both samples collected in January and February, P. dentata showed better characteristics than P. seriata. This study may provide useful information for the selection of laver in high quality.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1012-1028
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• 2023

The findings of this study confirmed the alteration of β-glucosidase activity, nutritional constituents, isoflavones, antioxidant activities, and digestive enzyme inhibition activities in soybeans during solid-state fermentation times with mycelia of Tricholoma matsutake. After nine days, the highest activity level was observed for β-glucosidase (3.90 to 38.89 unit/g) and aglycones (163.03 to 1,074.28 ㎍/g). The sum of isoflavones showed a significant decrease (3,489.41 to 1,325.66 ㎍/g) along with glycosides (2,753.87 to 212.43 ㎍/g) for fermentation, while fatty acids showed a slight increase and amino acids showed a marked increase. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents showed a corresponding increase according to fermentation times (5.58 to 15.09 GAE mg/g; 0.36 to 1.58 RE mg/g). Antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities also increased; in particular, the highest level of scavenging activities was observed for ABTS (up 60.13 to 82.08%), followed by DPPH (up 63.92% to 71.98%) and hydroxyl (up 36.01 to 52.02%) radicals. Of particular interest, α-glucosidase (6.69 to 83.49%) and pancreatic lipase inhibition (1.22 to 77.43%) showed a marked increase. These results demonstrated that fermentation of soybeans with the mycelia of T. matsutake enhanced the nutritional and functional constituents, and the biological activities of soybeans. Thus, this fermentation technology can be used to produce a novel functional materials from soybeans.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.578-586
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• 2008

Phytochemicals study from the leaves of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], one of Korean edible plant materials were investigated through various chromatographic procedures. The methanolic leaves extracts of soybean yielded 16 phytochemicals, including 5 isoflavones 1-5, 3 flavones 6-8, 1 flavonol 9, 2 pterocarpans 10 and 11, 2 phenolic compounds 12 and 13, 2 phytosterols 14 and 15, and 1 sugar alcohol 16. The structures were fully characterized by analysis of physical and spectral data and were defined clearly as 4,5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone (1), 4,5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone-7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (2), 4,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxyisoflavone (3), 4,7-dihydroxyisoflavone (4), 4,7-dihydroxyisoflavone-7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (5), 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone (6), 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone (7), 3',4',5-trihydroxyflavone-7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (8), 3,4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavonol (9), coumestrol (10), glyceofuran (11), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (12), methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (13), soyasapogenol B (14), stigmasterol (15), and D-mannitol (16), respectively. Among them, phytochemicals 7-16 were reported for the first time on the isolation and confirmation from the leaves of this species. These results suggest that the leaves extracts of soybean may possess possible health related benefits to human due to the isolated phytochemicals 1-16 which have been well known potential effects on various chronic diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1740-1746
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• 2016

In this study, we investigated the nutritional and functional constituents as well as quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of Korean cultivated wild ginseng (KG). The chemical compositions and amino acid content of KG were 7.56% water, 73.01% carbohydrates, 12.58% protein, 1.99% lipids, and 5.54% ash as well as 16.17 mg/g of amino acids, respectively. The major ginsenoside and minor ginsenoside contents of KG were 15.94 mg/g and 0.04 mg/g, respectively. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of KGE (Korean cultivated wild ginseng with 70% ethanol extract) were 8.93 mg GAE/g and 3.96 mg RHE/g, respectively. KGE also showed higher antioxidant activity than the other extracts (KGW, Korean cultivated wild ginseng with water extract) with regard to DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities (57.75% and 70.73%, respectively), nitrite oxide scavenging activity (44.01%), SOD-like activity (78.05%), reducing power activity ($1.08OD_{700nm}$), and ferrous ion-chelating activity (65.33%). Additionally, KGE had higher elastase, collagenase, and tyrosinase inhibition activities than KGW. These results suggest that KGE can be used as a bioactive and functional material in the food industry.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2017

In the course of screening tyrosinase inhibitory activity, EtOAc-soluble fraction of Coix lachryma-jobi var. mayuen Stapf. (Gramineae) roots showed significant inhibition. Further fractionation of the EtOAc-soluble fraction resulted in six compounds, which were identified as (+)-icariol $A_2$ (1), zhepiresionol (2), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3), trans-${\rho}$-coumaric acid (4), N-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyacetamide (5), and coixol (6). The chemical structures of these compounds were identified on the basis of spectroscopic methods (MS, 1D and 2D NMR) and comparison with literature values. Compound 1 was first reported from this plant. Also, this is the first time that the isolation of compound 5 has been reported from nature source. Among the isolated compounds, compounds 4 and 6 showed enzyme inhibitory activity, with $IC_{50}$ values of 6.5 and $62.4{\mu}M$, respectively, in comparison with these of positive control, arbutin.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.558-563
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• 2011

In the course of our investigation for chemical constituents in the ethyl acetate layer of Korean black raspberry wine, five compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The isolated compounds were identified as ethyl succinate (1), vanillic acid (2), ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (3), furan-2-ol (4), and 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2(S)-ol (5) based on the spectroscopic data of electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The presence of 2 in Korean black raspberry has previously reported. However, 1 and 3-5 in Korean black raspberry and its wine were isolated for the first time.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2008

The chromatographic separation of organic solvent extracts of liverwort led to the isolation of six compounds. 2-Chromenone (1), 3, 4-dihydroxy-cinnamic acid (2), 3, 3', 4', 5, 7-pentahydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one (3), kaemperol-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (4), 3-[[3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy]-1, 4, 5-trihydroxycyclohexane carboxylic acid (5) and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (6) were isolated from the methanolic extracts of the all part of Climacium dendroides. Their structure were established by chemical and spectroscopic methods. All compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant Climacium dendroides.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1311-1318
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• 2015

The effects of fruit maturation on changes in the total phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids of methanolic extracts of Citrus sudachi, in addition to its antioxidant and antidiabetic activities, were determined. Generally, the concentration of these chemical constituents increased as C. sudachi reached maturity. C. sudachi contained high levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids at maturity, contributing 6339.5 mg of gallic acid equivalent per 100 g, 2364.2 mg of rutin equivalent per 100 g, and 678.7 mg/ml, respectively. The scavenging activities of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide radicals and the reducing power of mature fruits were significantly higher at all data points than those of immature fruits (p<0.05). In contrast, the ferrous ion chelating activity of mature and immature C. sudachi fruits was similar. The 50% effective concentrations (EC₅₀) of mature fruits were 4.1±0.10 mg/ml for scavenging DPPH radicals, 3.1±0.02 mg/ml for scavenging hydrogen peroxide, 3.9±0.01 mg/ml for scavenging nitric oxide, and 3.8±0.02 mg/ml for chelating ferrous ion. The antidiabetic activity of C. sudachi was studied in vitro using the α-glucosidase inhibitory method. The inhibitory activity of mature C. sudachi fruits on α-glucosidase was higher than that of immature fruits. These results suggest that the content of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of C. sudachi change during maturation. These findings can be further extended to exploit them for their possible application for the preservation of food products, as well as their use as health supplements and nutraceuticals.