• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 1985

맥류작물(麥類作物)(밀.호밀) 잔여물(殘餘物)에 존재(存在)하는 phenolic compounds를 抽出(추출) 분리(分離) 동정(同定) 및 이들 작물(作物)이 주요(主要) 생육기간중(生育期間中) total phenol 함량(含量)을 측정(測定)하고, 동정(同定)된 주요(主要) 표준(標準) pheonlic compounds 및 잔여물(殘餘物) 수용추출액(水溶抽出液)이 벼와 잡초(雜草)의 발아(發芽) 및 생육(生育)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)하여 얻어진 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 밀과 호밀의 잔여물(殘餘物)로부터 동정(同定)된 phenolic compounds는 p- coumaric, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, ferulic, salicylic, syringic산(酸) 등(等)이었다. Total pheonl 함량(含量)은 출추기(出穗期)에 호밀짚 0.1803%, 밀짚 0.1702%로 분얼기(分蘖期) 및 출수기(出穗期)에 비(比)해 많았고, 모든 시기(時期)에서 뿌리보다 짚 부위(部位)가 높았다. 표준(標準) Phenolic compounds의 종류(種類), 농도(濃度) 및 잡초(雜草)의 종(種)에 따라 발아(發芽) 및 생육(生育)에 다양(多樣)한 반응(反應)을 나타내었는데, 벼, 피, 너도방동산이, 쇠비름, 참비름, 바랭이, 명아주는 처리(處理)한 phenolic compounds의 농도(濃度)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 발아(發芽) 생육(生育)에 억제효과(抑制效果)를 나타내었으나, 가래의 경우(境遇) 처리초기(處理初期)엔 발아(發芽) 및 신초생육이 현저(顯著)하게 촉진(促進)되나, 처리후(處理後) 45일(日)째 p-hydroxybenzoic 산(酸) $10^{-2}M$ 처리(處理)에서 신초(新梢) 및 뿌리의 생육(生育), 건물중(乾物重)이 각각(各各) 18.5%, 69.0%, 74.5% 감소(減少)되었다. 호밀 및 밀의 수용추출액(水溶抽出液)은 벼와 논 잡초(雜草)인 피, 너도방동산이의 신초 및 뿌리 생육(生育)과 발아(發芽)를 뚜렷하게 억제(抑制)시키나, 가래의 발아(發芽)와 초기생육(初期生育)은 현저(顯著)하게 촉진(促進)되었다. 밭 잡초(雜草)의 경우(境遇), 밀의 수용추출액(水溶抽出液)은 참비름을, 호밀의 수용추출액(水溶抽出液)은 참비름과 명아주의 발아(發芽)를 최고(最高) 100%까지 억제(抑制)시켰다. 가래 인경(鱗莖)의 저장물질(貯藏物質)인 전분(澱分)과 단백질(蛋白質)의 함량(含量)은 p-hydroxybenzoic 산(酸) 처리구(處理區)가 무처리구(無處理區)에 비(比)해 낮았다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.445-453
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 PAHs 오염토양의 자연 풍화 및 화학적 생물학적 처리과정에서 반응부산물로 흔히 발견되는 PAH-케톤화합물인 1-indanon (1-ID)을 대상으로 페놀계 반응매개체 존재 하에서의 망간산화물에 의한 산화 변환 제거특성 및 용존 자연유기물인 휴믹산(HA)의 존재에 따른 영향을 조사하였다. 반응성 평가 실험은 수용액 상에서 회분식(10 mg/L 1-ID, 0.3 mM phenolic mediators, $1.0g/L\;{\delta}-MnO_2$, at pH 5)으로 수행 하였으며, 페놀계의 반응매개체(phenolic mediator)는 자연산 페놀화합물로서 휴믹물질의 모델 화합물로서도 널리 사용되고 있는 11종을 사용하였다. 실험결과 1-ID은 망간산화물 자체에 대하여는 비반응성을 띠었으나 페놀계 반응매개체 존재 하에서 교차-결합(cross-coupling)반응을 통해 제거됨을 HPLC 분석을 통해 확인하였으며, 1-ID의 제거율은 반응 2일 경과 후 9.2~71.2%범위에서 페놀계 반응매개체의 구조적 특성에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 각 반응매개체 존재 하에서의 1-ID의 교차결합 반응은 유사1차 반응 속도식을 따랐으며, 초기 반응속도 상수 값($K_{int}$, $hr^{-1}$)은 0.48~15.0의 넓은 범위에서 나타났다. 1-ID의 제거효율(제거율, 속도상수)은 -OH, $-OCH_3$ 등 전자주게(electron donating) 작용기를 포함하는 반응매개체에서 높았으며, -COOH, -CHO 등 전자받게(electron withdrowing) 작용기를 포함하는 반응매개체일수록 낮았다. 또한 동일 반응 조건에서 HA 존재에 따른 영향을 검토한 결과 낮은 HA 농도(< 2 mg/L) 조건에서는 1-ID 제거효율의 상승효과를 보였으나 전체적으로는 HA 주입 농도가 증가할수록 교차 결합 반응효율이 저하됨을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.116-119
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• 1996

The biological treatment by a mixed culture GE2 immobilized on activated carbon was investigated with a phenolic resin industrial wastewater containing 41,000 mg/l of phenol and 2,800 mg/l of formaldehyde. At a dilution of 20 times with aerated tap water, influent and effluent $COD_{Mn}$ were 4,587 mg/l and 46 mg/l, that is, $COD_{Mn}$ removal efficiency was 99.0%. At this time, phenol and formaldehyde con-centration of the effluent were 1.24 and 6.80 mg/l, indicating removal efficiencies of 99.9 and 94.1%, respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.381-384
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• 2004

The antimicrobial and antioxidative activities were investigated to confirm the utility of wood vinegar. Antimicrobial activity was performed by paper disc method and liquid culture. The growth inhibition was observed in all microbial species at a dose of as low as 25 $\mu$m of wood vinegar by paper disc method. Also, in liquid culture, S. cerevisiae and P. aeruginosa were more inhibited the growth than others in the concentration of $2\%$ (v/v). For measuring of antioxidative activity, wood vinegar was fractionated with acidic, phenolic, basic and neutral fraction; and their antioxidant activities were measured by the radical scavenging effect on DPPH radical. In four fractions, phenolic fraction showed high antioxidative activity.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.133-136
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• 2001

The effect of pre-carbonization condition on the mechanical properties of nonwoven needle-punched carbon/phenolic composite was studied. The nonwoven Oxi-PAN felt was pre-carbonized at different temperature. The pre-carbonized Oxi-PAN felt was needle-punched and then carbonized. Needle-punched nonwoven carbon preforms were formed into composites with phenol resin. The tensile and flexural strengths showed maximum value with pre-carbonization temperature of $500^{\circ}C$. Compared with the non-pre-carbonized composite, the mechanical properties were slightly improved.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.130-133
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• 2005

An experimental and theoretical study was carried out to estimate the foaming characteristics in the pultrusion process of phenolic foam composite. For the experimental study, a lab-scale pultrusion apparatus was constructed. Methylene chloride(CH2Cl2) was used as a physical blowing agent, glass fiber roving was used as reinforcement and the polymer used was a resol type phenolic resin. Pultruded products were observed to count bubble size by a SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy). For the theoretical study, a model for bubble growth in a gradually hardening resin was considered and solved for a few foaming conditions.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2000

The five phenolic compounds of peony root were isolated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Their chemical structures were identified by spectroscopic methods (UV, FT-IR, FAB-MS and $^1H$ .&^13C$-NMR). The complete structures of these compounds were elucidated to be (+)-taxifolin-3-0-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside, benzoic acid, gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin. The concentrations of five phenolic compounds in the peony root of three Korean cultivars (Youngchonjakyak, Euisungjakyak and Jomjakyak) were determined by reverse-phase HPLC. The constituents concentration in Youngchonjakyak were generally higher than in Euisungjakyak and Jomjakyak. The concentrations of (+)-taxifolin-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside, benzoic acid, gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin in three different cultivars were ranged 0.23-0.52%, 0.20-0.30%, 0.26-0.28%, 0.09-0.12% and 0.34-0.63%, respectively.

• Carbon letters
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2003

Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) has been proven to be an excellent material for many industrial applications. A systematic study has been carried out of the kinetics of physical as well as chemical activation of phenolic resin chars. Physical activation was carried out using $CO_2$ and chemical activation using KOH as activating agent. There are number of factors which influence the rate of activation. The activation temperature and residence time at HTT varied in the range $550{\sim}1000^{\circ}C$ and $\frac{1}{2}{\sim}8$ hrs respectively. Kinetic studies show that the rate of chemical activation is 10 times faster than physical activation even at much lower temperature. Above study show that the chemical activation process is suitable to prepare granular activated carbon with very high surface area i.e.$ 2895\;m^2/g$ in short duration of time i.e. 1 to 2 hrs at lower temperature i.e. $750^{\circ}C$ from phenolic resins.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2007

A series of bromophenols and corresponding debrominated phenolic compounds was prepared by isolation from red alga Tichocarpus crinitus and by structural modification of natural bromophenols. Their structures were determined by extensive NMR analysis and the antioxidant activities were established through the determination of their abilities to inhibit free radicals using DPPH as the stable radical. The most active free radical scavengers were the debrominated phenolic derivatives 3,4-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol and 3,3',4,4'-tetrahydroxydiphenylmethane.

• 생약학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.208-212
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• 2017

In this study, analysis of active compounds that are believed to be highly relevant to antioxidant activity was carried out on the methanol extract and its solvent fractions of Corni fructus. The DPPH radical scavenging activity for the comparison of antioxidant activity was higher in order of aqueous fraction > methanol extract > ethyl acetate fraction > n-hexane fraction. It is similar to the order of total polyphenol contents in the samples. As a result of LC-MS analysis, phenolic acid compounds such as caffeic acid, gallic acid and chlorogenic acid and lognin, which is known as a representative active ingredient of Corni fructus, were identified as active compounds. And the antioxidative activity and the total polyphenol content of the extracts and solvent fractions were found to be related to the contents of the compounds. Particularly, it was confirmed that phenolic acid such as caffeic acid contributes to the antioxidative activity of the aqueous fraction of Corni fructus methanol extract.